1998 年上海华东师范大学教育心理学考研真题 一、解释下列术语（任选其中 8 个术语作答，每一解释满分为 5 分，共 40 分） 1、陈述性知识 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2、程序性知识 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3、先行组织者 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4、动作技能 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5、行为目标 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6、态度 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 7、生成学习 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 8、替代强化 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 9、最近发展区 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 10、定义性概念 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 二、问答题（任选 其中 3 个作答，每个问题满分为 20 分，共 60 分） 1、 陈述加涅在智慧技能领域中所提出的学习分类，并分析他在此基础上提出的"学习层级 论"对教学设计的含义。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_____________________________________________________________ 2、 以下是心理学家对态度的改变及品德的形成所提出的诸种理论解释，请就这些理论观点 指出它们对态度与品德教育的启示。A.认知发展观 B。社会学习理论 C。认知失调论 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3、 早在 80 年代中期认知心理学家就已注意到影响问题解决的三大要素是∶A。智慧 技能，B。认知策略，C。有组织的言语信息（图式）。请合当今对解决问题的专家与新手的 比较研究范式谈在这方面的研究进展。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4、试比较奥苏泊尔的同化理论与加涅的学习层级理论的异同及适用性。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5、下面是一位著名足球教练写的关于他如何教阻劫技能的经验∶ "在训练初，我将阻劫技术加以分解，最终运动员能在不假思索的条件下完成阻劫。我力求 在一短时间内提供充分的练习，而一次不要求运动员练习太多的动作。我坚持要求运动员分 别练习阻劫的局部动作。我仔细观察我的孩子们，我告诉他们正在练习的技能是什么。当我 对他们的错误进行解释时，他们似乎练得更好，并这项活动" 请对上经验中已被心理学研究证明是有效的动作技能的学习因素作出分析。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________