2001年中国人民大学考博英语真题及答案.doc

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2001 年中国人民大学考博英语真题及答案 Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points) Part A (5 points) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET. 1.And the topic “fat” is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and of youth. A. vague 2.All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs D. vulgar B. vigor C. vogue is carefully the risks and benefits. A. valuing 3.Chinese often shake my hand and don’t let go. They talk away contentedly, C. estimating B. evaluating D. weighing of my discomfort and struggle to disengage my hand. A. oblivious 4.The word “foolish” is too mild to describe your behavior, I would prefer D. pernicious C. obvious B. patent the word . A. ideological 5.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has D. idiomatic C. idiotic B. idyllic Germany’s Touring Car Championship. A. conquered 6.What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a D. determined C. dominated B. contested , many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable. D. nuisance A. fashion 7.The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original in C. proclivity B. necessity translation. So it was necessary that he make the A. alterations 8.Many well-educated people don’t believe that B. alternatives C. alternations suggested. D. altercations will endanger freedom of speech. B. censureship A. censership 9.The A. connotation 10.When the opposing player fouled John, John let his anger B. denomination C. sensorship C. donation D. censorship of “snake” is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin body. D. denotation his good sense and hit the boy back. B. got the hang of D. got the worst of A. got the feel of C. got the better of Part B (5 points) Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.

11.Although this book claims to be a biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are imaginary. A. fascinating 12.The trade fair is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese C. fastidious D. fictitious B. factitious auto industries and overseas auto industries. A. promote 13.He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market C. preserve D. prolong B. protect quotations. A. rational 14.The earthquake that occurred in India this year was a major calamity in which B. obscure D. eminent C. worldly a great many lives were lost. A. casualty 15.The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly B. catastrophe C. catalogue D. crusade as they had expected. A. withdraw 16.The purchaser of this lorry is protected by the manufacturer’s warranty C. recover D. uncover B. emerge that he will re place any defective part for five years or 50,000 miles. A. prohibition 17.The boy could not reconcile himself to the failure, he did not believe that D. guarantee B. insurance C. prophecy was his lot. A. submit 18.In some cities of North China, the noise pollution is as pronounced as that C. transmit D. permit B. commit in Tokyo. A. contemptuous 19.Trivial breaches of regulations we can pass over, but more serious ones will D. contemplated C. conspicuous B. contagious have to be investigated. A. exceed 20.We were discussing the housing problem when a middle-aged man cut in and C. overpass D. neglect B. wither said,“There’s no point in talking about impossibilities.” B. interject C. penetrate D. adulterate A. intersect Ⅲ Cloze (10 points) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET. Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain. Mile 21 for vehicle, you are much an ordinary road. On 23 fatalities are much more likely to roads. 22 mile, vehicle likely to be killed or seriously injured than on hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, on the than in a comparable accident 25 24 26 Motorways have no bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and speeds in force, are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mpb limit applying in built up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers 27 28

32 31 ten metres between each vehicle. seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps 29 vehicle stops for some reason, such as The resulting horrific pile-ups 30 familiar through mechanical failure, driver error and so on, have become all of these drivers realize that pictures in newspapers or on television. How it takes a car about one hundred metres to brake to a stop 70 mph? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. 34 wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, on they 35 36 this motorway madness their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy would be better driver education. At present, learner drivers are bared 38 thrown in at the deep motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is end. However, much more efficient policing is required, it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness. at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions 39 40 33 37 B. elsewhere D. sharp D. thereupon C. barely C. when D. for D. the other D. arise C. to C. less D. by D. lesser B. also B. much B. then B. even B. steep C. vertical B. after B. far C. so C. still B. other B. occur C. anywhere D. somewhere B. simply B. since C. unduly C. deeply C. one C. be found D. subsequently D. purely 21.A.for 22.A.more 23.A.another 24.A.come up 25.A.everywhere 26.A.pointed 27.A.thus 28.A.yet 29.A.utterly 30.A.because 31.A.too 32.A.many 33.A.to 34.A.Whatever 35.A.push 36.A.unless 37.A.to 38.A.from 39.A.related 40.A.but Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(20 points) Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B,C and D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. D. unreasonably D. profoundly B. considered C. them C. concerned D. for B. before C. of B. rake C. till D. plough B. from C. at D. for B. However C. Whoever D. How C. thus D. until B. against D. off D. on C. away B. for B. then D. touched Passage 1 The next time the men were taken up onto the deck, Kunta made a point of looking at the man behind him in line, the one who lay beside him to the left when they were below. He was a Serere tribesman much older than Kunta, and his body, front and back, was creased with whip cuts, some of them so deep and festering that Kunta

felt badly for having wished sometimes that he might strike the man in the darkness for moaning so steadily in his pain. Staring back at Kunta, the Serere’s dark eyes were full of fury and defiance. A whip lashed out even as they stood looking at each other—this time at Kunta, spurring him to move ahead. Trying to roll away, Kunta was kicked heavily in his ribs. But somehow he and the gasping Wolof managed to stagger back up among the other men from their shelf who were shambling toward their dousing with buckets of seawater. A moment later, the stinging saltiness of it was burning in Kunta’s wounds, and his screams joined those of others over the sound of the drum and the wheezing thing that had again begun marking time for the chained men to jump and dance for the toubob. Kunta and the Wolof were so weak from their new beating that twice they stumbled, but whip blows and kicks sent them hopping clumsily up and down in their chains. So great was his fury that Kunta was barely aware of the women singing “Toubob fa!” And when he had finally been chained back down in his place in the dark hold, his heart throbbed with a lust to murder toubob. Every few days the eight naked toubob would again come into the stinking darkness and scrape their tubs full of the excrement that had accumulated on the shelves where the chained men lay. Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring bale fully in hatred, following the bobbing orange lights, listening to the toubod cursing and sometimes slipping and tailing into the slickness underfoot—so plentiful now, because of the increasing looseness of the men’s bowels, that the filth had begun to drop off the edges of the shelves down into the aisleway. The last time they were on deck, Kunta had noticed a man limping on a badly infected leg. This time the man was kept up on deck when the rest were taken back below. A few days later, the women told the other prisoners in their singing that the man’s leg had been cut off and that one of the women had been brought to tend him, but that the man had died that night and been thrown over the side. Starting then, when the toubob came to clean the shelves, they also dropped red-hot pieces of metal into pails of strong vinegar. The clouds of acrid steam left the hold smelling better, but soon it would again be overwhelmed by the choking stink. It was a smell that Kunta felt would never leave his lungs and skin. The steady murmuring that went on in the hold whenever the toubob were gone kept growing in volume and intensity as the men began to communicate better and better with one another. Words not understood were whispered from mouth to ear along the shelves until someone who knew more than one tongue would send back their meanings. In the process, all of the men along each shelf learned new words in tongues they had not spoken before. Sometimes men jerked upward, bumping their heads, in the double excitement of communicating with each other and the fact that it was being done without the toubob’s knowledge. Muttering among themselves for hours, the men developed a deepening sense of intrigue and of brotherhood. Though they were of different villages and tribes, the feeling grew that they were not from different peoples or places. 41.The living conditions for the Blacks in the hold of the slave ship were A. adequate but primitive .

B. inhumane and inadequate C. humane but crowded D. similar to the crew’s quarters 42.The prisoners had difficulty communicating with each other because A. they were too sick to talk B. they distrusted one another C. no one felt like talking D. they spoke different languages 43.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to balefully as used in . “Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring balefully in hatred”? A. Indulgently C. Forlornly 44.By constantly referring to such things as filth and choking stink, the author B. Vacantly D. Menacingly seeks to create a tone that arouses a feeling of . A. disgust with the dirt B. horror at the injustice C. revolting at the foul odor D. relief that this happened long ago 45.Despite their intense pain and suffering, the Black men found a small measure of comfort in . A. their exercise periods on deck B. the breathtaking ocean scenery C. their conversations with the Black women D. their conversations with one another Passage 2 Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’ s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own. Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will o verestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation

of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs. Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save. Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideA. 46.According to the passage, a country’s economy is probably decided by A. the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporations B. the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capital C. the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurants D. the economic increase and decrease of the large companies 47.In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should A. get very well prepared for his new business B. choose a business he’s already familiar with C. examine the company’s crucial signs now and then D. invest as much as possible into his enterprise 48.Which of the following statements about small business is not true? A. It helps effectively to fight unemployment. B. The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapses. C. There’s a good omen for small business according to a survey. D. Some small business owners are blind to early premonition of failure. 49.What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the . . . passage? A. The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well. B. The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem. C. It’s too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because they have used up their money. D. It’s urgent for small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalize their business. 50.What’s the main idea of this passage? A. How to become a winner in small business? B. How to be a successful boss in multinational corporation? C. How to deal with the ups and downs in small business?

D. How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit? Passage 3 The blue, mystic Lake Elsinore lies in an inland California valley which is teeming and steaming with hot springs. Rimmed by shaggy mountains whose forested crests are reflected in its clear waters, Lake Elsinore is the very personification of peace—but on it rests the curse of Tondo. The lake has had a colorful history. Much of it lies buried in legend, and it is difficult to separate fact from fiction. There have been stories of underground volcanoes on the lake bottom, erupting, killing fish and discoloring the water. There have been stories of a playful sea serpent that lived in its depths. Long noted for its scenic beauty and health-giving waters, the lake was a famous resort in the Nineties. But long before the first white man had set foot along the shore of the lake, this part of California had been the home of the Soboba Indians. Their chief was Tondo, a stern and unforgiving man. He had a daughter, Morning Star, who was in love with Palo, son of the chief of the Palas, a neighboring tribe. The Sobobas and Palas were sworn enemies. For a time the lovers met secretly. Then one day they were discovered by Tondo. His rage was terrible to behold. He forbade the lovers ever to meet again. Morning Star tried in every way to appease her father’s anger, to soften his heart toward Palo. But in time she saw that it was useless; that he would never give his consent to their marriage. Vowing that they would never be separated, the Indian maid and her lover walked hand in hand into the lake, as the dreary November sun cast long shadows on the land. They were followed by a group of orphan children whom Morning Star had befriended. All walked into the lake, singing the mournful death song of their people, while Tondo stood on the shore and cursed the lovers, cursed the blue water into which they all walked to their death. Ever since that day it would seem that a jinx has been laid over Lake Elsinore. Oldtimers tell of a great upheaval in the lake which caused water to spout into the air like a geyser and turn blood-red. Later, it became known that three hundred springs of boiling mud and water were born in the valley during that upheaval. The springs reeked with sulphur. For many years after this phenomenon the lake remained peaceful. Then boats were overturned for no apparent reason, and few of their occupants ever returned to tell the story. This continued for several years. At the same time, strong swimmers dived into the lake never to reappear. In 1833 and again in 1846, fish in the lake suddenly died. In the spring of 1850 came the Battle of the Gnats. They bred in the water of the lake and swarmed over the land. They invaded the countryside until the harassed inhabitants called for help. And in July 1951, the sky-blue waters of the lake vanished like mist before a noonday sun. When the bottom was laid bare there was no trace of a volcano, the bottomless pits, or the other disturbances of legend or fact. The copious winter rains of 1951—52 have replenished the lake. But what menace does its haunting beauty hold today? For tomorrow?

The once mighty Sobobas are few now. But the old men swear that their ancestors still haunt the lake. They nod grizzled head and murmur that the Great Tondo’s curse will forever remain upon the lake. Only time, the wise and silent one, can tell. . . . 51.Which of the following statements is true of Lake Elsinore? A. It is considered by legend to be rich in golb. B. It was once famous as a beautiful resort. C. It is located in a volcanic crater in California. D. It used to be the center of a mining village. 52.Probably Tondo’s rage was due the fact that A. Morning Star was too young to marry B. Tondo’s tribe and Palas’s tribe were enemies C. Palo mistreated his Soboba girl friend D. Palas vowed meet Morning Star in secret 53.According to the old-timers, on two occasions A. the water of the lake turned red B. lake water sprouted into the air C. the Gnats invaded the countryside D. fish in the lake suddenly died 54.The word “jinx” (Line 1, Paragraph 6) probably means A. spell of bad luck C. strange tranquility 55.Which can be considered the best title for the passage? A. The Curse of Tondo. B. The Beautify Lake Elsinore. C. The Mysterious Indian Tribes. D. The Tragic Love of Morning Star. Passage 4 The crucial years of the Depression, as they are brought into historical focus, in creasingly emerge as the decisive decade for American art, if not for American culture in general. For it was during this decade that many of the conflicts which had blocked the progress of American art in the past came to a head and sometimes boiled over. Janusfaced, the thirties look backward, sometimes as far as the Renaissance; and at the same time forward, as far as the present and beyond. It was the moment when artists, like Thomas Hart Benton, who wished to turn back the clock to regain the virtues of simpler times came into direct conflict with others, like Stuart Davis and Frank Lloyd Wright, who were ready to come to terms with the Machine Age and to deal with its consequences. D. storm of unusual duration B. hot air current America in the thirties was changing rapidly. In many areas the past was giving way to the present, although not without a struggle. A predominantly rural and small town society was being replaced by the giant complexes of the big cities; power was becoming increasingly centralized in the federal government and in large corporations. As a result, traditional American types such as the independent farmer and the small businessman were being replaced by the executive and the bureaucrat.

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