2018年天津商业大学基础英语考研真题.doc

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2018 年天津商业大学基础英语考研真题 I Structure & Vocabulary (每小题 1 分，共 25 分) Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. 1. Intellect is to the mind ______soul is to the body. a. as b. since c. if d. what 2. In the early industrialized countries of Europe, the process of industrialization was spread over nearly a century, _____a developing nation nowadays underwent the same process in a decade or so. a. just as b. thereby c. whereas d. nevertheless 3. For there ______successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement itself by all present. a.to be b.is c .will be d. being 4.Five minutes earlier, ____we would have caught the last train. a. and b .or c. but d. so 5. In the course of a day, students do far more than just _____classes a. attend b. attended c. to attend d. attending 6. In 1945 he worked for Hambro’s Bank, touring the Middle East to report on ___diamond trading. a.. elicit b.. illiberal c. illuminant d. illicit 7. Some people want to _______ the monument, while others want to preserve it so that the young generation could not forget the tragic history. a. demolish b. annihilate c. wreck d. ruin 8. Theseriousillness_________himofhissightandtheuseofhisleg. a.robbedb.excludedc.deprivedd.gripped 9.The__________earthquakelastmonthcausedhundredsofpeoplehomeless. a.unguardedb.overwhelmingc.devastatingd.evil 10.Mountainlifeproducesastrong,tough________ofmen. a.generation b.geniusc.breedd.gang 11.Doesbrainpower________aswegetolder?Scientistsnowhavesomesurprisinganswers. a.collapse b.descendc.deduced.decline

12. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ____a violent act previously seen on television. a. modifying b. reconstructing c. accelerating d. duplicating 13. When the storm broke, the flock of sheep were ______ in all directions. a. straying b. dispersing c. separating d. distributing 14. Being careless, she had her arm _____ by the barbed wire. a. lacerated b. lamented c. juggled d..bemoaned 15. Missiles were mounted at various points to _______ the enemy aircrafts. a. integrate b. jeopardize c. intercept d. interrogate 16. It is well known that knowledge is the ______ condition for expansion of mind. a. incompatible b. incredible c. indefinite d. indispensable. 17. The flowers ____from lack of water. a. withered b. flourished c. vanished d. stopped growing 18. At the inauguration ceremony. The newly elected president _____ his speech with a few words of thanks to his supporters. a. preceded b. proceeded c. precluded d. advanced 19. The rescue was _____after several attempts because the snowstorm was getting worse. a. deserted b. abandoned c .ceased d. rejected 20. She is one of the few professors in this department who have_______. a. bogey b. cessation c. tenure d. penitence 21. Small children are often___________ to nightmares after hearing ghost stories in the dark. a. definitive b. perceptible c. incipient d. susceptible 22. Their relations during the divorce proceeding had been mostly friendly, so his _________ in the judge’s chambers surprised her. a. bellicose b. belligerence c. rebellion d. appease 23. The current production methods will soon be rendered _______since new and better ways are said to be invented. a. ancient b. antique c. obsolete d. archaic 24. Animals or persons that behave in a fierce, cruel or savage way are usually referred to as _______. a. ferocious b. ferrous c. impetuous d. judicious 25. Her bracelet is one of the several valuable gifts _____ on her when she visited

the royal family. a. granted b. bestowed c. awarded d. confirmed II． Error Correction (每小题 2 分，共 10 分) Directions: In this passage there are altogether 5 mistakes in the five numbered and underlined sentences. Try to detect the mistakes and write out your corrected answers on the Answer Sheet. 提示：没有拼写和标点符号错误。 Sample test: He commenced helping the poor. →commenced to help My first marriage was a childless one that ended ten years ago. Now 41, I married my second husband Gary, who was eight years my senior. （1）Because neither of us had brought up the topic of a child before we tied the nuptial knot, I knew I had to take immediate action if I did want one. After turning over all the scenarios, we came up with one advantage: allowing me to experience motherhood, an advantage set off by a list of disadvantages: high risk of childbirth for me, sagging energy that would make us pant while chasing a toddler, possible financial difficulties after retirement, and even the embarrassment to hear someone say “Your grandson is really cute”. I would turn 48 when my child entered the first grade and 60 if I was to see his high school diploma. Gary ’ s numbers would look even more disheartening. With all the extra work and stress coming from the anticipatable and the unforeseeable, we might not be fit enough to attend our child ’ s college graduation. When Gary and I made the sad but practical decision to stick just to each other, I was torn in half in a grave yard silence that followed. (2)Gary had to arrange a trip to the east coast to help easy my disappointment. (3)We were two hours into the deep ocean on a whale watch tour in Boston when a huge humpback suddenly jumped out and flipped over in the air before it dropped belly up, caused tons of water to explode. But before my widened eyes could blink, the creature leaped out a second time, accompanied by a baby whale. Then the bodies went down while the tails shot up, making one spattering after another. The crowd went crazy; and I was mesmerized, not as much by the fantastic sighting as by the closeness of this whale family. My eyes began to swim, and my heart ached. The mother whale must be teaching her baby, and she must be brimming with pride. (4)Gary was busy videotaping, but I wiped my eyes with the back of my hand and started

wondering if some commonsense was worth questioned. How incomplete I would feel for the rest of my life! I wouldn’t have the opportunities to hear the first baby cry, to be enchanted by the sweet babbling and constant leg kicks, to witness the first roll over, the first effort to stand up, the first step, let alone the wedding, the blessing of being a grandma… I would pay to be torn with birth pain; (5)I would pay to have sleepless nights so my baby could sleep in lullaby; I would pay to parent a teenager; I would pay to… That night I didn’t take my pill, and I made love with passion. That night I had a dream: I flipped over the ocean with ecstasy, and I wasn’t alone. III. Paraphrasing (每小题 2 分，共 20 分) Section A: Choose the best one among the three choices that closely restates the underlined part of the sentence. REMEMBER to write your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and safer prey. a. I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky who learned from the British air force how to fight, now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss. b. I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, after suffering severe losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss. c. I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, who, after suffering severe losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy because they think they can stay safe and comfortable at home. 2. The Duchess of Croydon---three centuries and a half of inbred arrogance behind her---did not yield easily. a. The Duchess wouldn't give up easily because she had read history books of the past three hundred and 50 years. b. The Duchess who was as proud as the noble ancestors of three centuries and a half wouldn't give up easily. c. The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from parents of noble families with a history of three centuries and a half. She wouldn't give up easily. 3. The computer might appear to be a dehumanizing factor, but the opposite in that

is true. a. The computer might appear to make human beings machinelike，but it can also destroy human beings. b. The computer might degrade human beings，but it can bring some human qualities into our lives as well． c. The computer might appear to make human beings machinelike，but it can bring some human qualities into our lives as well． 4. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid being concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and miniskirt. a. The attractive scene in Japan is that the high building is like kimono while the small floating house is like miniskirt. b. The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development. c. The constant fighting between old traditional people and young people usually takes place between the high buildings and small floating houses in Japan. 5. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand. a. She thinks that her sister does not take life seriously. b. She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life. c. She thinks that her sister has her life controlled by the others. 6. Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. a. Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then introduce it to the world in his books or lectures. b. Mark Twain first travelled around America, and then introduce it to the world in his books or lectures. c. Mark Twain read the new published book American experience before introducing it to the world in his books or lectures. 7. Spectators paid to gaze at the ape and ponder whether they might be related. a. People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have the same behavior. b. People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry. c. People must pay the price of looking at the ape, which makes then think carefully

whether apes and humans are all aggressive. 8. She existed for me only as a vaguely embarrassing presence. a. I only knew her as a person whose appearance makes others feel awkward. b. Her presence for me is no more than invisible person. c. I only knew her as a person who would make other people feel ill at ease. 9. They make it harder to make a big killing in good times, (because you have to share the trade with other members.) a. They make it more difficult to kill a lot of animals when it is ideal hunting time. b. They make it more difficult to make a large amount of money when economic conditions are favorable. c. They make it more difficult to make a large amount of grain even if the whether is favorable for harvest. 10. Or maybe Laura’s unwitting influence has called it out. a. Or maybe my suppressed inclination has been brought out under Laura's unintentional influence． b. Or maybe Laura’s naivety has helped me release my potential feeling． c. Or maybe Laura’s unintentional influence has made me aware of the meaning of life. IV Blank filling (每空 2 分，共 20 分) Directions: Choose the right word from the list in the box below for each blank. eat charm rift tilled natives differences resistance wings villa ignorantly barrier attack flames asking reconsidering sty descendants unconsciously The glow of the conversation burst into ____1___. There were affirmations and protests and denials, and of course the promise, made in all such conversation, that we would look it up on the morning. That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could still go____2____ on. It was an Australian who had given her such a definition of "the King's English," which produced some rather tart remarks about what one could expect from the ____3____ of convicts. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. Of course, there would be resistance to the King's English in such a society. There is always ____4_____ in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules

for "English as it should be spoken." Look at the language ____5_____ between the Saxon churls and their Norman conquerors. The conversation had swung from Australian convicts of the 19th century to the English peasants of the 12th century. Who was right, who was wrong, did not matter. The conversation was on____6_____. Someone took one of the best-known of examples, which is still always worth the ____7_____. When we talk of meat on our tables we use French words; when we speak of the animals from which the meat comes we use Anglo-Saxon words. It is a pig in its ____8____; it is pork (porc) on the table. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). Chickens become poultry (poulet), and a calf becomes veal (veau). Even if our menus were not written in French out of snobbery, the English we used in them would still be Norman English. What all this tells us is of a deep class ____9____in the culture of England after the Norman conquest. The Saxon peasants who ___10____ the land and reared the animals could not afford the meat, which went to Norman tables. The peasants were allowed to eat the rabbits that scampered over their fields and, since that meat was cheap, the Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it. So rabbit is still rabbit on our tables, and not changed into some rendering of lapin. V. Reading Comprehension (每小题 5 分，共 30 分) Read the passage carefully and then answer the following questions and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. When answering question, you are supposed to come to the point at once and then try to elaborate it. (注意：回答每个问题简明扼要，开门见山，不超过 50 个单词，切记标清题号) PoliticsandtheEnglishLanguage By George Orwell 1. Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way, but it generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language—so the argument runs—must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which

we shape for our own purposes. 2. Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is reversible. Modern English, especially written English, is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and to think clearly is a necessary first step toward political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concern of professional writers. I will come back to this presently, and I hope that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer. Meanwhile, here are five specimens of the English language as it is now habitually written. 3.Dying metaphors. A newly-invented metaphor assists thought by evoking avisual image, while on the other hand a metaphor which is technically"dead" has in effect reverted to being anordinary word and can generally be used without loss of vividness. But inbetween these two classes there is a huge dump of worn-out metaphorswhich have lost all evocative power and are merely used because they savepeople the trouble of inventing phrases for themselves. 4. Operators, or verbal false limbs. These save the trouble of picking outappropriate verbs and nouns, and at the same time pad each sentence withextra syllables which give it an appearance of symmetry. Thekeynote is the elimination of simple verbs. Instead of being a singleword, such as break, stop, spoil, a verb becomes a phase,made up of a noun or adjective tacked on to some general-purposes verb asprove, serve, form, play, render. Simple conjunctions andprepositions are replaced by such phrases as with respect to, having regard to, the fact that. 5. Pretentious diction. Words like phenomenon, categorical, exploit, utilize, liquidate, areused to dress up simple statements and give an air of scientificimpartiality to biased judgments. Adjectives like epoch-making,

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