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Introduction to Communication Electronic Warfare Systems
For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Information Warfare Library, turn to the back of this book.
Introduction to Communication Electronic Warfare Systems Richard Poisel Artech House Boston London www.artechhouse.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Poisel, Richard. Introduction to communication electronic warfare systems / Richard Poisel. p. cm. (Artech House information warfare library) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58053-344-2 (alk. paper) 1. Military telecommunications. 2. Information warfare. 3. Computer networksSecurity measures. 4. Electronics in military engineering. I. Title. II. Series. UG590 .P65 355.343dc21 2002 2001056572 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Poisel, Richard Introduction to communication electronic warfare systems. (Artech House information warfare library) 1. Electronics in military engineering 2. Communications, Military I. Title 623.73 ISBN 1-58053-344-2 Cover design by Igor Valdman ' 2002 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in- cluding photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, with- out permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa- tion. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade- mark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-344-2 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001056572 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Communication Electronic Warfare Systems 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Information Warfare 1.3 Electronic Warfare 1.3.1 Electronic Support 1.3.2 Electronic Attack 1.3.3 Electronic Protect 1.4 Electronic Support 1.4.1 Low Probability of xiii xv 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 5 Detection/Interception/Exploitation 1.4.2 Future Communication Environments 1.4.3 Wired Communications 1.4.4 ES Summary 1.5 Electronic Attack 1.5.1 EA Summary 1.6 Typical EW System Configuration 1.6.1 System Control 1.6.2 Antennas 1.6.3 Signal Distribution 1.6.4 Search Receiver 1.6.5 Set-On Receiver 1.6.6 Signal Processing 1.6.7 Direction-Finding Signal Processing 1.6.8 Exciter 1.6.9 Power Amplifier 1.6.10 Filters 1.6.11 Communications 1.7 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Signal Propagation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Signal Propagation 2.3 RF Band Designations v 7 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 19 19 19 20
vi Introduction to Communication Electronic Warfare Systems 2.4 Polarization 2.5 Power Density 2.6 Free-Space Propagation 2.7 Direct Wave 2.8 Wave Diffraction 2.9 Reflected Waves 2.10 Surface Wave 2.11 Ducting 2.12 Meteor Burst 2.13 Scattering 2.14 Characteristics of the Mobile VHF Channel 2.15 Propagation Via the Ionosphere 2.15.1 Ionospheric Layers 2.15.2 Refraction 2.15.3 Near-Vertical Incidence Sky Wave 2.15.4 HF Fading 2.15.5 Maximum Usable Frequency and Lowest Usable 2.15.6 Automatic Link Establishment 2.16 Concluding Remarks References Frequency 22 22 24 27 33 35 40 41 41 42 43 46 46 48 50 50 51 52 52 53 Chapter 3 Noise and Interference 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Thermal Noise 3.3 Internal Noise Sources 3.4 External Noise Sources 3.5 Cochannel and Multipath Interference 3.6 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 4 Radio Communication Technologies 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Modulation 4.2.1 Amplitude Modulation 4.2.2 Angle Modulation 4.2.3 Orthogonal Signaling 4.2.4 Access Methods 4.2.5 Duplexing 4.2.6 Digital Signaling 4.2.7 Spread Spectrum 55 55 56 56 57 59 60 60 61 61 63 65 67 71 73 77 78 97
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