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TutorialTextsSeries.DesignandFabricationofDiffractiveOpticalElementswithMATLAB®,A.VijayakumarandShantiBhattacharya,Vol.TT109.EnergyHarvestingforLow-PowerAutonomousDevicesandSystems,JahangirRastegarandHarbansS.Dhadwal,Vol.TT108.PracticalElectronicsforOpticalDesignandEngineering,ScottW.Teare,Vol.TT107.AutomaticTargetRecognition,BruceJ.Schachter,Vol.TT105.DesignTechnologyCo-optimizationintheEraofSub-resolutionICScaling,LarsW.Liebmann,KaushikVaidyanathan,andLawrencePileggi,Vol.TT104.SpecialFunctionsforOpticalScienceandEngineering,VasudevanLakshminarayananandL.SrinivasaVaradharajan,Vol.TT103.DiscriminationofSubsurfaceUnexplodedOrdnance,KevinA.O’Neill,Vol.TT102.IntroductiontoMetrologyApplicationsinICManufacturing,BoSu,EricSolecky,andAlokVaid,Vol.TT101.IntroductiontoLiquidCrystalsforOpticalDesignandEngineering,SergioRestainoandScottTeare,Vol.TT100.DesignandImplementationofAutostereoscopicDisplays,ByounghoLee,Soon-giPark,KeehoonHong,andJisooHong,Vol.TT99.OceanSensingandMonitoring:OpticsandOtherMethods,WeilinHou,Vol.TT98.DigitalConvertersforImageSensors,KentonT.Veeder,Vol.TT97.LaserBeamQualityMetrics,T.SeanRoss,Vol.TT96.MilitaryDisplays:TechnologyandApplications,DanielD.Desjardins,Vol.TT95.InterferometryforPrecisionMeasurement,PeterLangenbeck,Vol.TT94.AberrationTheoryMadeSimple,SecondEdition,VirendraN.Mahajan,Vol.TT93.ModelingtheImagingChainofDigitalCameras,RobertD.Fiete,Vol.TT92.BioluminescenceandFluorescenceforInVivoImaging,LubovBrovko,Vol.TT91.PolarizationofLightwithApplicationsinOpticalFibers,ArunKumarandAjoyGhatak,Vol.TT90.DigitalFourierOptics:AMATLABTutorial,DavidG.Voeltz,Vol.TT89.OpticalDesignofMicroscopes,GeorgeSeward,Vol.TT88.AnalysisandEvaluationofSampledImagingSystems,RichardH.Vollmerhausen,DonaldA.Reago,andRonaldDriggers,Vol.TT87.Nanotechnology:ACrashCourse,RaúlJ.Martin-PalmaandAkhleshLakhtakia,Vol.TT86.DirectDetectionLADARSystems,RichardRichmondandStephenCain,Vol.TT85.OpticalDesign:ApplyingtheFundamentals,MaxJ.Riedl,Vol.TT84.InfraredOpticsandZoomLenses,SecondEdition,AllenMann,Vol.TT83.OpticalEngineeringFundamentals,SecondEdition,BruceH.Walker,Vol.TT82.FundamentalsofPolarimetricRemoteSensing,JohnSchott,Vol.TT81.TheDesignofPlasticOpticalSystems,MichaelP.Schaub,Vol.TT80.FundamentalsofPhotonics,ChandraRoychoudhuri,Vol.TT79.RadiationThermometry:FundamentalsandApplicationsinthePetrochemicalIndustry,PeterSaunders,Vol.TT78.MatrixMethodsforOpticalLayout,GerhardKloos,Vol.TT77.FundamentalsofInfraredDetectorMaterials,MichaelA.Kinch,Vol.TT76.PracticalApplicationsofInfraredThermalSensingandImagingEquipment,ThirdEdition,HerbertKaplan,Vol.TT75.BioluminescenceforFoodandEnvironmentalMicrobiologicalSafety,LubovBrovko,Vol.TT74.IntroductiontoImageStabilization,ScottW.TeareandSergioR.Restaino,Vol.TT73.Logic-basedNonlinearImageProcessing,StephenMarshall,Vol.TT72.ThePhysicsandEngineeringofSolidStateLasers,YehoshuaKalisky,Vol.TT71.ThermalInfraredCharacterizationofGroundTargetsandBackgrounds,SecondEdition,PieterA.Jacobs,Vol.TT70.IntroductiontoConfocalFluorescenceMicroscopy,MichielMüller,Vol.TT69.ArtificialNeuralNetworks:AnIntroduction,KevinL.PriddyandPaulE.Keller,Vol.TT68.BasicsofCodeDivisionMultipleAccess(CDMA),RaghuveerRaoandSohailDianat,Vol.TT67(ForacompletelistofTutorialTexts,seehttp://spie.org/publications/books/tutorial-texts.)
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataNames:Teare,ScottW.,author.Title:OpticsusingMATLAB/ScottW.Teare.Othertitles:Tutorialtextsinopticalengineering;v.TT111.Description:Bellingham,Washington:SPIEPress,[2017]|Series:Tutorialtextsinopticalengineering;volumeTT111|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.Identifiers:LCCN2016050697|ISBN9781510608313(softcover;alk.paper)|ISBN1510608311(softcover;alk.paper)|ISBN9781510608320(pdf)|ISBN151060832X(pdf)|ISBN9781510608344(Kindle)|ISBN1510608346(Kindle)|ISBN9781510608337(ePub)|ISBN1510608338(ePub)Subjects:LCSH:Optics–Mathematics.|MATLAB.Classification:LCCQC355.3.T432017|DDC621.360285/53–dc23LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016050697PublishedbySPIEP.O.Box10Bellingham,Washington98227-0010USAPhone:+1360.676.3290Fax:+1360.647.1445Email:books@spie.orgWeb:http://spie.orgCopyright©2017SocietyofPhoto-OpticalInstrumentationEngineers(SPIE)Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeanswithoutwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.Thecontentofthisbookreflectstheworkandthoughtoftheauthor.Everyefforthasbeenmadetopublishreliableandaccurateinformationherein,butthepublisherisnotresponsibleforthevalidityoftheinformationorforanyoutcomesresultingfromreliancethereon.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.FirstPrinting.Forupdatestothisbook,visithttp://spie.organdtype“TT111”inthesearchfield.
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IntroductiontotheSeriesSinceitsinceptionin1989,theTutorialTexts(TT)serieshasgrowntocovermanydiversefieldsofscienceandengineering.TheinitialideafortheserieswastomakematerialpresentedinSPIEshortcoursesavailabletothosewhocouldnotattendandtoprovideareferencetextforthosewhocould.Thus,manyofthetextsinthisseriesaregeneratedbyaugmentingcoursenoteswithdescriptivetextthatfurtherilluminatesthesubject.Inthisway,theTTbecomesanexcellentstand-alonereferencethatfindsamuchwideraudiencethanonlyshortcourseattendees.TutorialTextshavegrowninpopularityandinthescopeofmaterialcoveredsince1989.Theynolongernecessarilystemfromshortcourses;rather,theyareoftengeneratedindependentlybyexpertsinthefield.Theyarepopularbecausetheyprovideareadyreferencetothosewishingtolearnaboutemergingtechnologiesorthelatestinformationwithintheirfield.Thetopicswithintheserieshavegrownfromtheinitialareasofgeometricaloptics,opticaldetectors,andimageprocessingtoincludetheemergingfieldsofnanotechnology,biomedicaloptics,fiberoptics,andlasertechnologies.AuthorscontributingtotheTTseriesareinstructedtoprovideintroductorymaterialsothatthosenewtothefieldmayusethebookasastartingpointtogetabasicgraspofthematerial.Itishopedthatsomereadersmaydevelopsufficientinteresttotakeashortcoursebytheauthororpursuefurtherresearchinmoreadvancedbookstodelvedeeperintothesubject.Thebooksinthisseriesaredistinguishedfromothertechnicalmonographsandtextbooksinthewayinwhichthematerialispresented.Inkeepingwiththetutorialnatureoftheseries,thereisanemphasisontheuseofgraphicalandillustrativematerialtobetterelucidatebasicandadvancedconcepts.Thereisalsoheavyuseoftabularreferencedataandnumerousexamplestofurtherexplaintheconceptspresented.Thepublishingtimeforthebooksiskepttoaminimumsothatthebookswillbeastimelyandup-to-dateaspossible.Furthermore,theseintroductorybooksarecompetitivelypricedcomparedtomoretraditionalbooksonthesamesubject.Whenaproposalforatextisreceived,eachproposalisevaluatedtodeterminetherelevanceoftheproposedtopic.Thisinitialreviewingprocesshasbeenveryhelpfultoauthorsinidentifying,earlyinthewritingprocess,theneedforadditionalmaterialorotherchangesinapproachthatwouldservetostrengthenthetext.Onceamanuscriptiscompleted,itispeerreviewedtoensurethatchapterscommunicateaccuratelytheessentialingredientsofthescienceandtechnologiesunderdiscussion.Itismygoaltomaintainthestyleandqualityofbooksintheseriesandtofurtherexpandthetopicareastoincludenewemergingfieldsastheybecomeofinteresttoourreadingaudience.JamesA.HarringtonRutgersUniversityv
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ContentsPrefacexiIMATLAB®Overview11IntroductiontoMATLAB31.1GettingStartedwithMATLAB41.2AnatomyofaProgram61.3MATLABBasicFunctionsandOperators81.4SimpleCalculationsusingMATLAB101.5VectorizationandMatrixIndexing121.6MATLABScripts131.7MATLABFunctions141.8PracticeProblems16References162PlottingMathematicalFunctions192.1MathematicalFunctions192.2VisualizationFunctions:plot()252.3VisualizationFunctions:histogram()272.4VisualizationFunctions:3Dplotting302.5VisualizationFunctions:contour()andquiver()322.6VisualizationFunction:imagesc()352.7PracticeProblems35References363CurveFittingandStatistics373.1PolynomialSynthesisandCurveFitting373.2PolynomialCurveFitting413.3Signal-to-NoiseRatio443.4BestFitthroughtheData473.5BestFittotheData493.6PracticeProblems50References50vii
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4DataandDataFiles534.1TextversusBinary534.2WritingDataFiles544.3GeneratingDatatobeSaved574.4ReadingandUsingDataFiles584.5BinaryMATFiles594.6BinaryImageFiles604.7PracticeProblems60References615ImagesandImageProcessing635.1ImageFiles635.2ImageCommands665.3ImageSizeandSuper-pixels675.4ColorModelsandConversions705.5SpatialFiltering715.6PracticeProblems78References78IIOpticsApplications796RayOpticsandGlassEquations816.1Lensmaker’sEquationandSpotSize816.2ParaxialRegionandSnell’sLaw846.3MatrixApproachtoRayTracing856.4RayTracingthroughMultipleElements896.5GlassEquations916.6PracticeProblems94References947Spectrometers957.1DispersioninaMaterial957.2Prisms987.3Gratings1007.4BlazedGratings1037.5Grisms1047.6SpectrometersandMonochrometers1067.7PracticeProblems108References1088ModulationTransferFunctionandContrast1098.1ImageQuality1098.2SpatialFrequencyandtheModulationTransferFunction1108.3PointSpreadFunction1148.4MTFMeasurement115viiiContents