ARM嵌入式Linux系统开发完整版.pdf

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.................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 ....................................................................................................................... 1 ............................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................... 4 ................................................................................................... 5 ........................................................................................... 7 Linux Linux Linux ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 ARM 2.2 ARM ARM 2.1.1 ARM 2.1.2 ARM 2.1.3 Linux 2.2.1 ARM 2.2.2 ARM 2.2.3 Thumb ............................................................................................................. 8 ...................................................................................................... 9 ........................................................................................ 10 ........................................................................................ 12 ................................................................................................................... 13 ............................................................................ 13 ............................................................................................ 15 ................................................................................................. 17 .................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1 Atmel AT91RM9200............................................................................................ 17 2.3.2 Samsung S3C2410 ............................................................................................... 18 ................................................................................... 19 2.3.3 TI OMAP1510/1610 2.3.4 Freescale i.Max21 ................................................................................................ 22 ......................................................................................... 23 2.3.5 Intel Xscale PXA .................................................................................................... 24 ................................................................................. 24 .......................................................................................... 26 S3C2410 S3C2410 2.4.1 2.4.2 ARM 2.3 2.4 ................................................................................................................ 28

2 ARM 3.1 Linux Shell Shell 3.1.1 Shell 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 .............................................................................................................. 28 ............................................................................................................ 28 .................................................................................................... 30 .................................................................................................... 38 .......................................................................................................... 42 .......................................................................................................... 44 3.2 Makefile .......................................................................................................................... 48 3.2.1 GNU make ........................................................................................................... 48 .............................................................................................. 49 3.2.2 Makefile .............................................................................. 51 3.2.3 Makefile ................................................................................................. 52 ....................................................................................... 52 ........................................................................................ 54 ....................................................................................................... 54 ................................................................................................. 54 ............................................................................................. 56 .............................................................................................. 60 ................................................................................................ 60 .................................................................................................... 61 .................................................................................................................. 66 ............................................................................................... 66 ................................................................................................... 67 ....................................................................................................... 70 GCC 3.4.1 GCC 3.4.2 GCC GDB 3.5.1 GDB 3.5.2 GDB 3.3.1 GNU Binutils 3.3.2 Binutils 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Linux 3.6.1 Linux 3.6.2 Linux 3.6.3 Linux 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 DHCP 4.3.4 TFTP 4.3.5 NFS .................................................................................................................. 73 ......................................................................................................... 73 .............................................................................................. 73 .................................................................................. 75 .............................................................................................................. 76 ...................................................................................................... 77 ......................................................................................................... 78 .......................................................................................... 78 .................................................................................................. 79 ......................................................................................................... 80 ...................................................................................................... 80 .................................................................................................. 81 .......................................................................................................... 84 ........................................................................................................... 85 ............................................................................................................. 86

4.4 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.3 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.5.1 4.5.2 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.3.1 5.3.2 1 3 ..................................................................................................................... 88 ...................................................................................................... 88 ...................................................................................................... 89 .................................................................................................. 90 ............................................................................................. 91 .................................................................................................. 91 .............................................................................................. 92 .............................................................................................................. 94 ..................................................................................................................... 94 ...................................................................................................... 94 .................................................................................................. 95 .................................................................................................. 97 ............................................................................................................. 98 ...................................................................................................... 98 binutils......................................................................................................... 99 .................................................................................. 100 GCC .............................................................................................. 101 .......................................................................... 105 GCC ........................................................................................................... 106 ................................................................................................ 106 gdbserver ................................................................................................... 106 glibc ...................................................................................................................... 108 6.1.1 Bootloader 6.1.2 Bootloader 6.1.3 Bootloader 6.2 U-Boot 6.1 Bootloader ..................................................................................................................... 108 ................................................................................................. 108 ............................................................................................. 109 ..............................................................................................111 ...................................................................................................................113 ................................................................................................113 ................................................................................................113 ....................................................................................................114 ....................................................................................................117 ...............................................................................................118 .............................................................................................................. 121 ........................................................................................................ 121 ............................................................................................................ 121 ............................................................................................... 123 ....................................................................................... 128 6.2.1 U-Boot 6.2.2 U-Boot 6.2.3 U-Boot 6.2.4 U-Boot 6.2.5 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 U-Boot 6.3.4 U-Boot U-Boot 6.3 U-Boot

4 6.4 ARM U-Boot.................................................................................................................. 133 Flash ........................................................................................ 134 ........................................................................................... 134 ........................................................................................... 141 6.4.1 6.4.2 U-Boot 6.4.3 U-Boot U-Boot ................................................................................................................ 143 7.1 Linux 7.1.1 Linux 7.1.2 Linux 7.1.3 Linux 2.6 ............................................................................................................ 143 ......................................................................................... 143 ................................................................................................. 143 ....................................................................................... 144 ....................................................................................................... 147 .................................................................................................... 148 7.2.1 .................................................................................................... 150 7.2.2 7.2.3 Kbuild Makefile ................................................................................................. 157 ............................................................................................................ 169 7.2.4 .................................................................................................... 179 7.2.5 ............................................................................................................... 180 .................................................................................................... 180 .................................................................................................... 181 ............................................................................................ 183 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.2 Linux ................................................................................................................ 185 ............................................................................................................... 185 ............................................................................................ 185 ................................................................................................ 186 .................................................................................................... 194 ............................................................................................ 194 ................................................................................ 194 ................................................................................................ 195 ............................................................................................ 199 ............................................................................................. 201 ................................................................................................ 206 ................................................................................................ 208 ..................................................................................... 209 init vmlinux 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 Linux 8.2.5 8.2.6 8.2.7 ................................................................................................................ 212 9.1 9.1.1 9.1.2 ............................................................................................................... 212 .................................................................................................... 212 ........................................................................................ 213

1 5 9.1.3 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 .................................................................................................... 213 ............................................................................................................... 216 .................................................................... 216 ........................................................................................ 218 .................................................................................................... 220 ............................................................................................................... 227 ........................................................................................................ 227 ................................................................................................... 228 ..................................................................................................... 229 ................................................................................................... 232 ............................................................................................................... 233 ........................................................................................................... 233 9.4.1 oops 9.4.2 panic ................................................................................................................... 234 ............................................................................................................... 236 .................................................................................... 236 ................................................................................ 237 9.5.1 KGDB 9.5.2 BDI2000 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 /proc /sys ioctl ............................................................................................... 242 ................................................................................................. 242 ................................................................................................. 243 .................................................................................................. 246 ............................................................................................................. 247 .............................................................................................. 247 .................................................................................................. 249 .................................................................................................. 251 .................................................................................................. 253 ....................................................................................................... 253 ................................................................................... 256 ............................................................................ 258 ............................................................................................................. 260 .................................................................................................. 260 .................................................................................. 260 ...................................................................................................... 262 ................................................................................................. 262 ................................................................................... 263 .............................................................................................. 264 .............................................................................................................. 265 ........................................................................................... 265 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.1.1 FHS 10.1.2 10.2.1 10.2.2 10.2.3 init 10.3.1 inittab 10.3.2 System V init 10.3.3 Busybox init 10.4.1 10.4.2 11.1 11.1.1 Linux 11.1.2 11.2 Busybox 11.2.1 Busybox

6 11.2.2 11.3 X11 ARM Busybox........................................................................................... 265 ............................................................................................................. 270 .............................................................................................. 270 ..................................................................................................... 270 ..................................................................................................... 271 .................................................................................................................... 277 ............................................................................................................. 277 ........................................................................................... 278 ........................................................................................... 280 ........................................................................... 281 ..................................................................................................... 283 .................................................................................. 283 .................................................................................................. 285 ........................................................................................... 290 .................................................................................................. 292 ...................................................................................... 292 ............................................................................................. 292 .................................................................................. 294 ......................................................................................... 304 ....................................................................................... 304 ....................................................................................... 309 Socket 11.3.1 X Windows 11.3.2 Tiny-X 11.3.3 GTK 11.4 Qt 11.4.1 Qt 11.4.2 Qt/Embedded 11.4.3 Qt/Embedded 11.4.4 Qt/Embedded 11.5 MiniGUI 11.5.1 MiniGUI 11.5.2 MiniGUI 11.6 MicroWindows 11.7 Linux 11.7.1 11.7.2 TCP/IP 11.7.3 Linux Linux 11.8.1 Linux 11.8.2 Linux 11.8 .............................................................................................................. 314 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.1.1 12.1.2 ............................................................................................................. 314 .......................................................................................... 314 .......................................................................................... 315 ............................................................................................................. 315 ...................................................................................... 315 12.2.1 12.2.2 Strace................................................................................................................ 316 12.2.3 Ltrace ............................................................................................................... 316 12.2.4 LTT................................................................................................................... 317 ..................................................................................................... 321 .................................................................................................. 321 12.3.1 12.3.2 LTP................................................................................................................... 324 12.3.3 LMbench .......................................................................................................... 325 ............................................................................................................. 326 12.4.1 mtrace............................................................................................................... 326 12.4.2 dmalloc............................................................................................................. 327 12.4.3 memwatch ........................................................................................................ 328

12.4.4 YAMD.............................................................................................................. 330 ........................................................................................................... 333 1 7 Linux 13.1.1 13.1.2 Linux Linux MTD ................................................................................................. 333 .......................................................................... 333 .......................................................................... 334 ............................................................................................................. 335 13.2.1 EXT2/EXT3 ..................................................................................................... 335 13.2.2 JFS.................................................................................................................... 337 13.2.3 cramfs............................................................................................................... 339 13.2.4 JFFS/JFFS2 ...................................................................................................... 340 13.2.5 YAFFS.............................................................................................................. 341 ..................................................................................................................... 343 ................................................................................................ 343 .................................................................................................. 344 ......................................................................................................... 346 ............................................................................................... 346 .......................................................................................... 347 ..................................................................................... 348 ............................................................... 349 .............................................................................................. 351 13.4.1 13.4.2 13.4.3 13.4.4 13.4.5 RAMDISK MTD 13.3.1 MTD 13.3.2 Linux JFFS2 ...................................................................................................... 352 ..................................................................................................................... 352 ............................................................................................................. 354 ............................................................................................................. 364 ......................................................................................................... 366 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4

Linux Linux 2.6 Linux Linux IDC Linux 50% 3.5 Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux 1 Linux Linux Linux 2 ARM ARM Linux Linux ARM

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