Learning C++ by Creating Games with Unreal Engine 4.pdf

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Cover

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Coding with C++

Setting up our project

Using Microsoft Visual C++ on Windows

Using XCode on a Mac

Creating your first C++ program

Semicolons

Handling errors

Warnings

What is building and compiling?

Scripting

Exercise – ASCII art

Summary

Chapter 2: Variables and Memory

Variables

Declaring variables – touching the silicon

Reading and writing to your reserved spot in memory

Numbers are everything

More on variables

Math in C++

Exercises

Generalized variable syntax

Primitive types

Object types

Exercise – Player

Pointers

What can pointers do?

Address of operator &

The Null pointers

cin

printf()

Exercise

Solution

Summary

Chapter 3: If, Else, and Switch

Branching

Controlling the flow of your program

The == operator

Coding if statements

Coding else statements

Testing for inequalities using other comparison operators (>, >=, <, <=, and !=)

Using logical operators

The Not (!) operator

Exercises

Solution

The And (&&) operator

The Or (||) operator

Our first example with Unreal Engine

Exercise

Solution

Branching code in more than two ways

The else if statement

Exercise

Solution

The switch statement

Switch versus if

Exercise

Solution

Summary

Chapter 4: Looping

The while loop

Infinite loops

Exercises

Solutions

The do/while loop

The for loop

Exercises

Solutions

Looping with Unreal Engine

Summary

Chapter 5: Functions and Macros

Functions

An example of a library function – sqrt()

Writing our own functions

A sample program trace

Exercise

Solution

Functions with arguments

Functions that return values

Exercises

Solutions

Variables, revisited

Global variables

Local variables

The scope of a variable

Static local variables

Const variables

Function prototypes

.h and .cpp files

prototypes.h contains

funcs.cpp contains

main.cpp contains

Extern variables

Macros

Advice – try to use const variables where possible

Macros with arguments

Advice – use inline functions instead of macros with arguments

Summary

Chapter 6: Objects, Classes, and Inheritance

struct objects

Member functions

The this keyword

Strings are objects?

Invoking a member function

Exercises

Solutions

Privates and encapsulation

Some people like it public

class versus struct

Getters and setters

Getters

Setters

But what's the point of get/set operations?

Constructors and destructors

Class inheritance

Derived classes

Syntax of inheritance

What does inheritance do?

is-a relationship

protected variables

Virtual functions

Purely virtual functions (and abstract classes)

Multiple inheritance

private inheritance

Putting your classes into headers

.h and .cpp

Exercise

Summary

Chapter 7: Dynamic Memory Allocation

Dynamic memory allocation

The delete keyword

Memory leaks

Regular arrays

The array syntax

Exercise

Solutions

C++ style dynamic size arrays (new[] and delete[])

Dynamic C-style arrays

Summary

Chapter 8: Actors and Pawns

Actors versus pawns

Creating a world to put your actors in

The UE4 editor

Editor controls

Play mode controls

Adding objects to the scene

Starting from scratch

Adding light sources

Collision volumes

Adding collision detection for the objects editor

Adding an actor to the scene

Creating a player entity

Inheriting from UE4 GameFramework classes

Associating a model with the Avatar class

Loading the mesh

Creating a blueprint from our C++ class

Writing C++ code that controls the game's character

Making the player an instance of the Avatar class

Setting up controller inputs

Exercise

Solution

Yaw and pitch

Creating non-player character entities

Displaying a quote from each NPC dialog box

Displaying messages on the HUD

Using TArray

Exercise

Solution

Triggering an event when it is near an NPC

Make the NPC display something to the HUD when something is nearby

Exercises

Solutions

Summary

Chapter 9: Templates and Commonly Used Containers

Debugging the output in UE4

UE4's TArray

An example that uses TArray

Iterating a TArray

Finding whether an element is in the TArray

TSet

Iterating a TSet

Intersecting TSet

Unioning TSet

Finding TSet

TMap

A list of items for the player's inventory

Iterating a TMap

C++ STL versions of commonly used containers

C++ STL set

Finding an element in a

Exercise

Solution

C++ STL map

Finding an element in a

Exercise

Solution

Summary

Chapter 10: Inventory System and Pickup Items

Declaring the backpack

Forward declaration

Importing assets

Attaching an action mapping to a key

Base class PickupItem

The root component

Getting the avatar

Getting the player controller

Getting the HUD

Drawing the player inventory

Using HUD::DrawTexture()

Exercise

Detecting inventory item clicks

Dragging elements

Exercises

Summary

Chapter 11: Monsters

Landscape

Sculpting the landscape

Monsters

Basic monster intelligence

Moving the monster – steering behavior

The discrete nature of monster motion

Monster SightSphere

Monster attacks on the player

Melee attacks

Defining a melee weapon

Sockets

Creating a skeletal mesh socket in the monster's hand

Attaching the sword to the model

Code to equip the player with a sword

Triggering the attack animation

Projectile or ranged attacks

Bullet physics

Adding bullets to the monster class

Player knockback

Summary

Chapter 12: Spell Book

The particle systems

Changing particle properties

Settings for the blizzard spell

Spell class actor

Blueprinting our spells

Picking up spells

Creating blueprints for PickupItems that cast spells

Attaching right mouse click to cast spell

Writing the avatar's CastSpell function

Instantiating the spell – GetWorld()->SpawnActor()

if(spell)

spell->SetCaster(this)

Writing AMyHUD::MouseRightClicked()

Activating right mouse button clicks

Creating other spells

The fire spell

Exercises

Summary

Index

Learning C++ by Creating Games with UE4 Learn C++ programming with a fun, real-world application that allows you to create your own games! William Sherif BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

Learning C++ by Creating Games with UE4 Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. First published: February 2015 Production reference: 1180215 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-78439-657-2 www.packtpub.com

Credits Author William Sherif Reviewers Brandon Mann Matt Sutherlin Alan Wolfe Project Coordinator Rashi Khivansara Proofreaders Martin Diver Lawrence A. Herman Paul Hindle Commissioning Editor Edward Bowkett Indexer Hemangini Bari Acquisition Editor Subho Gupta Graphics Sheetal Aute Content Development Editor Production Coordinator Anand Singh Melwyn D'sa Technical Editor Saurabh Malhotra Cover Work Melwyn D'sa Copy Editors Dipti Kapadia Deepa Nambiar

About the Author William Sherif is a C++ programmer with more than 8 years' programming experience. He has a wide range of experience in the programming world, from game programming to web programming. He has also worked as a university course instructor (sessional) for 7 years. He has released several apps on to the iTunes store, including strum and MARSHALL OF THE ELITE SQUADRON. In the past, he has won acclaim for delivering course material in an easy-to-understand manner. I'd like to thank my family, for their support when I was writing this book; Mostafa and Fatima, for their hospitality; as well as Ryan and Reda, for letting me write.

About the Reviewers Brandon Mann is a well-rounded game developer with over 7 years of professional game-development experience. He has worked on a wide range of titles, from Indie Games to AAA titles, and at companies such as Warner Bros., Midway, and 343 Industries. He has worked on several titles, including Blacklight, Tango Down, Gotham City Impostors, and Battle Nations. Matt Sutherlin has been working in the games industry for over a decade now, where he's held job titles ranging from QA and scripter to engine programmer, and technical artist. Most recently, he has been heavily focusing on graphics technology, working on engine renderers, art pipelines, and shaders for AAA titles, such as Heroes of the Storm and Halo 5: Guardians. I would like to thank my beautiful wife, Megan, for years of support and understanding and Matthew Phillips for giving me my debut in the industry.

Alan Wolfe is a self-taught game and engine programmer who has worked at companies such as inXile Entertainment, Midway, Warner Bros., and Blizzard Entertainment. He has worked on titles including Line Rider 2, Unbound, Gotham City Impostors, Battle Nations, Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet, and StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm. Alan is currently a senior engine programmer at Blizzard Entertainment, where he works on StarCraft II and Heroes of the Storm. I'd like to thank Packt Publishing and the author for allowing me to contribute to this book and to help budding game programmers learn the same way I did. If you want to succeed as a game programmer, practice implementing everything you learn, hang out with like- minded individuals, who want to achieve the same things you do, and never stop learning new things.

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