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PCDMIS初级教程.pdf
PPCC--DDMMIISS 初初级级教教程程
PC-DMIS 3.0
基础培训手册
1
PPCC--DDMMIISS 初初级级教教程程
目录
1. 坐标测量机历史(HISTORY OF THE CMM)........................................................................................8
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.7.1.
1.7.2.
1.7.3.
1.7.4.
1.7.5.
1.7.6.
1.8.
1.8.1.
1.8.2.
1.8.3.
1.8.4.
1.9.
1.9.1.
1.10.
1.10.1.
1.11.
1.12.
1.13.
1.14.
1.14.1.
1.15.
1.16.
1.17.
早期的测头(EARLY PROBES)..................................................................................................... 9
引入计算机(ENTER THE COMPUTER) ................................................................................... 9
引入电子测头(ENTER THE ELECTRONIC PROBE) ............................................................ 9
三坐标测量机成为机动型(CMM’S BECOME MOTORIZED)............................................ 9
数学模型(ALGORITHMS).......................................................................................................... 10
更高的速度(MORE SPEED) ....................................................................................................... 10
测量机的基本类型(CMM CLASSIFICATIONS) ................................................................... 11
活动桥式 ............................................................................................................................11
固定桥式 ............................................................................................................................11
悬臂式.................................................................................................................................12
立柱式.................................................................................................................................12
水平臂式 ............................................................................................................................13
双水平臂式........................................................................................................................13
精度(ACCURACY) ....................................................................................................................... 14
早期精度的表达方式 ......................................................................................................14
今日的精度标准 ...............................................................................................................14
欧洲的ＣＭＭＡ标准 ......................................................................................................14
Ｂ89 标准 ...........................................................................................................................15
手动测量机用测头(PROBES FOR MANUAL MACHINES).............................................. 18
手动测量机用测座 ..........................................................................................................18
DCC 测量机用测头(PROBES FOR DCC MACHINES) .................................................. 19
DCC 测量机用测座.........................................................................................................20
自动测头更换装置(AUTOCHANGE RACK) ......................................................................... 21
测头的接口(THE PROBE INTERFACE)............................................................................. 23
测头校验(CALIBRATING A PROBE).................................................................................. 24
SP600 测头(SP600 PROBE).................................................................................................... 25
SCR600 测杆自动更换装置...........................................................................................25
PHS1 伺服定位测头座(PHS1 SERVO POSITIONING HEAD) .................................... 26
ACR2 自动测头更换装置(ACR2-AUTOCHANGE RACK) ........................................... 26
WOLF & BECK 公司光学测头(WOLF & BECK OPTICAL PROBE) ......................... 27
2. 建坐标系：为什么我们需要建坐标系？(ALIGNMENTS).............................................................28
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
什么是坐标系？(WHAT IS AN ALIGNMENT?).................................................................... 28
建坐标系的三步曲(THE THREE STEPS)................................................................................ 28
右手定则(THE RIGHT HAND RULE) ..................................................................................... 28
零件的找平(LEVEL TO THE PART)......................................................................................... 29
旋转到轴线(ROTATE TO THE AXIS) ...................................................................................... 30
设置原点(SETTING THE ORIGINS) ........................................................................................ 31
2
PPCC--DDMMIISS 初初级级教教程程
3. 矢量(VECTORS).........................................................................................................................................32
4. PC-DMIS 的工作环境 (THE PC-DMIS ENVIROMENT)...............................................................36
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
主菜单选项(MAIN MENU SELECTIONS) ............................................................................. 37
现时设置显示(CURRENT SETTINGS DISPLAY) ................................................................ 38
工具栏(THE TOOLBAR)............................................................................................................. 39
图形显示区(GRAPHICS DISPLAY AREA)............................................................................. 39
编辑窗口(EDIT WINDOW)......................................................................................................... 39
状态栏(THE STATUS BAR)........................................................................................................ 40
5. 文件管理(FILE MANAGER) ..................................................................................................................41
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.
文件管理概述(FILE MANAGER OVERVIEW)..................................................................... 41
创建一个新零件程序(CREATING A NEW PART PROGRAM) ......................................... 42
打开已有的程序 OPENING AN EXISTING PROGRAM)................................................... 43
拷贝一个零件程序(COPYING A PART PROGRAM)........................................................... 44
对一个零件程序重新命名(RENAMEING A PART PROGRAM)....................................... 46
删除一个零件程序(DELETING A PART PROGRAM)......................................................... 47
生成镜像程序(MIRRORPROGRAM)....................................................................................... 48
6. 工具栏选项(TOOLBAR OPTIONS)......................................................................................................49
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.
6.10.
6.11.
6.12.
6.13.
6.14.
设置视图(SET UP VIEWS).......................................................................................................... 49
屏幕格式选项(SCREEN FORMAT OPTIONS) ...................................................................... 50
存视图（SAVE VIEW ） .............................................................................................................. 51
全屏幕显示的比例（SCALE TO FIT）................................................................................... 51
画曲面（DRAW SURFACE）.................................................................................................... 51
在屏幕上重新绘制（REPAINT SCREEN） ........................................................................... 52
曲线模式(CURVES MODE) ........................................................................................................ 52
曲面模式(SURFACE MODE) ..................................................................................................... 52
平移(TRANSLATE)....................................................................................................................... 53
二维旋转(ROTATE 2D) ........................................................................................................... 54
三维旋转(ROTATE 3D) ................................................................................................................ 55
程序模式（PROGRAM MODE） ........................................................................................ 57
手动模式（MANUAL MODE） ........................................................................................... 57
DCC 模式(DCC MODE) .......................................................................................................... 57
7. 测头选项(PROBE OPTIONS).................................................................................................................57
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.
测头选项概述(OVERVIEW-PROBE OPTIONS).................................................................... 58
建立新的测头文件(CREATING A NEW PROBE FILE) ....................................................... 60
校验一个测头(CALIBRATING A PROBE) ............................................................................. 63
添加新的测杆位置(ADDING NEW TIP POSITIONS) ......................................................... 65
校验新的角度位置(CALIBRATING THE NEW ANGLES)................................................. 66
观察校验结果（VIEWING CALIBRATION RESULT ）..................................................... 66
工作平面(WORK PLANE) .......................................................................................................... 67
3
PPCC--DDMMIISS 初初级级教教程程
8. 手操作的功能(MANUAL FEATURES)................................................................................................69
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
8.6.
8.7.
手动测量点(MEASURING A MANUAL POINT) .................................................................. 69
手动测量平面(MEASURING A MANUAL PLANE) ............................................................ 69
手动测量线(MEASURING A MANUAL LINE) ..................................................................... 70
手动测圆(MEASURING A MANUAL CIRCLE).................................................................... 70
手动测圆柱(MEASURING A MANUALCYLINDER) ......................................................... 71
手动测量圆锥(MEASURING A MANUALCONE) ............................................................... 71
手动测量球(MEASURING A MANUALSPHERE) ............................................................... 71
9. 建坐标系（ALIGNMENTS） .................................................................................................................73
9.1.
9.2.
9.3.
9.4.
9.5.
9.5.1.
9.5.2.
9.5.3.
9.5.4.
9.5.5.
9.6.
9.7.
9.7.1.
9.7.2.
9.7.3.
9.8.
9.8.1.
9.8.2.
9.8.3.
建坐标系概述(ALIGNMENTS OVERVIEW)......................................................................... 73
零件的找正(LEVEL TO THE PART)......................................................................................... 73
旋转到轴线(ROTATE TO THE AXIS) ...................................................................................... 74
设置原点(ORIGIN)........................................................................................................................ 75
3-2-1 建坐标系基础：(BASIC 3-2-1 ALIGNMENT)............................................................ 76
零件找正 ............................................................................................................................76
旋转到轴线........................................................................................................................77
设置原点 ............................................................................................................................78
一步一步的办法 ...............................................................................................................79
自动建坐标系的方法：..................................................................................................81
存一个坐标系(SAVING A ALIGNMENT) ............................................................................... 82
3-2-1 建坐标系与旋转(ALIGNMENT WITH ROTATION) ................................................. 84
零件找正 ............................................................................................................................84
旋转到轴线........................................................................................................................84
设置原点 ............................................................................................................................86
3-2-1 建坐标系与偏置(3-2-1 ALIGNMENT WITH OFFSETS).......................................... 90
找正零件 ............................................................................................................................90
旋转到轴线........................................................................................................................90
设置原点 ............................................................................................................................93
用 CAD 资料，利用 3-2-1 来建坐标系的基础知识(BASIC 3-2-1 ALIGNMENT WITH
95
用 CAD 加旋转，利用 3-2-1 原则来建坐标系(3-2-1 ALIGNMET WITH ROTATION
9.9.
CAD)
9.10.
AND CAD) 97
9.11.
CAD)
用 CAD 加偏置，利用 3-2-1 原则来建坐标系(3-2-1 ALIGNMET WITH OFFSET AND
99
10. 添加尺寸介绍(INTRODUCTION TO ADDING DIMENSIONS)......................................... 101
10.1.
10.2.
尺寸概述(OVERVIEW -DIMENSIONS)............................................................................. 101
位置度(LOCATION)............................................................................................................... 102
11. 编辑窗口(THE EDIT WINDOW)................................................................................................... 104
11.1.
11.2.
编辑窗口概述（OVERVIEW - EDIT WINDOW） ............................................................. 104
设置检测报告（CONFIGURE INSPECTION REPORT） ................................................ 105
4
11.3.
11.4.
11.5.
11.6.
11.7.
11.8.
11.9.
11.10.
11.11.
11.12.
11.13.
11.14.
11.15.
11.16.
11.17.
11.18.
11.19.
11.20.
11.21.
11.22.
11.23.
11.24.
11.25.
PPCC--DDMMIISS 初初级级教教程程
设置零件程序（CONFIGURE PART PROGRAM） .......................................................... 105
调入检测报告（LOAD INSPECTION REPORT ） ............................................................. 106
打印一个检测报告（PRINTING AN INSPECTION REPORT ）..................................... 107
设置打印输出（CONFIGURE PRINT OUTPUT） ............................................................ 108
改变字型和颜色(CHANGING FONTS AND COLORS) .................................................... 109
工具栏图标（TOOLBAR ICONS）........................................................................................ 111
应用书签（USING BOOKMARKS） .................................................................................... 111
选用书签 （TOGGLE BOOKMARK） ............................................................................ 112
下一个书签（NEXT BOOKMARK） ............................................................................... 112
清除所有书签（CLEAR ALL BOOKMARKS） ............................................................ 113
应用断点（USING BREAKPOINTS） ............................................................................. 113
嵌入及移去断点（INSERT/REMOVE BREAKPOINT）............................................. 114
嵌入缺省设置（INSERT DEFAULTS） ........................................................................... 114
移走缺省设置（REMOVE DEFAULTS） ........................................................................ 114
移走所有的断点（REMOVE ALL） ................................................................................. 114
寻找一个元素（FINDING A FEATURE） ....................................................................... 114
到指定行（GOING TO A LINE） ...................................................................................... 115
执行程序（EXECUTING THE PROGRAM） ................................................................ 116
执行（EXECUTE） ............................................................................................................... 116
从.。。。执行（EXECUTE FROM ） ................................................................................... 116
标记（MARK） ...................................................................................................................... 116
标记全部（MARK ALL）.................................................................................................... 117
清除标记（CLEAR MARKED）........................................................................................ 117
12. 注释（COMMENTS） .......................................................................................................................118
12.1.
12.2.
12.3.
12.4.
12.5.
操作者类（OPERATOR）.................................................................................................... 118
报告类（REPORT） .............................................................................................................. 118
输入类（INPUT） .................................................................................................................. 118
文件类（DOCUMENT） ...................................................................................................... 119
YES/NO 类（YES / NO）..................................................................................................... 119
13. 加上统计功能(ADDING STATISTICS)........................................................................................ 120
14. 输入 CAD 文件(IMPORTING CAD FILES)............................................................................... 122
14.1.
14.2.
14.3.
14.4.
14.5.
14.6.
14.7.
14.8.
14.9.
14.10.
设置(SET UP) ........................................................................................................................... 125
通用项(GENERAL) ................................................................................................................ 126
零件/测量机设置(PART/CMM SETUP)............................................................................. 129
尺寸设置(DIMENSION SET UP) ........................................................................................ 130
编号设置选项(ID SETUP OPTIONS)................................................................................. 134
参数(PARAMETERS)： ........................................................................................................ 135
尺寸参数(DIMENSION PARAMETERS)： ..................................................................... 137
安全平面参数(CLEARANCE PLANE PARAMETERS) ............................................... 140
测头参数（PROBEING PARAMETERS）） .................................................................... 141
运动参数(MOTION PARAMETERS)................................................................................. 141
5
PPCC--DDMMIISS 初初级级教教程程
14.11.
测头读出窗口(PROBE READOUT WINDOW)............................................................... 143
15. 控制颜色(MANIPULATEING COLORS) ................................................................................... 145
15.1.
15.2.
15.3.
改变屏幕颜色(CHANGING SCREEN COLOR).............................................................. 145
编辑尺寸颜色(EDIT DIMENSION COLOR)： ............................................................... 146
改变 CAD 颜色(CHANGING CAD COLORS)................................................................ 146
16. 自动功能(AUTO UTILITIES)......................................................................................................... 147
17. 矢量点（VECTORS）....................................................................................................................... 152
没有 CAD 文件或名义值的矢量点(VECTOR POINT WITHOUT CAD OR
17.1.
NOMINNAL DATA )....................................................................................................................................... 152
17.2.
利用键入数据的矢量点(VECTOR POINT USING KEYED IN DATA)..................... 153
18. 圆.............................................................................................................................................................. 154
18.1.
18.2.
DATA)
18.3.
圆的的附加选项(ADDITIONAL OPTIONS FOR CIRCLE) ......................................... 155
没有 CAD 或名义尺寸的圆的测量(CIRCLE WITHOUT ANY CAD OR NORMINAL
157
用键盘输入圆数据(CIRCLE USING KEYED IN DATA).............................................. 157
19. 手动“自动元素检测并”应用 CAD 数据。 ............................................................................... 158
19.1.
19.2.
19.3.
19.4.
19.5.
19.6.
19.7.
19.8.
利用线框数据在屏幕上测矢量点....................................................................................... 158
用线框及坐标测量机来建矢量点....................................................................................... 159
利用 CAD 曲面数据在屏幕上测矢量点 ........................................................................... 160
利用 CAD 曲面数据在测量机上测矢量点 ....................................................................... 160
利用 CAD 线框数据在屏幕上测圆 .................................................................................... 161
利用 CAD 线框数据用测量机测圆 .................................................................................... 162
利用 CAD 曲面数据在屏幕上测圆 .................................................................................... 163
利用 CAD 曲面数据在测量机上测圆 ................................................................................ 163
20. 构造元素选项（INTRODUCTION TO CONS TRUCTION OPTIONS） ......................... 165
20.1.
20.2.
20.3.
20.4.
20.5.
20.6.
20.7.
20.8.
20.9.
20.10.
20.11.
20.12.
20.13.
20.14.
构造点概述(OVERVIEW-CONSTRUCT POINT) ........................................................... 165
在原点构造点(CONSTRUCTING A POINT AT THE ORIGIN) ................................... 166
构造一个偏置点(CONSTRUCTING AN OFFSET POINT) .......................................... 166
构造一个交点(CONSTRUCTING AN INTERSECTION POINT) ............................... 167
线(LINE).................................................................................................................................... 167
构造线概述(OVERVIEW -CONSTRUCT LINE) .............................................................. 167
自动构造线(CONSTRUCTING AN AUTO LINE) .......................................................... 168
构造二维直线(CONSTRUCTING A 2D LINE)................................................................ 168
构造三维直线(CONSTRUCTING A 3D LINE)................................................................ 169
构造一个最佳拟合直线(CONSTRUCTING A BEST FIT LINE) ................................. 169
构造一条偏置直线(CONSTRUCTING AN OFFSET LINE) ......................................... 170
平面(PLANE) ........................................................................................................................... 171
构造平面概述(OVERVIEW-CONSTRUCT A PLANE) ................................................. 171
构造一个最佳拟合平面(CONSTRUCTING A BEST FIT PLANE)............................. 172
6
20.15.
20.16.
20.17.
PPCC--DDMMIISS 初初级级教教程程
用最佳拟合来建立重新补偿(CONSTRUCTING A BEST FIT RECOMP) ................ 172
构造一个偏置平面(CONSTRUCTING AN OFFSET PLANE)..................................... 172
覆盖概述（OVERVIEW-OVERRIDE）............................................................................ 173
21.
DCC 元素(DCC FEATURE) ............................................................................................................ 174
21.1.
什么是安全平面(WHAT IS A CLEARANCE PLANE?)： ............................................ 174
22. 嵌入一个移动(INSERTING MOVES)........................................................................................... 176
22.1.
22.2.
22.3.
22.4.
移动到(MOVE TO)................................................................................................................. 176
嵌入移动(INSERT MOVE) ................................................................................................... 176
嵌入移动到点(INSERT MOVE POINT)............................................................................ 177
嵌入移动到安全平面(INSERT MOVE CLEARPLANE) ............................................... 177
23. 在 DCC 情况下元素自动判断(AUTO FEATURES UNDER DCC)...................................... 178
24. 扫描介绍(INTRODUCTION TO SCANNING)(LINEAR OPEN SCAN) ........................... 182
24.1.
线性开式扫描（LINEAR OPEN SCAN）........................................................................ 188
7
PPCC--DDMMIISS 初初级级教教程程
1. 坐标测量机历史(HISTORY OF THE CMM)
第一台三坐标测量机出现于 60 年代中期。它是手动的 RapidCheck 型号,制造商可
能是 Hansford，这些早期型号今天看来十分简单，同时也不配有计算机。
虽然现代的测量机比早期的功能要高级很多，但基本原理是相同的，即建一个刚性的
结构，此结构有三个互相垂直的轴，每个轴向安装光栅尺，并分别定义为 X、Y、Z 轴。
为了让每个轴能够移动，每个轴向装有空气轴承或机械轴承。
某种读数装置用来记录测量机任一时候的位置，而且在垂直轴上应当有一种测头装置。
8
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