( )
f x
lim
n
(
n
2
nx
1)
x
1
( )
f x
x
( )
y x
x
y
3
3
t
t
3
t
3
t
1
1
y
( )
y x
x
1
dx
2 1
x x
z
( ,
z x y
)
2
x
3
z
z
e
2
y
(
y
3
x dx
)
2
xdy
0
xy
1
6
5
3 z
x
z
y
A
2 1 0
1 2 0
0 0 1
B
E
B
ABA
2
BA
E
A
A
x
0
x
0
cos
2
t dt
2
x
0
tan
t dt
0
sinx
3
t dt
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
( )
f x
x
(1
x
)
x
0
( )
f x
(0, 0)
y
( )
f x
x
0
( )
f x
(0, 0)
y
( )
f x
1
25
x
0
( )
f x
x
0
( )
f x
(0, 0)
(0, 0)
y
( )
f x
y
( )
f x
lim ln
n
n
(1
1
n
2
) (1
2
n
2
)
(1
2
n
)
n
2
1
2
2
ln xdx
2
1
ln(1
)x dx
( )
f x
2
2
1
ln (1
2
2
1
ln xdx
)x dx
f
(0) 0
0
( )
f x
(0,
)
( )
f x
(
, 0)
x
)
(0,
( )
f x
f
(0)
x
(
, 0)
( )
f x
f
(0)
y
y
x
2 1 sin
x
y
ax
2
bx
c
(
x A
sin
x B
cos )
x
y
(
x ax
2
bx
c A
sin
x B
cos )
x
y
ax
y
ax
2
2
bx
c A
sin
x
bx
c A
cos
( )
f u
D
x
( ,
x y x
)
2
2
y
2
y
(
f xy dxdy
)
D
(
f xy dy
)
2
2
(
f xy dx
)
2
y y
2
0
dy
0
2sin
d
0
0
B
2
(
f r
sin cos )
rdr
B
C
2
2
1
x
dx
1
x
2sin
d
0
1
1
0
A
AQ C
2
(
f r
sin cos )
dr
A
Q
2
25
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 0 1
A B
A
A
A
A
0 1 0
1 0 1
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
0 1 1
0 1 1
1 0 0
0 0 1
AB
0
B
B
B
B
1
lim
3
x
0
x
x
2 cos
3
x
1
( )
f x
,
[0, 2]
( )
f x
(
x x
2
4)
x
( )
f x
(
k f x
2)
k
( )
f x
[ 2, 0]
k
( )
f x
x
0
( )
f x
2
x
x
sin
t dt
( )
f x
( )
f x
3
25
y
x
e
x
e
2
x
0,
x
(
t t
0)
y
0
x
( )V t
( )S t
x
t
( )F t
( )
S t
( )
V t
lim
t
( )
S t
( )
F t
e a b e
2
2
ln
b
ln
2
a
4
2
e
(
b a
)
4
25
9000kg
700
km h
/
k
6.0 10
6
kg
/km h
z
2
(
f x
2
y
,
e
)xy
f
z
x
,
z
y
,
2
z
x y
(1
2
x
1
3
x
1
4
x
1
)
a x
1
(2
3
x
2
4
x
2
x
2
)
a x
2
(3
4
x
3
a
x
3
2
x
3
)
a x
3
(4
0,
x
4
2
x
4
3
x
4
)
a x
4
0,
0,
0,
1
2
1 4
1
a
3
3
5
a
A
5
25
( )
f x
( )
f x
( )
f x
lim
n
(
n
2
nx
1)
x
1
x
0
( ) 0
f x
x
0
( )
f x
lim
n
(
n
2
nx
1)
x
1
lim
n
(1
2
x
1
n
)
x
1
n
2
lim(1
n
lim
n
x
x
1
n
)
x
1
n
x
2
x
1
x
( )
f x
0,
1 ,
x
x
0
x
0
lim ( )
f x
x
0
lim
0
x
1
x
f
(0)
x
0
( )
f x
x
y
( )
x t
( )
y t
2
d y
2
dx
2
d y
2
dx
0
x
dy
dt
dy
dx
3
t
3
t
1
2
3
t
3
dy dt
dx dt
2
2
3
t
3
t
3
3
2
2
t
t
2
t
dx
dt
1
1
3
t
3
t
1
2
3
t
3
1 1 1
2
1
t
1
2
1
2
t
2
d y
2
dx
d dy dt
dt dx dx
1
2
t
2
1
1
2
1)
3(
t
4
t
2
1
2
t
1
2
1)
3(
t
4
t
2
3
1)
3(
t
2
d y
2
dx
0
2
d y
2
dx
0
4
t
2
3
1)
3(
t
0
4
t
2
3
1)
3(
t
0
t
0
t
0
x
3 3
t
t
1
x
23
t
3 0
x t
t
0
1x
t
0
x t
x
0
1
t
0
x t
x
0
1
x
(
,1)
x
(
,1]
6
25
2
2
x
sec
t
2
x
1 sec
2
t
1 tan
2
t
dx
d
sec
t
sec tan
t
tdt
t
: 0
2
1
dx
2
x x
1
x
sec
t
2
0
sec
sec
t
t
tan
tan
t
t
dt
dt
2
2
0
x
1
t
dx
d
1
t
1
2
t
dt
:1
t
0
1
dx
2
x x
1
x
1
t
0
1
t
1
2
t
1
(
1
2
t
)
dt
1
0
1
1
2
t
dt
arcsin
t
1
0
2
z
e
2
x
3
z
2
y
z
x
z
x
e
2
x
3 (2 3
z
z
x
)
x
2
2
e
1 3
e
3
z
2
x
3
z
z
y
z
y
z
,x y
x y
z
y
) 2
e
2
x
3 ( 3
z
2
2
1 3 x
e
3
z
3 z
x
z
y
3
x
2
2
e
1 3
e
3
z
2
x
3
z
2
2
1 3
e
2
x
3
z
1 3
e
1 3
e
2
x
3
z
2
x
3
z
2
, )
F x y z
( ,
e
2
x
3
z
2
y
z
0
F e
x
2
x
3 2
z
2F
y
F e
z
2
x
3 ( 3) 1
z
z
x
z
y
F
x
F
y
F
z
F
z
z
2
3
x
e
(1 3
e
2
2
3
x
z
)
2
2
e
1 3
e
x
3
z
2
x
3
z
2
(1 3
e
2
x
3
z
)
2
2
1 3
e
x
3
z
3 z
x
z
y
3
x
2
2
e
1 3
e
3
z
2
x
3
z
2
2
1 3
e
2
x
3
z
1 3
e
1 3
e
2
x
3
z
2
x
3
z
2
7
25
dz
e
2
x
3 (2
z
dx
3 ) 2
dz
dy
2
x
3
z
2
e
dx
2
dy
3
e
2
x
3
z
dz
(1 3
e
2
x
3
z
)
dz
2
e
2
x
3
z
dx
2
dy
dz
x
2
2
e
1 3
e
3
z
2
x
3
z
dx
2
2
1 3
e
dy
x
3
z
z
x
2
2
e
1 3
e
x
3
z
2
x
3
z
z
y
2
2
1 3 x
e
3
z
x
2
2
e
1 3
e
3
z
2
x
3
z
2
2
1 3
e
2
x
3
z
1 3
e
1 3
e
2
x
3
z
2
x
3
z
2
3 z
x
z
y
3
y
31
x
5
x
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
y
1
y
2
x
1
2
x
1
2
x
1
2
y
2
x
0
dx
ln
y
1
2
ln
x
ln
c
y
c x
y
( )
c x
x
y
( )
c x
x
( )
c x
dy
dx
1
2
x
y
1
2
2
x
( )
c x
x
( )
c x
1
2
x
1
2
x
( )
c x
x
1
2
2
x
( )
c x
( )
c x
3
x dx
2
1
2
5
2
x
1
5
C
1
2
x
3
21
x
2
xy
1
6
5
y
x
dy
dx
y
C
1
(
x
5
21
x
5
31
1
5
6
5
C
)
C x
1
5
3
x
1C
1
2
2
x
8
25
31
x
5
1
2
x
y