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MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKING
ieee ed board_grid.qxd 1/8/2013 7:52 AM Page 1 IEEE Press 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 IEEE Press Editorial Board 2013 John Anderson, Editor in Chief Linda Shafer George W. Arnold Ekram Hossain Om P. Malik Saeid Nahavandi David Jacobson Mary Lanzerotti George Zobrist Tariq Samad Dmitry Goldgof Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)
MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKING Cutting Edge Directions Second Edition Edited by STEFANO BASAGNI MARCO CONTI SILVIA GIORDANO IVAN STOJMENOVIC
Cover Design: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Cover Photographs: Top inset photo: © John Wiley & Sons Bottom inset photo: © merrymoonmary/iStockphoto Copyright © 2013 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Mobile ad hoc networking : the cutting edge directions / edited by Stefano Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano, Ivan Stojmenovic. – Second edition. pages cm. ISBN 978-1-118-08728-2 (hardback) 1. Ad hoc networks (Computer networks) 2. Wireless LANs. 3. Mobile computing. I. Basagni, Stefano, 1965- editor of compilation. TK5105.78.M63 2012 004.6’167–dc23 2012031683 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CONTRIBUTORS PART I GENERAL ISSUES 1 Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Evolutionary Path Marco Conti and Silvia Giordano Introduction, 3 1.1 1.2 MANET Research: Major Achievements and Lessons Learned, 5 1.3 Multihop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 16 1.4 References, 26 Summary and Conclusions, 25 2 Enabling Technologies and Standards for Mobile Multihop Wireless Networking Enzo Mingozzi and Claudio Cicconetti Introduction, 35 Broadband Wireless Access Technologies, 37 2.1 2.2 2.3 Wireless Local Area Networks Technologies, 43 2.4 Personal Area Networks Technologies, 53 xiii xv xvii 3 34 v
vi CONTENTS 2.5 Mobility Support in Heterogeneous Scenarios, 65 2.6 References, 69 Conclusions, 67 3 Application Scenarios Ilias Leontiadis, Ettore Ferranti, Cecilia Mascolo, Liam McNamara, Bence Pasztor, Niki Trigoni, and Sonia Waharte Introduction, 78 3.1 3.2 Military Applications, 79 3.3 Network Connectivity, 81 3.4 Wireless Sensor Networks, 84 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 References, 98 Search and Rescue, 89 Vehicular Networks, 93 Personal Content Dissemination, 96 Conclusions, 98 4 Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Roberto Di Pietro and Josep Domingo-Ferrer 77 106 Introduction, 106 Unattended WSN, 125 4.1 4.2 Wireless Sensor Networks, 110 4.3 4.4 Wireless Mesh Networks, 130 4.5 Delay-Tolerant Networks, 134 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), 137 4.6 4.7 Conclusions and Open Research Issues, 144 References, 144 5 Architectural Solutions for End-User Mobility 154 Salvatore Vanini and Anna F¨orster Introduction, 154 5.1 5.2 Mesh Networks, 155 5.3 Wireless Sensor Networks, 182 5.4 References, 188 Conclusion, 188 6 Experimental Work Versus Simulation in the Study of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Carlo Vallati, Victor Omwando, and Prasant Mohapatra 191 6.1 6.2 6.3 Introduction, 191 Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation Tools and Experimental Platforms, 192 Gap Between Simulations and Experiments: Issues and Factors, 199
CONTENTS 6.4 Good Simulations: Validation, Verification, and Calibration, 220 Simulators and Testbeds: Future Prospects, 226 Conclusion, 228 6.5 6.6 References, 228 PART II MESH NETWORKING 7 Resource Optimization in Multiradio Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks Antonio Capone, Ilario Filippini, Stefano Gualandi, and Di Yuan Introduction, 242 Network and Interference Models, 244 7.1 7.2 7.3 Maximum Link Activation Under the SINR Model, 245 7.4 7.5 7.6 Optimal Link Scheduling, 247 Joint Routing and Scheduling, 254 Dealing with Channel Assignment and Directional Antennas, 257 Cooperative Networking, 263 Concluding Remarks and Future Issues, 269 7.7 7.8 References, 271 8 Quality of Service in Mesh Networks Raffaele Bruno vii 241 275 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Introduction, 275 QoS Definition, 277 A Taxonomy of Existing QoS Routing Approaches, 278 Routing Protocols with Optimization-Based Path Selection, 280 Routing Metrics for Minimum-Weight Path Selection, 291 Feedback-Based Path Selection, 307 Conclusions, 308 8.5 8.6 8.7 References, 308 PART III OPPORTUNISTIC NETWORKING 9 Applications in Delay-Tolerant and Opportunistic Networks 317 Teemu K¨arkk¨ainen, Mikko Pitkanen, and Joerg Ott 9.1 9.2 9.3 Application Scenarios, 318 Challenges for Applications Over DTN, 322 Critical Mechanisms for DTN Applications, 328
viii CONTENTS DTN Applications (Case Studies), 336 Conclusion: Rethinking Applications for DTNs, 357 9.4 9.5 References, 358 10 Mobility Models in Opportunistic Networks Kyunghan Lee, Pan Hui, and Song Chong Introduction, 360 10.1 10.2 Contact-Based Measurement, Analysis, and Modeling, 361 10.3 Trajectory Models, 376 10.4 Implications for Network Protocol Design, 399 10.5 New Paradigm: Delay-Resource Tradeoffs, 406 References, 414 11 Opportunistic Routing Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Andreea Picu Introduction, 420 11.1 11.2 Cornerstones of Opportunistic Networks, 422 11.3 Dealing with Uncertainty: Redundancy-Based Routing, 428 11.4 Capitalizing on Structure: Utility-Based Forwarding, 435 11.5 Hybrid Solutions: Combining Redundancy and Utility, 444 11.6 Conclusion, 447 References, 448 360 419 12 Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks 453 Chiara Boldrini and Andrea Passarella Introduction, 454 Initial Ideas: PodNet, 456 Social-Aware Schemes, 460 Publish/Subscribe Schemes, 464 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Global Optimization, 469 12.6 12.7 Approaches Inspired by Unstructured p2p Systems, 478 12.8 References, 486 Infrastructure-Based Approaches, 474 Further Readings, 482 13 Task Farming in Crowd Computing 491 Derek G. Murray, Karthik Nilakant, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki Introduction, 491 Ideal Parallelism Model, 494 13.1 13.2 13.3 Task Farming, 498 13.4 Socially Aware Task Farming, 500
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