Arduino入门经典.docx-资料库

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目录一、制作第一个电路单 led 闪烁·····························································································2 二、hello world 经典例程··········································································································9 三、Arduino 基础······················································································································10 四、Arduino 的数字输出·········································································································11 五、 Arduino 的串口输入·······································································································14 六、Arduino 的串口输出·········································································································16 七、Arduino 的模拟输入·········································································································18 八、Arduino 的模拟输出·········································································································20 九、6LED 灯闪烁实验··············································································································23 十、蜂鸣器实验························································································································29 十一、1 位数码管实验·············································································································32 十二、按键实验························································································································34 十三、光控 LED 实验··············································································································37 十四、1602 实验······················································································································39 十五、lm35 温度传感器实验··································································································42 十六、舵机控制实验················································································································45 十七、红外遥控接收实验········································································································48 十八、红外遥控控制舵机实验·······························································································50 十九、LED 点阵实验················································································································52 二十、74HC595 实验···············································································································54 ASCII 表·····································································································································57 ATMEGA328 引脚图··············································································································58 1

一、制作第一个电路单 led 闪烁做任何一个电路之前，一定要先了解电路中原件的参数，其工作电压，工作电流等。第一个实验咱们用到的 LED 从网上查找资料得知，其工作电压一般为 1.5-2.0V，工作电流一般为 10-20ma，反向击穿电压为 5V。控制板逻辑电路供电为 5V。根据以上参数假设 LED 工作电压选用 1.7，工作电流选用 15ma，限流电阻=（总电压-LED 电压）/电流，所以限流电阻=（5-1.7）/0.015=220Ω。首先需要从 arduino 官方网站下载其编译软件，地址是 http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software 笔者使用的平台为 win7 32 位，如果大家使用的是其他平台，按照对应的下载就可以。下载回来的软件包解压缩后的目录结构如下图，arduino.exe 是程序的启动文件， driver 目录是控制板 usb 芯片驱动，usb 接上控制板后如果要寻找驱动，把目录指定到这里就可以。本次实验用到的器材为一个面包板，一个 LED，一个 1k 的电阻，两根导线，如下图： 2

本次实验的连接方法如下图，LED 两个针脚有一长一短，短的是连接 GND，长的是连接正极。在 LED 的长引脚前，需要添加一个 220Ω的限流电阻。连接数字 5 号接口。实物连接如下图：通过面包板把个个电子器件连接好以后，接上 USB 线，设置好控制板型号、端口号。程序语言先不详解，大家先照猫画虎对着抄，后面通过各个实验，将对不同命令进行详解。编写程序前，先需要选择控制板的型号。如下图： 3

控制板型号选择好后，选择串口位置，笔者电脑的串口为 COM15： 4

串口具体是多少号可以到设备管理中进行查看，如下图：先把程序复制进去： int ledPin=5; //设定控制 LED 的数字 IO 脚 void setup(){ pinMode(ledPin,OUTPUT);//设定数字 IO 口的模式，OUTPUT 为输出 } void loop(){ digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH); //设定 PIN5 脚为 HIGH = 5V 左右 delay(2000); //设定延时时间，2000 = 2 秒 digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); //设定 PIN5 脚为 LOW = 0V delay(2000); //设定延时时间，2000 = 2 秒 } 图中 int;void setup 等褐色的文字是系统命令，OUTPUT 等蓝色文字是命令的功能开关，黑色文字是变量。程序写好以后点击编译按钮进行编译。编译完成后会显示出来编译后的文件大小，本次编译出来的程序大小为 1068 字节。 5

然后把编译好的程序下载到 arduino 控制板上，点击下载按钮。 6

下载完成后会有提示本次实验效果如下，闪烁着光芒的灯。。。总结： int;void setup 等褐色文字是系统命令，OUTPUT 等蓝色文字是系统命令的功能开关，黑色文字是变量。在"int ledpin=5"中;设置了 LED 的数字 IO 脚，ledpin 仅仅是 5 号数字端口自定义出来的名字，变成 xxx 等都可以。对于多脚 IO 操作的程序中，为每一个引脚定义名字是有必要性的，程序复杂后方便功能识别。 7

二、hello world 经典例程通过 Arduino 编译器查看串口数据最简单的例子： void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); // 打开串口，设置波特率为 9600 bps } void loop() { Serial.println(“Hello world!”); delay(1000); } 如果电路安装正确，按照示例代码运行、上传，然后点击编译器的 Serial Monitor 按钮，就可以看到 Serial Monitor 输出 Hello world！。 8

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