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2005年中央党校考博英语题.doc
2005 年中央党校博士研究生入学英语考试试卷
注意：请按要求把 1-75 题的答案填在机读卡（Answer Sheet A）上；把听力部分 Section C、B1-B10 题的答案、翻译和作文
写在答题纸（Answer Sheet B）上。
听力部分：
I Listening Comprehension (20 points) 考博网 kaobo.net
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversation. At the end of each conversation, a question will be
asked about what was said. Each conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be
a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best
answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A with a single line through the center.
1.
A. The man has more work to do on his paper than Edward on his.
B. The man himself will speak to Edward about his research paper.
C. The man has been talking to Edward about his paper.
D. The man has finished more than half of his research paper.
A. 64
2.
3.
A. Getting extra credits.
B. 70
C. 85
D. 31
B. The credit hours required for an M.A. degree.
C. The requirements of an M.A. thesis.
D. Taking more selected courses.
4.
A. At the airport.
B. In a travel agency.
C. In a hotel.
D. At the reception desk.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
A. He is still being treated in the hospital.
B. He’ll rest at home for another two weeks.
C. He returned to work last week.
D. He has had an operation.
A. They were both busy doing their own work.
B. They went to the street corner at different places.
C. They waited for each other at different places.
D. The man went to the concert but the woman didn’t
A. He didn’t clean the lab.
B. His roommate is messy.
C. He needs to clean the lab.
D. He helped the man clean his apartment.
A. Find out when the new job begins.
B. Make more copies of the letter.
C. Ask for an extension to apply for the job.
D. Get a more recent reference letter.
A. Her back hurt during the meeting.
B. His support would have helped this afternoon.
C. Her proposal should be sent back.
D. She agreed that it was a good meeting.
10.
A. The man should buy the picture at once.
B. The man should live only with 10 dollars a month.
C. The man should ask mother for more money.
D. The man should not buy the picture.
Section B
Directions: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A with a single line through
the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.
A. One sixth of them are seriously polluted. 考博网 kaobo.net
B. One third of them are seriously polluted.
C. Half of them are seriously polluted.
D. Most of them are seriously polluted.
12.
A. There was no garbage left to clean up.
B. There was more garbage than before and they had to work harder.
C. The river had become so clean that a lot of water-birds come back.
D. The river was much cleaner and they had to search for garbage.
13.
A. Most of them would be indifferent and keep on throwing garbage into the river.
B. They would join the students in changing the situation.
C. They would become more aware of the pollution problem.
D. They would think twice before they went swimming or fishing in the river.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14.
A. They are usually cleverer.
B. They get tired easily.
C. They are more likely to make minor mental errors.
D. They are more skillful in handling equipment.
15.
A. It had its limitations.
B. Its results were regarded as final.
C. It was supported by the government.
D. It was not sound theoretically.
16.
A. Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.
B. The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.
C. The problem of their getting excited easily.
D. Their slowness in responding.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17.
A. Because people might have to migrated there someday.
B. Because it is very much like the earth.
C. Because it is easier to explore than other planets.
D. Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.
18.
A. Its chemical elements must be studied.
B. Its temperature must be lowered.
C. Big spaceships must be built.
D. Its atmosphere must be changed.
19.
A. It influences the surface temperature of Mars.
B. It protects living beings from harmful rays.
C. It keeps a planet from overheating.
D. It is the main component of the air people breathe.
20.
A. Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.
B. Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.
C. Man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years’ time.
D. Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.
Section C
(注意：请将此题写在答题纸上)
Directions: In this section, you’ll hear a short passage. Some important words have been taken away from the written
passage. Fill in the missing words. The passage will be read to you twice. There will be a pause after the first time.
During the pause you should check what you have written down. And then you will listen to it again. Write your answers
on Answer Sheet B. write one word in each blank.
To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain and professional qualities. 考博网 kaobo.net
You need to create a good
1
in the limited time available, usually from 30 to 40 minutes. Furthermore, you must
make a
2
impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other
3
. At all times, you
should present your most attractive
4
during an interview. You should, for example, to take care to appear
well-groomed and modestly dressed, avoiding the
5
of too elaborate or too casual. On the other hand, clothes
which are too informal may
6
the impression that you are not serious about the job or that you may be casual
about your work as well as your dress. The right clothes worn at the right time, however, gain the respect of the interviewer
and his confidence in your
7
. It may not be true that “clothes make the man”, but the first and often the
lasting impression of you is
8
by the clothes you wear. Besides care for personal appearance, you should pay
close attention to your manner of speaking. You should reflect confidence in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard.
Although there are culture differences with respect of
9
of the job interview, your speech must show you to be
a friendly
10
person.
Section D (注意：此题在答题纸上)
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. The passage will be spoken twice. The answer questions B1, B2,
B3, and B4 in English on Answer Sheet B.
B1. Which countries are the most popular package holiday destinations?
B2. Why have long-haul holidays become more popular in Britain?
B3. About how many travel agencies are there in Britain?
B4. What does “package holiday” cover?
笔试部分：（注意：请继续使用机读卡答题）
II. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C,
and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.
21. The advertising industry has resorted to self-regulation in a serious effort to
not only bad taste
but also misrepresentation and deception in copy and illustrations.
A. abbreviate
curtail
B. abrogate
D. discern
C.
22. If the check does not cover the full amount of your medical expense, mail the Medicare Explanation of Benefits (MEOB)
to your carrier in order to receive
for the balance of your expense.
A. endowment
reciprocation
B. indorse
D. reimbursement
C.
23. For some of the more powerful states, these inter-governmental bureaucracies are also welcome
to the
authority of the sated, so that a very real symbiosis exists between the national bureaucracy and the international one.
A. adjacency
adjournment
D. adjuncts
B. adjustments
C.
24. As soon as she saw him enter the room she
him and insisted that he join her for dinner.
A. bore down
out
B. bore down on
C. bore
D. bore up
25. There have been a few powerful political organizations that have operated not just
One country but
national borders.
A. in …in
within …across
B. in … at
考博网 kaobo.net
C.
D. out of…in
26. Even though the Italian authorities may no longer
any old bank that gets into trouble, the likelihood
of government support for big banks has not changed enough to affect its ratings.
A. bail out
over
B. hang up
D. lash out
C. knock
27. Politics is to include all activities
others are persuaded or coerced to collaborate in the achievement
of aims designated and desired by another.
A. by which
B. at which
C. in which
D. of which
28.
the structural imbalances in the budget, and also in the economy the Administration has given its support
to a constitutional amendment.
A. To relinquish
B. To remedy
C. Redressing
for
D. Compensating to
29. Reasoning powers can deteriorate; people may begin to think irrationally; they may begin to feel that others are
slyly poking fun at them, or being
.
A. condescending or patronizing
B. condescended or patronized
C. condescend and patronizing
D. condescended and patronized
30. Men
ambition is the leading passion are likely to love women who assist them in their career, and it
would be very shallow psychology to suppose that the love is not real because it has its instinctive root in self-interest.
A. of whom
B. in whose
C. in whom
D. with whom
31. This involves not only the introduction of new practices into a system, but their consolidation and continuation
after the first enthusiastic impulse has
.
A. worn away
B. worn down
C. worn off
D. worn out
32. Although her research topic had been approved by her thesis advisor, the library persisted
The documents.
A. in its denial for access on
C. to deny her access to
B. in denying her access to
D. with denying her access for
33. Clearly, “getting prices right” and the “free” and “unhindered” flow of goods and services within and between
countries are proving to be more difficult than
.
A. were once anticipated
C. was once anticipated
B. are once anticipated
D. is once anticipated
34. Although there was not a deliberate effort to discriminate
sex, it was clear that the opportunities
for girls to take CDT or for boys to take home economics were severely limited by the way the curriculum was organized.
A. to
of
B. from
考博网 kaobo.net
C. in favor
D. on the grounds of
35. The diffusion of power among so many governments, and from them to non-state authorities makes it more difficult
for policy-makers to take
.
A. the long, more social and economical enlightened view
B. the long, more socially and economically enlightened view
C. the long, more social and economical enlightening view
D. the long, more socially and economically enlightening view
Ⅲ. Cloze (10 points)
Directions: For each of the blanks, there are four choices given marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best fits
the blank and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.
Impatience characterizes young intellectual worker. They want to make their mark fast. So it’s important
to
36
them in a challenging manner the idea
37
big achievements rarely come easily and quickly. Point
out that the little successes are
38
. Show that they
39
become the foundation on which reputations are
built and
40
more important tasks can be accomplished.
A variety of job assignments, including job or project rotation, also keep a job from becoming
dull.
41
it’s natural for some individuals to want to move ahead immediately to more difficult
assignments,
42
proper guidance they can continue to learn and to gain
43
by working on a number of jobs
that are essentially
44
. This way they gain breadth, if
45
.
Probably the greatest offense to
46
when dealing with younger specialists is to reject
ideas
47
. You must listen---and listen objectively---to their suggestions. Avoid
48
overcritical. You
want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. You’ll
49
quickly if you revert
50
“We’ve
tried that before and it won’t work here.”
One sure way to
51
young college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents. Expect them to do
some routine work, of course. But don’t make their daily work just one long series of errands. This includes such break-in
assignments
52
performing routine calculations, digging up reference material, and operating reproduction
equipment. One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of promising engineers who
53
them.
The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company
54
did not offer work that was challenging
but also expected
55
little from them in the way of performance.
B. get across to
C. get
D. get into
B. what
C. that
B. unimportant
D. essential
B. in
C. on time
B. from which
D. for that
B.
C. Because
B.
C.
D. in
B. importance
D. knowledge
考博网
D. how
C.
D. at present
C. in
D. But
C.
B. of the same complexity
D.
C. the same
D. guard on
C. in
36. A. get down to
at
37. A. to which
kaobo.net
38. A. valueless
rare
39. A. in turn
future
40. A. on which
which
41. A. Whereas
When
42. A. for
on
under
43. A. reputation
versatility
height
46. A. guard
at
47. A. out of hand
hand
48. A. to
being
too
49. A. frustrate
it
50. A. that
that
51. A. disenchant
fascinate
52. A. such as
for
e.g.
53. A. would have left
left
A. of the same
44.
quality
C. the
same
different
45. A. the same width
B. not length
D. not depth
B. guard
C. guard against
B. at hand
D. on hand
D. \
B.
C.
B. frustrate
C. be frustrate
D. be frustrated
B. often
C. too often that
D. too often to
B. enchant
D. detract
B. as
C.
D. as
B. have left
D. will leave
C.
C. had
54. A. \
only
either
55. A. much
too
Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Section A
B.
C.
D. not only
B. far
C. a
D. more
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.
For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Your should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet A.
Passage 1
A famous Native American proverb tells us “We should not judge another person until we have walked two moons
in his moccasins.” Our next suggestion for improvement is about “wearing those moccasins.” That is, we need to develop
empathy---be able to see things from the point of view of others. Many researchers in the area of interpersonal and
intercultural competence believe that our success as communicators depends, to a large extent, on our “skill at
establishing and maintaining desired identities for both self and others.” “Identities” are actually the pictures
of ourselves and the other person that we hold in our heads. We use these pictures I two ways. First, our identities
help us to define the messages we receive from others; and second, they assist us in selecting the most appropriate message
to send to another person. We have already discussed knowing ourselves; our focus now is on our need to develop empathy
(emotional identification) and role-taking (cognitive adaptation) competence so that we can better know and adjust to
the other person.
Before we begin our discussion of empathy and role taking, we need to restate two important ideas. First,
as with so much of our counsel, we are again faced with a skill that is easier to talk about than to put into practice.
The fact remains that however similar we may appear to be, there is something distinctive and unique about each of us.
Our internal states are elusive and fleeting, and we know them only as distorted shadows. Knowing the other person, and
predicting his or her reactions and needs, is a difficult and troublesome activity. And when we add the dimension of
culture, we compound the problem.
Second, although we have focused primarily on culture, we also are concerned with the “interpersonal
aspects” of intercultural communication. Perhaps the interpersonal dimension of communication is most evident in the
area of empathy. As Miller and Steinberg noted, “To communicate interpersonally, one must heave the cultural and
sociological levels of predications and psychically travel to the psychological level.” Simply put, empathy, while using
knowledge about another’s culture to make predications, also demands that the point of analysis be the individual
personality.
A number of behaviors can keep us from understanding the feelings, thoughts, and motives of another
person---regardless of his or her culture. Before we look at some of the ways to improve our role-taking skills, it might
be helpful to examine a few characteristics that can impede empathy.
56. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. Develop Empathy
B. Importance of Empathy
C. Importance of Identities
D. Relationship between Interpersonal Competence and Intercultural Communication
57. Why do we need to develop empathy according to the passage?
A. In order to have a better self identification
B. In order to improve our role-taking skills
C. In order to make better predications
D. In order to understand better and adapt ourselves to the other person
58. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. In order to communicate successfully, we should learn to see things from the point of view of others.
B. To establish identities for both self and others is easier said than done.
C. It’s easier to understand another culture than to know the other person and predict his or her reactions and needs.
D. The individual personality is an important factor in the area of empathy.
59. In line 5 in the second paragraph, the word “elusive” could be replaced by “________” .
A. distracting and diverse
B. hard to comprehend or identify
C. hard to control
D. tending to disappear
60. A paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss ________ .
A. Establishing and Maintaining Desired Identities
B. How to Improve Role – Taking Skills
C. Hindrances to Empathy
D. Improving Empathy
Passage 2
The conflict between good and evil is a common theme running through the great literature and drama of the world,
from the time of the ancient Greeks to all the present. The principle that conflict is the heart of dramatic action when
illustrated by concrete examples, almost always turns up some aspects of the struggle between good and evil.
The idea that there is neither good nor evil – in any absolute moral or religious sense – is widespread in our
times. There are various relativistic and behavioristic standards of ethics. If these standards even admit the distinction
between good and evil, it is a relative matter and not as whirlwind of choices that lies at the center of living. In
any such state of mind, conflict can at best, be only a petty matter, lacking true universality. The acts of the evildoer
and of the virtuous man alike become dramatically neutralized. Imagine the reduced effect of Crime and Punishment or
the Brothers Karamazoc had Dostoevsky thought that good and evil, as portrayed in those books, were wholly relative,
and if he had no conviction about them.
You can’t have a vital literature if you ignore or shun evil. What you get then is the world of Pollyanna, goody-goody
in place of the good. Cry, the Beloved Country is a great and dramatic novel because Alan Paton, in addition to being
a skilled workman, sees with clear eyes both good and evil, differentiates them, pitches them into conflict with each
other, and takes sides. He sees that the native boy Absalom Kumalo, who has been murdered, cannot be judged justly without
taking into account the environment that has had part in shaping him. But Paton sees, too, that Absalom the individual,
not society the abstraction, committed the act and is responsible for it. Mr. Paton understands mercy. He knows that
this precious thing is not evoked by sentimental impulse, but by a searching examination of the realities of human action.
Mercy follows a judgment; it does not precede it.
One of the novels by the talented Paul Bowles, Let It Come Down, is full of motion, full of sensational depravities,
and is a crashing bore. The book recognizes no good, admits no evil, and is coldly indifferent to the moral behavior
of its characters. It is a long shrug. Such a view of life is nondramatic and negates the vital essence of drama.
61. In our age, according to the author, a standpoint often taken in the area of ethics is the ________.
A. relativistic view of morals
B. greater concern with conscience
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