2022年山东潍坊中考英语试题及答案.doc

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2022 年山东潍坊中考英语试题及答案注意事项： 1. 本试题满分 80 分，考试时间为 90 分钟； 2. 答卷前务必将试题密封线内及答题卡上面的项目填涂清楚。所有答案都必须涂、写在答题卡相应位置，答在本试卷上一律无效。一、阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列语篇，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Miss Bradley: Debbie? The people at Sunny Bank—you know, the home for old people —want someone to give a talk. Could you do it? Debbie: Me? Stand up and talk? I can’t do that. Miss B: Debbie, it’s not a big deal. Jess: Why not, Debbie? I mean, the old people aren’t going to laugh or be nasty. Debbie: No, I know. But…oh, I don’t know. I’m just not brave enough, that’s all. I can’t do it, and that’s that.

Jess: Here she comes. Go on, Pete. Pete: OK. Well, look—it’s yellow Debbie. The school chicken. Debbie: I beg your pardon? Pete: I hear you won’t give a talk at Sunny Bank. Ooh, all those scary old people! It’s a bit pathetic, eh, Debbie? Debbie: Chicken? Pathetic? No one calls me that! Debbie: Miss Bradley? I’ve changed my mind. I want to do the talk after all. Miss B: Good for you, Debbie. How about Friday, around 5 o’clock? Jess: It worked! Well done, Pete. Pete: Thanks. But I don’t think I can ever talk to Debbie again! 1. Miss Bradley asks Debbie to_________. A. give a speech C. stand up and talk B. go to a bank D. look after old people 2. What does the underlined word chicken in Picture 3 probably mean in Chinese? A. 小鸡 B. 勇士 C. 胆小鬼 D. 大明星 3. By saying such words, Jess and Pete’s real purpose is to __________. A. talk to Debbie B. encourage Debbie C. laugh at Debbie D. make Debbie angry 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B

【解析】【导语】本文讲述了 Bradley 老师想让 Debbie 在老人院演讲，她起初不同意，后来在同学的刺激下决定去试一试。【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据“The people at Sunny Bank—you know, the home for old people— want someone to give a talk”可知，Bradley 老师想让 Debbie 在老人院演讲，故选 A。【2 题详解】词义猜测题。根据“I hear you won’t give a talk at Sunny Bank. Ooh, all those scary old people! It’s a bit pathetic”可知，嘲笑 Debbie 不敢去老人院做演讲，是一个胆小鬼，所以 chicken 表示“胆小鬼”，故选 C。【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据“It worked! Well done, Pete”可知，他们说这些的目的是为了鼓励 Debbie 勇敢去老人院演讲，故选 B。 B Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldn’t become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor. “But a girl can’t become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly. “Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry. From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday. Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen to the second-highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section（剖宫产） in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after

his death in 1865. 4. Who played the most important role in Margaret’s becoming a doctor? A. General Miranda. B. Her uncle James Barry. C. A soldier in the British Army. D. A professor from Edinburgh University. 5. What does the underlined word disguise in paragraph 3 mean? A. Change one’s clothes. B. Dress like a doctor. C. Change one’s appearance. D. Dress like a gentleman. 6. Which was Dr. James Barry’s achievement in his job? A. Becoming the highest officer in the British Army. B. Graduating from the most famous medical university. C. Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers. D. Doing the world’s first recorded caesarean section successfully. 7. What was the secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years? A. James Barry left much money. B. Dr. James Barry was a woman. C. Margaret died in her twenties. D. General Miranda helped Margaret a lot. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了 Margaret Ann Bulkley 为了实现自己成为医生的梦想，把自己装扮成一位男性从医的故事。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据“And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him”及“‘Yes, you can!’ said General Miranda. ‘All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.’ ” 可知，是叔叔的朋友 General Miranda 鼓励她去实现自己的梦想，故选 A。【5 题详解】词义猜测题。根据“So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes”可知，为了成为一名医生，把自己的头发剪短，装扮成一个男孩，所以 disguise 与 Change one’s appearance 同义，故选 C。【6 题详解】细节理解题。根据“Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people”可知，改善了伤兵的生活条件是他所取得的成就之一，故选 C。【7 题详解】

推理判断题。根据“Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry”可知，她假扮成男孩成为一名医生是她一直保守的秘密，故选 B。 C What do three hearts, eight arms and one huge brain add up to? An octopus, a creature that can do amazing things. Octopuses are very clever. As they don’t have teeth or sharp claws to defend themselves, they have ever learnt a few tricks to get out of dangerous situations. Do you know how they do that? They often hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor. Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks. Because octopuses have very soft bodies, they can hide themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get rid of enemies. The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand. This color change happens in less than a minute. Another way an octopus can protect itself is by shooting ink. It can shoot ink into the water. The ink forms a cloud to blind its enemies. It's like a magician doing a disappearing act. If an octopus is being attacked, it can make itself look like a sea snake. It will bury itself in the sand except two arms. It will change the color of those arms to match a sea snake. But what if there’s no time to escape? It can break off one of its arms. The arm will then change colors and move around the water. As the enemy starts chasing after the arm, the octopus can swim away quickly. Don’t worry, though. The octopus’ arm will grow back soon. 8. How many tricks are mentioned in the text? A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 9. Why is an octopus like a chameleon?

A. It has three hearts. B. It has eight arms. C. It can make itself look like a snake. D. It can change the color of its skin. 10. What does an octopus do in time of great danger? A. Run after its enemy. B. Break off one arm. C. Fight with sharp teeth. D. Move around the water. 11. What is the best title for this text? A. Adventures in water B. Magician of the sea C. Soft bodies between rocks D. Enemy behind the cloud 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了章鱼的相关信息，包括了它的外观，逃生的技能等。【8 题详解】细节理解题。根据“They often hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor”“The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand”“Another way an octopus can protect itself is by shooting ink” “If an octopus is being attacked, it can make itself look like a sea snake”及 “It can break off one of its arms”可知，文中一共提到了 5 种技巧，故选 C。【9 题详解】细节理解题。根据“The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand”可知，因为它可以改变皮肤的颜色来匹配沙子，故选 D。【10 题详解】细节理解题。根据“But what if there’s no time to escape? It can break off one of its arms”可知，它可以折断一只手臂，故选 B。【11 题详解】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了章鱼的几种逃生技能，就像“海洋魔术师”一样，故选 B。 D Are you suffering from insomnia（失眠）now? It’s true that many people are deeply bothered by insomnia. ___12___ Sleep expert Michael Grandner offers top three tips. Make a plan and stick to it. Melatonin（褪黑素）is produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and when you wake up. As night falls, the levels of melatonin rise, becoming a signal to the body that it’s time for bed. And the levels naturally fall as daylight comes

near, getting you ready to greet the day. ___13___ So if your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day, your body doesn’t know how to react. So it’s important to have a regular bedtime and wake-up time, even on weekends. ___14___ In fact, this tip is so powerful that it can even beat sleep medicine. “Whenever you’ve been awake for 20 or 30 minutes, either the beginning or the middle of the night, get up. Maybe you just need five minutes to get sleepy, or maybe an hour, but don’t spend that time in bed,” says Grandner. Change your attitude about sleep. Many people see sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a busy day, worth delaying to catch up on housework, schoolwork or others. ___15___ “See your sleep as the amount of time you need in order to set yourself up for a productive tomorrow. It may sound like a small change, but it’s an important one,” Grandner adds. 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. Don’t lie in bed awake. B. Take some medicine if you need. C. That thought needs to be changed. D. In fact, we can train our brain to fall asleep. E. The release（释放）of melatonin needs to be at regular times. 【答案】12. D 13. E 14. A 15. C 【解析】【导语】本文介绍了预防失眠的方法。【12 题详解】根据“It’s true that many people are deeply bothered by insomnia”及“Sleep expert Michael Grandner offers top three tips”可知，事实我们可以改变这种情况，D 选项“事实上，我们可以训练我们的大脑入睡”符合语境，故选 D。【13 题详解】根据“So if your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day, your body doesn’ t know how to react”可知，此处提到了“有规律的时间”，E 选项“褪黑激素的释放需要定期进行”符合语境，故选 E。【14 题详解】根据“but don’t spend that time in bed”可知，本段的建议是醒着的时候不要躺在床上，A 选项“别躺在床上而不入睡”符合语境，故选 A。

【15 题详解】根据“Change your attitude about sleep”可知，要改变自己的某些想法，C 选项“那个想法需要改变 ”符合语境，故选 C。二、语言知识运用（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） A 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are ___16___ human beings depend on for a living. All natural waste is ___17___. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their ___18___. The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them ___19___. Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants ___20___ water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves ___21___ moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of ___22___. In this way, the water goes ___23___ to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again. However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life ___24___, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or ____25____ to recycle. Man shall deal with this problem before it is too late. 16. A. how B. what 17. A. avoided B. allowed C. which C. reduced recycled 18. A. food B. hobby C. method support 19. A. grow B. continue C. progress increase 20. A. put away B. give off C. take up 21. A. like 22. A. wind B. with B. rain 23. A. forward B. about C. in C. storm C. back D. where D. D. D. D. hold on D. as D. shower D. away

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