It's your choice!
New Modular Organization!
Appncatirms emphasis: A course that covers the principles of database systems and emphasizes
how they are used in developing data-intensive applications.
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f,;~tY'W';Yl~t';;:;,~7' A course that has a strong systems emphasis and assumes that students have
good programming skills in C and C++.
Hybrid course: Modular organization allows you to teach the course with the emphasis you want.
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Conceptual Design
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and XML Data
Management
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Third Edition
Raghu Ramakrishnan
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin, USA
•
Johannes Gehrke
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York, USA
Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis
Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur
London Madrid Mexico City
Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
Lisbon
McGraw-Hill Higher Education tz
A Lhvision of The McGraw-Hill Companies
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, THIRD EDITION
International Edition 2003
Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill Education (Asia), for manufacture and export. This
book cannot be re-exported from the country to which it is sold by McGraw-Hill. The
International Edition is not available in North America.
Published by McGraw-Hili, a business unit of The McGraw-Hili Companies, Inc., 1221
Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2003, 2000, 1998 by The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
Inc.,
system, without
including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission,
or broadcast for distance learning.
Some ancillaries,
customers outside the United States.
including electronic and print components, may not be available to
the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03
20 09 08 07 06 05 04
CTF
BJE
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ramakrishnan, Raghu
Database management systems / Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke.~3rd ed.
p.
cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-07-246563-8-ISBN 0-07-115110-9 (ISE)
1. Database management. 1. Gehrke, Johannes.
II. Title.
QA76.9.D3 R237 2003
005.74--Dc21
2002075205
CIP
When ordering this title, use ISBN 0-07-123151-X
Printed in Singapore
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To Apu, Ketan, and Vivek with love
To Keiko and Elisa