Introduction to Communication Electronic
Warfare Systems
For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Information Warfare Library,
turn to the back of this book.
Introduction to Communication Electronic
Warfare Systems
Richard Poisel
Artech House
Boston  London
www.artechhouse.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Poisel, Richard.
Introduction to communication electronic warfare systems / Richard Poisel.
p. cm.  (Artech House information warfare library)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58053-344-2 (alk. paper)
1. Military telecommunications. 2. Information warfare. 3. Computer
networksSecurity measures. 4. Electronics in military engineering. I. Title. II. Series.
UG590 .P65
355.343dc21
2002
2001056572
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Poisel, Richard
Introduction to communication electronic warfare systems. 
(Artech House information warfare library)
1. Electronics in military engineering 2. Communications,
Military
I. Title
623.73
ISBN 1-58053-344-2
Cover design by Igor Valdman
' 2002 ARTECH HOUSE, INC.
685 Canton Street
Norwood, MA 02062
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in-
cluding photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, with-
out permission in writing from the publisher.
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have
been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa-
tion. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade-
mark or service mark.
International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-344-2
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001056572
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents 
 
 
Preface   
 
Acknowledgments       
 
Chapter 1 Communication Electronic Warfare Systems 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   1.1 Introduction  
 
 
   1.2 Information Warfare  
 
   1.3 Electronic Warfare 
 
         1.3.1 Electronic Support   
 
         1.3.2 Electronic Attack 
 
         1.3.3 Electronic Protect 
   1.4 Electronic Support 
 
          1.4.1 Low Probability of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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     Detection/Interception/Exploitation    
   1.4.2 Future Communication Environments 
           
 
 
   1.4.3 Wired Communications  
           
 
   1.4.4 ES Summary   
 
 
    
 
 
   1.5 Electronic Attack 
  
           1.5.1 EA Summary  
 
 
   1.6 Typical EW System Configuration  
 
          1.6.1 System Control 
 
               
          1.6.2 Antennas   
 
 
 
          1.6.3 Signal Distribution  
 
 
          1.6.4 Search Receiver 
 
          1.6.5 Set-On Receiver 
 
          1.6.6 Signal Processing   
 
          1.6.7 Direction-Finding Signal Processing   
               
          1.6.8 Exciter 
 
 
          1.6.9 Power Amplifier 
 
          1.6.10 Filters 
               
 
 
          1.6.11 Communications   
               
 
   1.7 Concluding Remarks  
   References  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
               
 
 
               
 
               
               
               
               
 
 
 
 
 
 
               
 
 
 
 
 
 
               
 
 
 
               
 
 
 
               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Signal Propagation  
   2.1  Introduction 
 
   2.2  Signal Propagation   
 
          2.3  RF Band Designations 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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vi                     Introduction to Communication Electronic Warfare Systems 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   2.4  Polarization 
 
 
 
   2.5  Power Density   
 
 
 
   2.6  Free-Space Propagation   
 
 
   2.7  Direct Wave 
 
 
 
 
 
   2.8  Wave Diffraction 
 
 
 
   2.9  Reflected Waves 
 
 
 
   2.10 Surface Wave   
 
 
   2.11 Ducting 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   2.12 Meteor Burst 
 
   2.13 Scattering   
 
 
 
 
   2.14 Characteristics of the Mobile VHF Channel 
 
   2.15 Propagation Via the Ionosphere 
 
 
 
 
    2.15.1 Ionospheric Layers 
 
    2.15.2 Refraction 
 
 
    2.15.3 Near-Vertical Incidence Sky Wave  
 
    2.15.4 HF Fading 
 
    2.15.5 Maximum Usable Frequency and Lowest Usable 
 
 
 
 
 
    2.15.6 Automatic Link Establishment  
 
 
   2.16 Concluding Remarks 
   References  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Frequency 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Chapter 3 Noise and Interference 
 
 
 
 
   3.1 Introduction  
 
   3.2 Thermal Noise 
 
   3.3 Internal Noise Sources 
   3.4 External Noise Sources 
 
   3.5 Cochannel and Multipath Interference   
   3.6 Concluding Remarks  
 
 
 
   References  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chapter 4 Radio Communication Technologies 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   4.1 Introduction  
   4.2 Modulation  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 
  4.2.1 Amplitude Modulation   
 
  4.2.2 Angle Modulation   
 
  4.2.3 Orthogonal Signaling 
  4.2.4 Access Methods 
 
 
  4.2.5 Duplexing  
 
 
  4.2.6 Digital Signaling 
  4.2.7 Spread Spectrum 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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