2019浙江杭州师范大学二外英语考研真题.doc

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2019 浙江杭州师范大学二外英语考研真题 Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）(2×10=20 points) Part I Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. For questions 1 - 7, mark Y (for YES) N (for NO) passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; if the statement contradicts the information given in the if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Highs and Lows in Self-Esteem No one in the Gould family of Westlake Village, California, was surprised by a study suggesting a person’s age and stage of life may have a bigger impact on self-esteem than we ever realized. A study of about 350 000 people likens a person’s self-esteem across the human lifespan to a roller coaster ride, starting with an inflated sense of self-approval in late childhood that plunges in adolescence. Self-esteem rises steadily through adulthood, only to drop to its lowest point ever in old age. “I’ve gone through pretty much all of those cycles,” Fred Gould said. At 60, he’s edging toward retirement. Fred’s wife Eileen, 46, is a businesswoman in the throes of mid-adulthood and, according to the study, predisposed to a healthy self-regard. At 21, the Goulds’ son, Jeff, has just launched that heady climb into adulthood and a buoyant self-regard after an adolescence fraught with the usual perils of self-doubt and hormonal warfare. His sister, Aly, 17, disagrees with a lot of the study, believing instead that each individual has an intrinsic sense of self-esteem that remains relatively constant. But she does agree that adolescence can give even the most solid sense of self-esteem a sound battering. “As a teenager, I can definitely speak for all of us when I say we bag on ourselves.” Aly said. The Study The drop in self-esteem in adolescence was no surprise to Richard Robins, a psychology professor at the University of California at Davis, who spearheaded the study, but “the drop in old age is a little bit more novel,” he said. Specifically, Robins was intrigued by the similarities in self-esteem levels between those entering adolescence and old age. “There is an accumulation of losses occurring all at once both in old age and adolescence,” he suggested. “There is a critical mass of transition going on.” Those answering the survey ranged in age from 9 to 90. They participated in the survey by logging onto a Web site during a period between 1999 and 2000. About three-quarters were Caucasian, the rest a mixture of people of Asian, black, Latino and Middle-Eastern descent. Most were from the United States. The survey simply asked people to agree or strongly disagree---on a five point scale---with the statement: “I see myself as someone who has high self-esteem.”

Everybody is an individual, Robins stressed, so self-esteem can be affected by a number of things that are biological, social, and situational, but there are certain passages that all of us face—and each passage can have a powerful effect on our sense of self. “With kids, their feelings about themselves are often based on relatively superficial information,” Robins explained. “As we get older, we base our self-esteem on actual achievements and feedback from other people.” Overall, the study indicated that women do not fare as well as men in self-esteem—a difference particularly marked in adolescence. “During adolescence, girls’ self-esteem dropped about twice as much as boys’,” Robins said, perhaps at least partially because of society’s heavy emphasis on body image for girls. Add one negative life event to all of this turmoil, and a teenager’s delicate self-esteem can crumble. Emerging into Adulthood Eileen remembered having fairly high self-esteem from ages 12 to 16. She had been very ill as a child, so the teen years were a time for her to blossom. Then, her mother died when she was 17, and her self-esteem bottomed out. “I was like, ‘What do I do ? How do I handle this?’” Eileen remembered. Eileen was 22 when she married Fred, an event that coincided with the beginning of her adult years—and an upswing in her self-esteem. Like many adults, Eileen gained her senses of competence and continuity, both of which can contribute to the rise in self-esteem during the adult years, Robins said. Even if there is divorce or some other form of chaos, there has been a change in our ability to cope, he said. We learn with experience. Fred is aware that his sense of self-esteem may be vulnerable when he retires. “I’m concerned about keeping my awareness level,” he said. “Am I going to be aware of the social scene? Of things more global? Am I going to be able to read and keep up with everything?” Seniors do tend to experience a drop in self-esteem when they get into their 70s, the study says—but not always. This is enigmatic to Robins. “When we look at things like general well-being, the evidence is mixed about what happens in old age,” he said. Some people experience a tremendous loss of self-esteem, whereas others maintain their sense of well-being right through old age. Others are not as lucky. Whereas adolescents lose their sense of childhood omnipotence, seniors experience another kind of loss. Retirement comes at about the same time seniors may begin to lose loved ones, their health, their financial status, or their sense of competence. Suddenly, someone who was so in charge may become withdrawn, sullen and depressed. Their self-esteem may plummet. Robins hopes the study will make us more aware of the times when our self-esteem can be in jeopardy. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A person’s self-esteem is high during childhood. A person’s self-esteem does not change during adolescence. All people experience the lowest self-esteem during old age. The people in the study were mostly Asian. Our self-esteem is affected by several factors.

Our self-esteem is most delicate when we are adults. Older people’s self-esteem always drops when they get into their 70s. The participants of the survey ranged in age from 9 to _______. According to Robins, self-esteem can be affected by a number of things that 6. 7. 8. 9. are___________. 10. The purpose of the study is to __________________________________________________. Part II Directions: Choose the best answer you think fit to fill in the gaps of each sentence with the items given. Please write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Vocabulary and Structure (1×30=30 points) 11 After three months in space, the astronauts were glad to see_____________ again. A) 12 Every moment became ______________ when we heard that she was going to die. C) trees D) land B) air house A) precious B) dear C) expensive D) significant 13 There’s a(n)___________ high up in the wall---you’ll find a key hidden in it. A) board B) peg C) opening D) nail 14 The visits to the United States of America and other foreign countries certainly broadened our ____________. A) sight B) perception C) eyesight D) horizon 15 In the ________ of any evidence, the police had to let Anders go. （loss, lack, missing, refusal A) loss B) absence C) missing D) lack 16 An important _____________ of Van Gogh’s paintings is their bright colors. A) 17 Doctors work _____________ long hours, sometimes over eighty hours in one week. D) certification C) qualification B) feature trace A) incredibly B) considerately C) inaccessibly D) inavoidably 18 If you’re worried about this change of career, why don’t you talk it ____________ with your family? A) over B) up C) through D) away 19 A large ____________of children in the school come from single-parent families. A) variety B) amount C) percent D) percentage 20 __________ of the workforce is always the quickest way of cutting costs. A) Conduction B) Induction C) Reduction D) Production 21 If you can’t ___________ your dog from biting people you must lock it up. A) refrain B) control C) restrain D) command 22 His decision to cancel the concert will ____________ his fans. A) disappoint B) frustrate C) annoy D) irritate 23 The surgeon was reluctant to ___________ the operation on someone so young. A) make B) perform C) take D) commit 24 An individual bird can ____________ the call of its own species. A) perceive B) identify C) realize D) hear 25 Both writing and speech require context to make ___________ of what might otherwise be ambiguous.

A) sense B) awareness C) vision D) sight 26 Shakespeare’s plays tell us a lot about ______________ life, i.e. the life of the 16th century. A) medieval B) modern C) temporary D) contemporary 27 I made a __________ to give up chocolate. A) judgement B) improvement C) solution D) resolution 28 What __________ of dog is that? I’ve never seen one like it before. A) breed B) bleed C) brand D) band 29 The human body ___________ energy in the form of carbohydrates. A) resumes B) assumes C) consumes D) presumes 30 When I phoned to ____________ my flight, I was told there was a strike at the airport. A) confirm B) conform C) inform D) reform 31 The ___________ of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives. A) ignorance B) short C) failure D) absence 32 The town center has changed _________ all recognition. A) before B) beyond C) after D) over 33 __________ helping the situation, you’ve just made it even worse. A) As long as B) So far as C) But for D) Far from 34 The score could have been higher __________ some excellent goalkeeping by Simon. A) except for B) but for C) far from D) as long as 35 We oppose any plans to cut back __________ the education investment. On/down/off/away A) away B) down C) off D) on 36 She is someone who will listen and make me feel _______________. A) understood B) understanding C) understand D) misunderstood 37 “This is your captain speaking. We are due to take _____________ in five minutes. A)over B) away C) off D) up 38 You’d better tone ____________ the more offensive remarks. A) away B) over C) down D) on 39 Some actresses like to be surrounded by a crowd of people all the time, while others ________ on their own instead. A) might as well be B) would rather be C) had better be D) have got to be 40 A calculator makes it easy to figure gas mileage, sales taxes, and ______________. A) what’s your bank balance C) your bank balance B) to figure your bank balance D) figuring your bank balance Part III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）(1.5×20=30 points) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write down the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 41 to 50 are based on the following passage. An American professor learned the hard way that people in different cultures can have very different ideas about being on time. In the United States, being__41__for meetings and classes is very important. Being late is unacceptable __42__. It is considered very__43__. At the very least, you are expected to __44__or say “I’m sorry.” However, when the professor taught in Brazil, students acted very differently. Some students walked into his class more than an hour late. The students __45__ him, but they did not seem sorry to be late. The professor explained the difference between formal and __46__situations and asked the students what would be considered late in Brazilian culture. He wanted to __47__ more about the behavior of the Brazilian people. He learned that in Brazil, it is acceptable for a person to arrive or stay late. In __48__, Brazilians expect that successful people with high status or __49__will arrive late. In time, the professor was able to __50__his own behavior so that he would feel comfortable in his new surroundings. Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives. Aleem Walji works for Google.org —the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, Google.org will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats. Google.org’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says Google.org wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth.

Google.org will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars. The creators of Google have promised to give Google.org about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future. 51. The purpose of Google’s investments is to ________. A) help poor people B) develop new technology C) expand its own business D) increase the power of information 52. According to Aleem Walji, the company’s first project is to ________. A) set up a new system to warn people of infectious diseases B) find out where infectious diseases develop C) identify the causes of infectious diseases D) cure patients of infectious diseases 53. What kind of businesses will benefit from Google.org’s second project? A) large enterprises B) cross-national companies C) foreign-funded corporations D) small and medium-sized businesses 54. From the fourth paragraph, we learn that Google’s money is also invested to help ________. A) start more research programs B) make more advanced electric cars C) develop renewable and coal-based energy D) conduct studies related to climate changes 55. From the last paragraph we learn that the investments by Google.org come from ________. A) Google’s profits and stock value B) some international IT companies C) the company’s own interests D) local commercial banks Passage Two Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands. Some bosses are hard to get along with. Some have excellent qualifications but no idea when it comes to dealing with people. Of course, not all bosses are like that. The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the career ladder. Your boss is not only your leader, he is also the person best equipped to help you do the job you are paid to do. He can inform you of company directions that may affect your professional development. Your boss also needs you to perform at your best in order to accomplish his

objectives. He needs your feedback in order to provide realistic and useful reports to upper management. But how does this help you establish a meaningful working relationship with your boss? The key is communication. Learn and understand his goals and priorities. Observe and understand your boss’s work style. If he has not been clear with his expectations, ask! Likewise, ask for feedback and accept criticism gracefully. And if he understands that you do not view your job as just something to fill the hours between 9 and 5, he may be more likely to help you. In short, getting along with your boss requires getting to know his likes and dislikes and learning to work with his personality and management style. 56. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________. A) bosses are hard to deal with B) bosses have good character C) bosses determine your career future D) bosses must have similar personality 57. In the second paragraph, “rise up the career ladder” (Line 2) means ________. A) going to work abroad B) changing jobs frequently C) being promoted in position D) pursuing an advanced degree 58. In order to achieve his objectives, your boss expects that you will ________. A) do your best in your work B) show your management skills C) get along with your colleagues D) write reports to upper management 59. The most important factor for establishing a good working relationship with the boss is ________ . A) high expectations B) quick feedback C) frequent criticism D) effective communication 60. The best title for the passage might be ________. A) How to Take Care Of Your Boss. B) How to Get Along with Your Boss C) How to Accept Your Boss’s Criticism D) How to Accomplish Your Boss’s Objective Part IV Cloze (0.5×20=10 points) Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Many years ago a friend whom I knew fairly well but not intimately came unexpectedly to see me. I sensed at once that she was serious trouble, but being young, shy and afraid of seeming intrusive, I made no 63 . I held her at arm’s length. We talked of weather, mutual friends, news, 61 62 to help her unburden

68 74 79 80 C) over D) by 70 72 77 64 66 73 76 sympathy and help. by seas of reserve and so-called . And it compels us, in our turn, to much of this tight-lipped endurance. I am not of helplessness and our own silence, to make from what was so vitally concerning unsuccessfully—to commit suicide. I realized I had shut the door in the face of a desperate need etc. We drifted further and further her. That night she tried— 65 then that at a critical 67 This near tragedy brought me up sharp against a problem that us all: we often realize that behind the calm façade of a friend’s life are grieves and 69 we shrink from touching, which are only revealed to us by chance flashes of self-betrayal. This knowledge creates in us a 71 ourselves little islands of loneliness pride. I think we have made silent courage, but I think that the some extent, the cause for the alarming increase burdens, unshared, become too to bear. We must keep our own doors us it can find shelter and so 61. A) at 62. A) affect 63. 64. 65. A) fortunately 66. A) risk B) danger 67. A) of 68. 69. 70. A) sensibility 71. A) deficiency 72. A) make 73. A) separating 75 has been overvalued. It may be, to mental breakdowns. Our 78 so that grief can feel instinctively that with C) in C) afford C) hers D) her own C) sanity C) efficiency D) keep C) isolating C) confronts anxiety C) anxious B) with B) effort B) herself C) with D) into takes A) her A) away B) off B) sensitivity B) sufficiency happiness can be sure of welcome. A) gets B) A) anxieties D) anxiously D) sense C) unfortunate D) fortunate C) period D) moment B) unfortunately B) take C) break B) insulating D) on D) effect D) insufficiency D) surrounded B)for B) D) faces up to B) of C) too B) far D) ever A) silence B) demanding B) courage C) in D) praising D) tolerance C) complaining C) endurance 74. A) so 75. A) blaming 76. 77. A) on 78. A) light 79. A) shut B) close 80. Part V Translation (2×5=10 points) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases in brackets. Then write the corresponding sentence on the Answer Sheet. D) over C) responsible D) shared D) tight C) that D) what B) heavy B) which C) open A) far 81 海边长大的同学爱吃海鲜，而西部来的同学喜欢牛肉和羊肉。 82 现在他们之间的了解多了一些，他们相处得就好些了。（now that）

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