High-Speed 3D Imaging
with Digital Fringe
Projection Techniques
Optical Sciences and Applications of Light
Series Editor
James C. Wyant
University of Arizona
High-Speed 3D Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques,
Song Zhang
Introduction to Optical Metrology, Rajpal S. Sirohi
Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction, Timothy R. Groves
Nonlinear Optics: Principles and Applications, Karsten Rottwitt and
Peter Tidemand-Lichtenberg
Photonics Modelling and Design, Slawomir Sujecki
Numerical Methods in Photonics, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, Jesper Lægsgaard,
Niels Gregersen, Frank Schmidt, and Thomas Søndergaard
Please visit our website www.crcpress.com for a full list of titles
High-Speed 3D Imaging
with Digital Fringe
Projection Techniques
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Boca Raton London New York
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Version Date: 20160210
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Contents
Series Preface, xi
Preface, xiii
Author, xvii
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
TIME OF FLIGHT
LASER TRIANGULATION
STEREO VISION
STRUCTURED LIGHT
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
DIGITAL FRINGE PROJECTION
BOOK ORGANIZATION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Random or Pseudorandom Codifications
Binary Structured Codifications
N-ary Codifications
CHAPTER 2 Theoretical Foundation of Fringe
Analysis Techniques
2.1
2.2
2.3
INTRODUCTION
FRINGE PATTERN GENERATION WITH
COHERENT LASER INTERFERENCE
FRINGE ANALYSIS METHODS
2.3.1
Fourier Transform
1
2
2
3
6
6
7
10
11
12
13
15
15
16
18
18
v
vi Contents
2.3.2
Phase Shifting
2.3.2.1
Three-Step Phase-Shifting
Algorithm
Least-Squares Algorithm
Carré Algorithm
Hariharan Algorithm
2.3.2.2
2.3.2.3
2.3.2.4
2.4
2.5
TWO- AND MULTIWAVELENGTH
PHASE-SHIFTING ALGORITHMS
SUMMARY REMARKS
CHAPTER 3 Digital Fringe Generation Technique
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
INTRODUCTION
BASICS OF DFP SYSTEM
DIGITAL VIDEO PROJECTION TECHNOLOGIES
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
Digital Light Processing
Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid Crystal on Silicon
Practical Issues for Using Digital Video
Projection Technologies
Comparing Experimental Results
3.3.5
SUMMARY REMARKS
CHAPTER 4 Temporal Phase Unwrapping for Digital
Fringe Projection Systems
INTRODUCTION
4.1
4.2 MULTIFREQUENCY PHASE-SHIFTING
ALGORITHM
ADDING MULTIPLE BINARY CODED
STRUCTURED PATTERNS
ENCODING FRINGE ORDER INTO
PHASE-SHIFTED FRINGE PATTERNS
ADDING A SINGLE STAIR PATTERN
ADDING A SINGLE STATISTICAL PATTERN
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
20
21
23
24
25
26
28
29
29
30
31
32
34
35
37
40
44
45
45
46
50
52
56
59
Contents vii
4.7
4.8
4.9
EMBEDDING STATISTICAL PATTERN INTO
PHASE-SHIFTED PATTERNS
FURTHER DISCUSSION
SUMMARY REMARKS
CHAPTER 5 Spatial Phase-Unwrapping Algorithm
for Real-Time Applications
5.1
5.2
INTRODUCTION
ALGORITHM
5.2.1
Quality Map Generation
5.2.1.1
5.2.1.2
Quality Map 1: Background
Removal
Quality Map 2: Phase-Unwrapping
Path Guidance
Quality Map Quantization
Scan-Line Algorithm
Conventional Quality-Guided
Phase-Unwrapping Algorithm
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.3
5.4
EXPERIMENTS
SUMMARY REMARKS
CHAPTER 6 Projector Nonlinear Gamma Calibration
and Correction
Nonlinear Gamma Model
Effect of Projector Defocusing
Active Error Compensation Method
Passive Error Compensation Method
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
SIMULATIONS
EXPERIMENTS
6.4.1
6.4.2
Hardware System Setup
Experimental Results for In-Focus Projector
61
66
68
71
71
74
74
74
74
75
75
77
77
84
85
85
86
87
87
88
91
92
95
95
96