操作系统：原理与实践第一卷.pdf

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Contents

Preface

1 Introduction

2 The Kernel Abstraction

3 The Programming Interface

References

Glossary

About the Authors

Operating Systems Principles & Practice Volume I: Kernels and Processes Second Edition Thomas Anderson University of Washington Mike Dahlin University of Texas and Google Recursive Books recursivebooks.com

Operating Systems: Principles and Practice (Second Edition) Volume I: Kernels and Processes by Thomas Anderson and Michael Dahlin Copyright ©Thomas Anderson and Michael Dahlin, 2011-2015. ISBN 978-0-9856735-3-6 Publisher: Recursive Books, Ltd., http://recursivebooks.com/ Cover: Reflection Lake, Mt. Rainier Cover design: Cameron Neat Illustrations: Cameron Neat Copy editors: Sandy Kaplan, Whitney Schmidt Ebook design: Robin Briggs Web design: Adam Anderson SUGGESTIONS, COMMENTS, and ERRORS. We welcome suggestions, comments and error reports, by email to suggestions@recursivebooks.com Notice of rights. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means — electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise — without the prior written permission of the publisher. For information on getting permissions for reprints and excerpts, contact permissions@recursivebooks.com Notice of liability. The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is" basis, without warranty. Neither the authors nor Recursive Books shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information or instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it. Trademarks: Throughout this book trademarked names are used. Rather than put a trademark symbol in every occurrence of a trademarked name, we state we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner with no intention of infringement of the trademark. All trademarks or service marks are the property of their respective owners.

To Robin, Sandra, Katya, and Adam Tom Anderson To Marla, Kelly, and Keith Mike Dahlin

Contents Preface I Kernels and Processes 1 Introduction 1.1 What Is An Operating System? 1.1.1 Resource Sharing: Operating System as Referee 1.1.2 Masking Limitations: Operating System as Illusionist 1.1.3 Providing Common Services: Operating System as Glue 1.1.4 Operating System Design Patterns 1.2 Operating System Evaluation 1.2.1 Reliability and Availability 1.2.2 Security 1.2.3 Portability 1.2.4 Performance 1.2.5 Adoption 1.2.6 Design Tradeoffs 1.3 Operating Systems: Past, Present, and Future 1.3.1 Impact of Technology Trends 1.3.2 Early Operating Systems 1.3.3 Multi-User Operating Systems 1.3.4 Time-Sharing Operating Systems 1.3.5 Modern Operating Systems 1.3.6 Future Operating Systems

Exercises 2 The Kernel Abstraction 2.1 The Process Abstraction 2.2 Dual-Mode Operation 2.2.1 Privileged Instructions 2.2.2 Memory Protection 2.2.3 Timer Interrupts 2.3 Types of Mode Transfer 2.3.1 User to Kernel Mode 2.3.2 Kernel to User Mode 2.4 Implementing Safe Mode Transfer 2.4.1 Interrupt Vector Table 2.4.2 Interrupt Stack 2.4.3 Two Stacks per Process 2.4.4 Interrupt Masking 2.4.5 Hardware Support for Saving and Restoring Registers 2.5 Putting It All Together: x86 Mode Transfer 2.6 Implementing Secure System Calls 2.7 Starting a New Process 2.8 Implementing Upcalls 2.9 Case Study: Booting an Operating System Kernel 2.10 Case Study: Virtual Machines 2.11 Summary and Future Directions

Exercises 3 The Programming Interface 3.1 Process Management 3.1.1 Windows Process Management 3.1.2 UNIX Process Management 3.2 Input/Output 3.3 Case Study: Implementing a Shell 3.4 Case Study: Interprocess Communication 3.4.1 Producer-Consumer Communication 3.4.2 Client-Server Communication 3.5 Operating System Structure 3.5.1 Monolithic Kernels 3.5.2 Microkernel 3.6 Summary and Future Directions Exercises II: Concurrency 4. Concurrency and Threads 5. Synchronizing Access to Shared Objects 6. Multi-Object Synchronization 7. Scheduling III: Memory Management

8. Address Translation 9. Caching and Virtual Memory 10. Advanced Memory Management IV: Persistent Storage 11. File Systems: Introduction and Overview 12. Storage Devices 13. Files and Directories 14. Reliable Storage References Glossary About the Authors

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