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2. 5. 6. 7. 《软件工程》期中试题一、选择题： 1. The waterfall model of software development is also known as the ( ) A A. Classical life cycle model C. Spiral model B. Fountain model D. Chaos model The incremental model of software development is ( B A. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined. B. A good approach when a working core product is required quickly. C. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams. D. A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products. ) 3. COCOMO II is an example of a suite of modern empirical estimation models that require sizing information expressed as ( A. function points B. lines of code ) D C. application points D. any of the above 4. An effective risk management plan will need to address which of the following issues? ( ) D A. risk avoidance C. contingency planning B. risk monitoring D. all of the above The relationships shown in a data model must be classified to show their ( A. Width and depth C. cardinality and modality B. Directionality and reliability D. probability and risk ) C B. data object The data dictionary contains descriptions of each software A. configuration item The state transition diagram ( A A. indicates system reactions to external events B. depicts relationships between data objects C. depicts functions that transform the data flow D. indicates how data are transformed by the system ) ( C. diagram ) B D. notation 8. Which of the following is not an area of concern in the design model? ( ) D D. project scope A. architecture B. data C. interfaces 9. A program design language (PDL) is often a ( A A. combination of programming constructs and narrative text B. legitimate programming language in its own right C. machine readable software development language D. useful way to represent software architecture ) 10. What types of errors are missed by black-box testing and can be uncovered by white-box testing? ( A. behavioral errors ) B B. subtle logic errors C. performance errors error 11. To achieve high modularity of software components you need A. high coupling and high cohesion B. high coupling and low cohesion C. low coupling and high cohesion D. low coupling and low cohesion 12. Which of the following is not an objective for building an analysis model? A. define set of software requirements 共 11页第 1页 D. input C C

B. describe customer requirements C. develop an abbreviated solution for the problem D. establish basis for software design 13．下图所示的软件模块结构图，该软件的宽度为（）。 D A．1 B．3 C．5 D．6 14．面向对象的软件工程中，识别主类主要靠（）。 A A．经验 B．技巧 C．启发式规则 D．面向对象分析理论 15．用例图是（）。 D A．系统特定行为的描述 B．系统行为之间交互的描述 C．系统和外部实体交互的描述 D．系统特定行为和外部实体以及和其他行为交互的描述 1.2 二、简答题： 1．What are the differences between generic software product development and custom software development? A：The essential difference is that in generic software product development, the specification is owned by the product developer. For custom product development, the specification is owned by the customer. Of course, there may be differences in development processes but this is not necessarily the case. 2．What are the four important attributes which all software products should have? 1.3 A：For important attributes are maintainability, dependability, efficiency and usability. 3．A software architecture describes a high-level design view of a software system. What are the advantages of explicitly describing the architecture independently from the implementation? 参考答案（不够准确）：The architecture may have to be designed before specifications are written to provide a means of structuring the specification and developing different sub-system specifications concurrently, to allow manufacture of hardware by 共 11页第 2页

sub-contractors and to provide a model for system costing. 4．Explain why it is important to produce an overall description of a system architecture at an early stage in the system specification process. A：An overall architectural description should be produced to identify sub-systems making up the system. Once these have been identified, they may be specified in parallel with other systems and the interfaces between sub-systems defined. 5．Requirements should state what a system should do, without stating how it should do it. Why is this distinction useful? 2.4 6．Define black box and white box testing. What are the advantages of each approach ? Why are both necessary? 7．Full path coverage testing requires that every possible path through the code be tested at least once. Why is full path coverage testing desirable? For the code fragment above, how many test cases would be needed for full path coverage? Why might full path coverage be impossible to achieve for some programs? 8．Why is software maintenance difficult? Why is it necessary? 9．If you want develop an interactive system that allows railway passengers to find train times from terminals installed in stations, which generic software process model that more suitable to management the development process? And why? A：Interactive timetable System with a complex user interface but which must be stable and reliable. Should be based on throw-away prototyping to find requirements then either incremental development or waterfall model. 10．Describe four types of non-functional requirements that may be placed on a system. Give examples of each of these types of requirement. A：There are many possibilities here. Some suggestions are shown in Figure 6.4. Non-functional requirement Performance Figure 6.4 Non-functional requirements Description Description Performance requirements set out limits to the performance expected of the system. These may be expressed in The system must process at least 150 transactions per second. The maximum response time for any user request should be 2 共 11页第 3页

different ways depending on the type of system e.g. number of transactions processed per second, response time to user requests, etc. Defines specific standards or methods which must be used in the development process for the system Defines requirements which relate to the usability of the system by end-users. Implementation Usability Safety 三、综合题 Safety requirements are concerned with the overall safe operation of the system 共 11页第 4页 seconds. The system design must be developed using an object-oriented approach based on the UML process. The system must be implemented in C++, Version 3.0. All operations which are potentially destructive must include an undo facility which allows users to reverse their action. (This is an example of a functional requirement which is associated with a nonfunctional requirement) All operations which are potentially destructive must be highlighted in red in the system user interface. The system must be certified according to Health and Safety Regulations XYZ 123.

1．The following table shows the estimated activity durations and pre-requisites for a project development. Activity T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 Description Requirements Elicitation Analysis & Design Install hardware Design Review Code & Unit Test Integration Test Porting Software Documentation Acceptance Test Install & Train Duration(weeks) 4 3 2 1 4 2 1 2 3 2 Task Pre-requisites 1 1 2 1,2,3,4 5 4,6 6,7 5,6,7 9 Draw a activity chart to determine the earliest week of completion, the activities which have some float or slack, and the activities on the critical path. Draw a bar chart showing the project schedule. 2．绘制打电话的状态转换图共 11页第 5页

3．某校教务系统具备以下功能，输入用户ID号及口令后，经验证进入教务管理系统，可进行如下功能的处理：查询成绩：查询成绩以及从名次表中得到名次信息。学籍管理：根据学生总成绩排出名次信息。成绩处理：处理单科成绩并输入成绩表中。就以上系统功能画出 0 层，1 层的 DFD 图。教务系统 0 层 DFD 图共 11页第 6页

（身份验证处理框对应有一个用户信息的存储，名次表和学生成绩表应用存储的表示法）教务系统 1 层 DFD 图 4．一个自动化图书馆目录的软件系统要被开发。这个系统将要包含图书馆中所有图书的信息，要求该系统对图书管理员、借阅者和读者都可用。该系统应该支持目录浏览、查询，允许用户发送消息给图书管理员预订一本在借图书。识别出系统描述中应考虑的基本视点，并用视点继承图（层次图）来描述它们之间的关系。 A：The viewpoints are shown in Figure 6.1. Note that system management (i.e. those responsible for installing and maintaining the computer system are a viewpoint as well as library staff and library users. Library users have been separately identified as browsers and searchers as these operations typically require different types of services. 6版6.2题 Figure 6.1 Viewpoint hierarchy diagram 共 11页第 7页

5．Develop an object model, including a class hierarchy diagram and an aggregation diagram showing the principal components of a personal computer system and its system software. 8.8 A：There are many possible organizations for the class hierarchy. I show a simple one in Figure 8.4 with only two levels. A three-level hierarchy would also be OK but more than that would be too much. The aggregation diagram shows the part-of relationships between objects. This is shown in Figure 8.5. Obviously, further decomposition of the lowest level is possible. Figure 8.4 Class hierarchy for a PC 共 11页第 8页

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