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Introduction to Programming in Python An Interdisciplinary Approach.pdf

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    About This eBook
    Title Page
    Copyright Page
    Dedication Page
    Contents
    Programs
    Preface
    Coverage
    Use in the Curriculum
    Prerequisites
    Goals
    Booksite
    Acknowledgments
    Chapter One. Elements of Programming
    1.1 Your First Program
    Programming in Python
    Input and output
    Q&A
    Exercises
    1.2 Built-in Types of Data
    Definitions
    Strings
    Integers
    Floating-point numbers
    Booleans
    Comparisons
    Functions and APIs
    Type conversion
    Summary
    Q&A (strings)
    Q&A (integers)
    Q&A (floating-point numbers)
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    1.3 Conditionals and Loops
    If statements
    Else clauses
    While statements
    For statements
    Nesting
    Applications
    Loop and a half
    Infinite loops
    Summary
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    1.4 Arrays
    Arrays in Python
    Array aliases and copies
    System support for arrays
    Sample applications of arrays
    Coupon collector
    Sieve of Eratosthenes
    Two-dimensional arrays
    Example: self-avoiding random walks
    Summary
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    1.5 Input and Output
    Bird’s-eye view
    Standard output
    Standard input
    Redirection and piping
    Standard drawing
    Animation
    Standard audio
    Summary
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    1.6 Case Study: Random Web Surfer
    Input format
    Transition matrix
    Simulation
    Mixing a Markov chain
    Lessons
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    Chapter Two. Functions and Modules
    2.1 Defining Functions
    Using and defining functions
    Implementing mathematical functions
    Using functions to organize code
    Passing arguments and returning values
    Example: superposition of sound waves
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    2.2 Modules and Clients
    Using functions in other programs
    Modular programming abstractions
    Random numbers
    Array-processing API
    Iterated function systems
    Standard statistics
    Modular programming
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    2.3 Recursion
    Your first recursive program
    Mathematical induction
    Euclid’s algorithm
    Towers of Hanoi
    Function-call trees
    Exponential time
    Gray codes
    Recursive graphics
    Brownian bridge
    Pitfalls of recursion
    Perspective
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    2.4 Case Study: Percolation
    Percolation
    Basic scaffolding
    Vertical percolation
    Testing
    Estimating probabilities
    Recursive solution for percolation
    Adaptive plot
    Lessons
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    Chapter Three. Object-Oriented Programming
    3.1 Using Data Types
    Methods
    String processing
    String-processing application: genomics
    A user-defined data type
    Color
    Digital image processing
    Input and output revisited
    Memory management
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    3.2 Creating Data Types
    Basic elements of a data type
    Stopwatch
    Histogram
    Turtle graphics
    Complex numbers
    Mandelbrot set
    Commercial data processing
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    3.3 Designing Data Types
    Designing APIs
    Encapsulation
    Immutability
    Example: spatial vectors
    Tuples
    Polymorphism
    Overloading
    Functions are objects
    Inheritance
    Application: data mining
    Design-by-contract
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Data-Type Design Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    3.4 Case Study: N-Body Simulation
    N-body simulation
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    Chapter Four. Algorithms and Data Structures
    4.1 Performance
    Scientific method
    Observations
    Hypotheses
    Order of growth classifications
    Predictions
    Caveats
    Performance guarantees
    Python lists and arrays
    Strings
    Memory
    Perspective
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    4.2 Sorting and Searching
    Binary search
    Insertion sort
    Mergesort
    Python system sort
    Application: frequency counts
    Lessons
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    4.3 Stacks and Queues
    Pushdown stacks
    Python list (resizing array) implementation of a stack
    Linked-list implementation of a stack
    Stack applications
    FIFO queues
    Queue applications
    Resource allocation
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Linked-List Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    4.4 Symbol Tables
    API
    Symbol table clients
    Elementary symbol-table implementations
    Hash tables
    Binary search trees
    Performance characteristics of BSTs
    Traversing a BST
    Iterables
    Ordered symbol table operations
    Dictionary data type
    Set data type
    Perspective
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Binary Tree Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    4.5 Case Study: Small-World Phenomenon
    Graphs
    Graph data type
    Graph client example
    Shortest paths in graphs
    Small-world graphs
    Lessons
    Q&A
    Exercises
    Creative Exercises
    Context
    Standard Python modules
    Programming environments
    Scientific computing
    Computer systems
    Theoretical computer science
    Glossary
    Index
    APIs
    Code Snippets
    About This eBook ePUB is an open, industry-standard format for eBooks. However, support of ePUB and its many features varies across reading devices and applications. Use your device or app settings to customize the presentation to your liking. Settings that you can customize often include font, font size, single or double column, landscape or portrait mode, and figures that you can click or tap to enlarge. For additional information about the settings and features on your reading device or app, visit the device manufacturer’s Web site. Many titles include programming code or configuration examples. To optimize the presentation of these elements, view the eBook in single-column, landscape mode and adjust the font size to the smallest setting. In addition to presenting code and configurations in the reflowable text format, we have included images of the code that mimic the presentation found in the print book; therefore, where the reflowable format may compromise the presentation of the code listing, you will see a “Click here to view code image” link. Click the link to view the print-fidelity code image. To return to the previous page viewed, click the Back button on your device or app. 2
    Introduction to Programming in Python An Interdisciplinary Approach Robert Sedgewick Kevin Wayne Robert Dondero Princeton University New York • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City 3
    Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at corpsales@pearsoned.com or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact governmentsales@pearsoned.com. For questions about sales outside the United States, please contact international@pearsoned.com. Visit us on the Web: informit.com/aw Library of Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sedgewick, Robert, 1946- Introduction to programming in Python : an interdisciplinary approach / Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne, Robert Dondero. pages cm Includes indexes. ISBN 978-0-13-407643-0 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 0-13-407643-5 1. Python (Computer program language) 2. Computer programming. I. Wayne, Kevin Daniel, 1971- II. Dondero, Robert. III. Title. QA76.73.P98S43 2015 005.13’3—dc23 2015011936 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 200 Old Tappan Road, Old Tappan, New Jersey 07675, or you may fax your request to 236-3290. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-407643-0 ISBN-10: 0-13-407643-5 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Edwards Brothers Malloy in Ann Arbor, Michigan. 4
    First printing, June 2015 5
    To Adam, Andrew, Brett, Robbie, Henry, Iona, Rose, Peter, and especially Linda To Jackie and Alex To my family, especially Ellen and Meghan 6
    Contents Preface 1—Elements of Programming 1.1 Your First Program 1.2 Built-in Types of Data 1.3 Conditionals and Loops 1.4 Arrays 1.5 Input and Output 1.6 Case Study: Random Web Surfer 2—Functions and Modules 2.1 Defining Functions 2.2 Modules and Clients 2.3 Recursion 2.4 Case Study: Percolation 3—Object-Oriented Programming 3.1 Using Data Types 3.2 Creating Data Types 3.3 Designing Data Types 3.4 Case Study: N-Body Simulation 4—Algorithms and Data Structures 4.1 Performance 4.2 Sorting and Searching 4.3 Stacks and Queues 4.4 Symbol Tables 4.5 Case Study: Small-World Phenomenon Context Glossary Index 7
    Programs Elements of Programming Your First Program 1.1.1 Hello, World 1.1.2 Using a command-line argument Built-in Types of Data 1.2.1 String concatenation example 1.2.2 Integer operators 1.2.3 Float operators 1.2.4 Quadratic formula 1.2.5 Leap year Conditionals and Loops 1.3.1 Flipping a fair coin 1.3.2 Your first loop 1.3.3 Computing powers of 2 1.3.4 Your first nested loops 1.3.5 Harmonic numbers 1.3.6 Newton’s method 1.3.7 Converting to binary 1.3.8 Gambler’s ruin simulation 1.3.9 Factoring integers Arrays 1.4.1 Sampling without replacement 1.4.2 Coupon collector simulation 1.4.3 Sieve of Eratosthenes 1.4.4 Self-avoiding random walks Input and Output 1.5.1 Generating a random sequence 1.5.2 Interactive user input 1.5.3 Averaging a stream of numbers 1.5.4 A simple filter 1.5.5 Standard input to drawing filter 1.5.6 Function graph 1.5.7 Bouncing ball 8
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