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mastering go packt 2018.pdf

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    Title Page
    Copyright and Credits
    Mastering Go
    Packt Upsell
    Why subscribe?
    PacktPub.com
    Contributors
    About the author
    About the reviewer
    Packt is searching for authors like you
    Preface
    Who this book is for
    What this book covers
    To get the most out of this book
    Download the example code files
    Download the color images
    Conventions used
    Get in touch
    Reviews
    Go and the Operating System
    The structure of the book
    The history of Go
    Why learn Go?
    Go advantages
    Is Go perfect?
    What is a preprocessor?
    The godoc utility
    Compiling Go code
    Executing Go code
    Two Go rules
    You either use a Go package or do not include it
    There is only one way to format curly braces
    Downloading Go packages
    Unix stdin, stdout, and stderr
    About printing output
    Using standard output
    Getting user input
    About := and =
    Reading from standard input
    Working with command-line arguments
    About error output
    Writing to log files
    Logging levels
    Logging facilities
    Log servers
    A Go program that sends information to log files
    About log.Fatal()
    About log.Panic()
    Error handling in Go
    The error data type
    Error handling
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Understanding Go Internals
    The Go compiler
    Garbage Collection
    The Tricolor algorithm
    More about the operation of the Go Garbage Collector
    Unsafe code
    About the unsafe package
    Another example of the unsafe package
    Calling C code from Go
    Calling C code from Go using the same file
    Calling C code from Go using separate files
    The C code
    The Go code
    Mixing Go and C code
    Calling Go functions from C code
    The Go package
    The C code
    The defer keyword
    Panic and Recover
    Using the panic function on its own
    Two handy Unix utilities
    The strace tool
    The dtrace tool
    Your Go environment
    The Go Assembler
    Node Trees
    Learning more about go build
    General Go coding advices
    Additional Resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Working with Basic Go Data Types
    Go loops
    The for loop
    The while loop
    The range keyword
    Examples of Go for loops
    Go arrays
    Multi-dimensional arrays
    The shortcomings of Go arrays
    Go slices
    Performing basic operations on slices
    Slices are being expanded automatically
    Byte slices
    The copy() function
    Multidimensional slices
    Another example of slices
    Sorting slices using sort.slice()
    Go maps
    Storing to a nil map
    When you should use a map?
    Go constants
    The constant generator iota
    Go pointers
    Dealing with times and dates
    Working with times
    Parsing times
    Working with dates
    Parsing dates
    Changing date and time formats
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    The Uses of Composite Types
    About composite types
    Structures
    Pointers to structures
    Using the new keyword
    Tuples
    Regular expressions and pattern matching
    Now for some theory
    A simple example
    A more advanced example
    Matching IPv4 addresses
    Strings
    What is a rune?
    The Unicode package
    The strings package
    The switch statement
    Calculating Pi with great accuracy
    Developing a key/value store in Go
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Enhancing Go Code with Data Structures
    About graphs and nodes
    Algorithm complexity
    Binary trees in Go
    Implementing a binary tree in Go
    Advantages of binary trees
    Hash tables in Go
    Implementing a hash table in Go
    Implementing the lookup functionality
    Advantages of hash tables
    Linked lists in Go
    Implementing a linked list in Go
    Advantages of linked lists
    Doubly linked lists in Go
    Implementing a doubly linked list in Go
    Advantages of doubly linked lists
    Queues in Go
    Implementing a queue in Go
    Stacks in Go
    Implementing a stack in Go
    The container package
    Using container/heap
    Using container/list
    Using container/ring
    Generating random numbers
    Generating random strings
    Additional Resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    What You Might Not Know About Go Packages
    About Go packages
    About Go functions
    Anonymous functions
    Functions that return multiple values
    The return values of a function can be named!
    Functions with pointer parameters
    Functions that return pointers
    Functions that return other functions
    Functions that accept other functions as parameters
    Developing your own Go packages
    Compiling a Go package
    Private variables and functions
    The init() function
    Reading the Go code of a standard Go package
    Exploring the code of the net/url package
    Looking at the Go code of the log/syslog package
    Creating good Go packages
    The syscall package
    Finding out how fmt.Println() really works
    Text and HTML templates
    Generating text output
    Constructing HTML output
    Basic SQLite3 commands
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Reflection and Interfaces for All Seasons
    Type methods
    Go interfaces
    About type assertion
    Developing your own interfaces
    Using a Go interface
    Using switch with interface and data types
    Reflection
    A simple Reflection example
    A more advanced reflection example
    The three disadvantages of reflection
    Object-oriented programming in Go!
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Telling a Unix System What to Do
    About Unix processes
    The flag package
    The io.Reader and io.Writer interfaces
    Buffered and unbuffered file input and output
    The bufio package
    Reading text files
    Reading a text file line by line
    Reading a text file word by word
    Reading a text file character by character
    Reading from /dev/random
    Reading the amount of data you want from a file
    Why are we using binary format?
    Reading CSV files
    Writing to a file
    Loading and saving data on disk
    The strings package revisited
    About the bytes package
    File permissions
    Handling Unix signals
    Handling two signals
    Handling all signals
    Programming Unix pipes in Go
    Implementing the cat(1) utility in Go
    Traversing directory trees
    Using eBPF from Go
    About syscall.PtraceRegs
    Tracing system calls
    User ID and group ID
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Go Concurrency – Goroutines, Channels, and Pipelines
    About processes, threads, and goroutines
    The Go scheduler
    Concurrency and parallelism
    Goroutines
    Creating a goroutine
    Creating multiple goroutines
    Waiting for your goroutines to finish
    What if the number of Add() and Done() calls do not agree?
    Channels
    Writing to a channel
    Reading from a channel
    Channels as function parameters
    Pipelines
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Go Concurrency – Advanced Topics
    The Go scheduler revisited
    The GOMAXPROCS environment variable
    The select keyword
    Timing out a goroutine
    Timing out a goroutine – take 1
    Timing out a goroutine – take 2
    Go channels revisited
    Signal channels
    Buffered channels
    Nil channels
    Channel of channels
    Specifying the order of execution for your goroutines
    Shared memory and shared variables
    The sync.Mutex type
    What happens if you forget to unlock a mutex?
    The sync.RWMutex type
    Sharing memory using goroutines
    Catching race conditions
    The context package
    An advanced example of the context package
    Worker pools
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Code Testing, Optimization, and Profiling
    The Go version used in this chapter
    Comparing Go version 1.10 with Go version 1.9
    Installing a beta or RC version of Go
    About optimization
    Optimizing Go code
    Profiling Go code
    The net/http/pprof standard Go package
    A simple profiling example
    A convenient external package for profiling
    The web interface of the Go profiler
    A profiling example that uses the web interface
    A quick introduction to Graphviz
    The go tool trace utility
    Testing Go code
    Writing tests for existing Go code
    Benchmarking Go code
    A simple benchmarking example
    A wrong benchmark function
    Benchmarking buffered writing
    Finding unreachable Go code
    Cross-compilation
    Creating example functions
    Generating documentation
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    The Foundations of Network Programming in Go
    About net/http, net, and http.RoundTripper
    The http.Response type
    The http.Request type
    The http.Transport type
    About TCP/IP
    About IPv4 and IPv6
    The nc(1) command-line utility
    Reading the configuration of network interfaces
    Performing DNS lookups
    Getting the NS records of a domain
    Getting the MX records of a domain
    Creating a web server in Go
    Profiling an HTTP server
    Creating a website in Go
    HTTP tracing
    Testing HTTP handlers
    Creating a web client in Go
    Making your Go web client more advanced
    Timing out HTTP connections
    More information about SetDeadline
    Setting the timeout period on the server side
    Yet another way to time out!
    Wireshark and tshark tools
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Network Programming – Building Servers and Clients
    The net standard Go package
    A TCP client
    A slightly different version of the TCP client
    A TCP server
    A slightly different version of the TCP server
    A UDP client
    Developing a UDP server
    A concurrent TCP server
    A handy concurrent TCP server
    Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
    The RPC client
    The RPC server
    Doing low-level network programming
    Grabbing raw ICMP network data
    Where to go next?
    Additional resources
    Exercises
    Summary
    Other Books You May Enjoy
    Leave a review - let other readers know what you think
    Download from finelybook 7450911@qq.com Mastering Go Create Golang production applications using network libraries, concurrency, and advanced Go data structures 2
    Download from finelybook 7450911@qq.com Mihalis Tsoukalos BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI 3
    Download from finelybook 7450911@qq.com Mastering Go Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Acquisition Editors: Frank Pohlmann, Suresh Jain Project Editor: Kishor Rit Content Development Editor: Gary Schwarts Technical Editors: Gaurav Gavas, Nidhisha Shetty Proofreader: Tom Jacob Indexer: Mariammal Chettiyar Graphics: Tom Scaria Production Coordinator: Shantanu Zagade First published: April 2018 Production reference: 1270418 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-78862-654-5 www.packtpub.com 4
    Download from finelybook 7450911@qq.com Packt Upsell mapt.io Mapt is an online digital library that gives you full access to over 5,000 books and videos, as well as industry leading tools to help you plan your personal development and advance your career. For more information, please visit our website. 5
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    Download from finelybook 7450911@qq.com PacktPub.com Did you know that Packt offers eBook versions of every book published, with PDF and ePub files available? You can upgrade to the eBook version at www.PacktPub.com and as a print book customer, you are entitled to a discount on the eBook copy. Get in touch with us at service@packtpub.com for more details. At www.PacktPub.com, you can also read a collection of free technical articles, sign up for a range of free newsletters, and receive exclusive discounts and offers on Packt books and eBooks. 7
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