2002 年上海华东师范大学生态学考研真题 一、名词解释（每题 4 分，共 40 分） 1、种群内分布型、 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2、生活史对策 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3、生活型 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4、重要值 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5、群落 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 6、演替 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 7、初级生产量 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 8、食物网 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 9、生物多样性 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 10、功能种团 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 二、问答题（每题 12 分，共 60 分） 1、在城市人工草坪里，常有大量杂草出现，请用生态学壤诊及学说来解释分析此现象。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 

2、举例说明三相地带性学说? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3、什么是 MacArthur 的岛屿生物地理平衡学说?它在自然保护区建设中的意义? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4、举例说明生物间的互利共生现象。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5、1949 年我国人口 5.4 亿，2000 年人口普查结果为约 i3 亿，请计算 51 年来我国人口的 自然增长率。（注∶ln5.4=1.686;In13=2.565) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________