MOBILE AD HOC
NETWORKING
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MOBILE AD HOC
NETWORKING
Cutting Edge Directions
Second Edition
Edited by
STEFANO BASAGNI
MARCO CONTI
SILVIA GIORDANO
IVAN STOJMENOVIC
Cover Design: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cover Photographs: Top inset photo: © John Wiley & Sons
Bottom inset photo: © merrymoonmary/iStockphoto
Copyright © 2013 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Mobile ad hoc networking : the cutting edge directions / edited by Stefano
Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano, Ivan Stojmenovic. – Second edition.
pages cm.
ISBN 978-1-118-08728-2 (hardback)
1. Ad hoc networks (Computer networks) 2. Wireless LANs. 3. Mobile
computing.
I. Basagni, Stefano, 1965- editor of compilation.
TK5105.78.M63 2012
004.6’167–dc23
2012031683
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONTRIBUTORS
PART I GENERAL ISSUES
1 Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Evolutionary Path
Marco Conti and Silvia Giordano
Introduction, 3
1.1
1.2 MANET Research: Major Achievements and Lessons Learned, 5
1.3 Multihop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 16
1.4
References, 26
Summary and Conclusions, 25
2 Enabling Technologies and Standards for Mobile Multihop
Wireless Networking
Enzo Mingozzi and Claudio Cicconetti
Introduction, 35
Broadband Wireless Access Technologies, 37
2.1
2.2
2.3 Wireless Local Area Networks Technologies, 43
2.4
Personal Area Networks Technologies, 53
xiii
xv
xvii
3
34
v
vi
CONTENTS
2.5 Mobility Support in Heterogeneous Scenarios, 65
2.6
References, 69
Conclusions, 67
3 Application Scenarios
Ilias Leontiadis, Ettore Ferranti, Cecilia Mascolo, Liam McNamara,
Bence Pasztor, Niki Trigoni, and Sonia Waharte
Introduction, 78
3.1
3.2 Military Applications, 79
3.3
Network Connectivity, 81
3.4 Wireless Sensor Networks, 84
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
References, 98
Search and Rescue, 89
Vehicular Networks, 93
Personal Content Dissemination, 96
Conclusions, 98
4
Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Roberto Di Pietro and Josep Domingo-Ferrer
77
106
Introduction, 106
Unattended WSN, 125
4.1
4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks, 110
4.3
4.4 Wireless Mesh Networks, 130
4.5
Delay-Tolerant Networks, 134
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), 137
4.6
4.7
Conclusions and Open Research Issues, 144
References, 144
5 Architectural Solutions for End-User Mobility
154
Salvatore Vanini and Anna F¨orster
Introduction, 154
5.1
5.2 Mesh Networks, 155
5.3 Wireless Sensor Networks, 182
5.4
References, 188
Conclusion, 188
6 Experimental Work Versus Simulation in the Study
of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Carlo Vallati, Victor Omwando, and Prasant Mohapatra
191
6.1
6.2
6.3
Introduction, 191
Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation Tools
and Experimental Platforms, 192
Gap Between Simulations and Experiments: Issues
and Factors, 199
CONTENTS
6.4
Good Simulations: Validation, Verification, and
Calibration, 220
Simulators and Testbeds: Future Prospects, 226
Conclusion, 228
6.5
6.6
References, 228
PART II MESH NETWORKING
7 Resource Optimization in Multiradio Multichannel
Wireless Mesh Networks
Antonio Capone, Ilario Filippini, Stefano Gualandi, and Di Yuan
Introduction, 242
Network and Interference Models, 244
7.1
7.2
7.3 Maximum Link Activation Under the SINR Model, 245
7.4
7.5
7.6
Optimal Link Scheduling, 247
Joint Routing and Scheduling, 254
Dealing with Channel Assignment and Directional
Antennas, 257
Cooperative Networking, 263
Concluding Remarks and Future Issues, 269
7.7
7.8
References, 271
8 Quality of Service in Mesh Networks
Raffaele Bruno
vii
241
275
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Introduction, 275
QoS Definition, 277
A Taxonomy of Existing QoS Routing Approaches, 278
Routing Protocols with Optimization-Based Path
Selection, 280
Routing Metrics for Minimum-Weight Path Selection, 291
Feedback-Based Path Selection, 307
Conclusions, 308
8.5
8.6
8.7
References, 308
PART III OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKING
9 Applications in Delay-Tolerant and Opportunistic Networks
317
Teemu K¨arkk¨ainen, Mikko Pitkanen, and Joerg Ott
9.1
9.2
9.3
Application Scenarios, 318
Challenges for Applications Over DTN, 322
Critical Mechanisms for DTN Applications, 328
viii
CONTENTS
DTN Applications (Case Studies), 336
Conclusion: Rethinking Applications for DTNs, 357
9.4
9.5
References, 358
10 Mobility Models in Opportunistic Networks
Kyunghan Lee, Pan Hui, and Song Chong
Introduction, 360
10.1
10.2 Contact-Based Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling, 361
10.3 Trajectory Models, 376
10.4
Implications for Network Protocol Design, 399
10.5 New Paradigm: Delay-Resource Tradeoffs, 406
References, 414
11 Opportunistic Routing
Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Andreea Picu
Introduction, 420
11.1
11.2 Cornerstones of Opportunistic Networks, 422
11.3 Dealing with Uncertainty: Redundancy-Based Routing, 428
11.4 Capitalizing on Structure: Utility-Based Forwarding, 435
11.5 Hybrid Solutions: Combining Redundancy and Utility, 444
11.6 Conclusion, 447
References, 448
360
419
12 Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks
453
Chiara Boldrini and Andrea Passarella
Introduction, 454
Initial Ideas: PodNet, 456
Social-Aware Schemes, 460
Publish/Subscribe Schemes, 464
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5 Global Optimization, 469
12.6
12.7 Approaches Inspired by Unstructured p2p Systems, 478
12.8
References, 486
Infrastructure-Based Approaches, 474
Further Readings, 482
13 Task Farming in Crowd Computing
491
Derek G. Murray, Karthik Nilakant, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki
Introduction, 491
Ideal Parallelism Model, 494
13.1
13.2
13.3 Task Farming, 498
13.4
Socially Aware Task Farming, 500