2018年1月托福真题回忆及解析.doc

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2018 年 1 月托福真题回忆及解析成功离不开一点一滴的积累，想要在托福考试中取得好成绩，必然少不了每天的坚持。为了帮助大家高效备考，坚持学习，无忧考网搜集整理了 2018 年 1 月托福真题回忆及解析，以供参考。2018 年 1 月举行了 4 场托福考试，分别为 1 月 6 日、1 月 13 日、1 月 27 日、1 月 28 日。 1 月 6 日托福口语真题回忆：综合点评今天口语综合题的听力大部分同学反映比较简单;第一题出现两个问题比较罕见。 Task 1 内容回忆 It's difficult for people to save money. Why? Make some suggestions for helping people save money. 为什么人们很难省下钱，你觉得人们可以有什么省钱的好办法。参考答案 In modern society, it seems that more money people earn, much harder it is for them to save financially. The reason for this phenomenon is, according to my opinion, that more and more sophisticated and user-friendly products, like iPhone, appear and companies sold them at higher price, which attracted consumers’ attention and allured them to pay more for such gadgets. From my perspective, first of all, making a budget is the most useful way. For example, if your salary is $5000, you could put 2500 aside as savings. What’s more, second-hand products still function well, but the price is comparatively much lower than that of first-hand ones. You could buy a second-hand Ford car with only $500 while it costs $1000 to get a new one. Task 2 内容回忆 Nowadays, some parents prefer homeschooling to sending their children to school. What do you think? 有些国家通过了 homeschool，谈一谈你对于这件事情的看法。参考答案 In my point of view, if parents are well-educated and they are familiar with educational psychology and teaching skills, I strongly suggest that their children be educated at home. These parents could educate their kids themselves or employ professionals in the education field to instruct the kids, since parents know their children better than school teachers. You know, parents stay and interact with them since their children’s babyhood, so they could find the most suitable way teaching their kids. In addition, parents could focus all of their attention on their own kids, so as to meet their personal needs, which could not be met at school where one teacher has to take care of more than 10 students. Task 3 学校图书馆为研究生开设了一片 private area。原因 1：里面有单独的桌椅。原因 2：可以锁门让学生把东西留在那里。

听力女生同意，她认为研究生经常要写 research paper 需要很多资料，每天来回搬很麻烦，现在可以留在图书馆了。而且对于单独桌椅她也同意，因为她觉得研究生不像本科生需要交流，她们更希望自己能专注不被打扰。 Task 4 Animal and plants occupy at different level。定义：当一个生态系统里的最高级 Predator 消失后所带来的一系列影响。听力例子：在北美有一个区域一种动物以捕食鹿维生。不过当公路开通后很多游客来旅游，很多车辆到来，这种动物就离开了这篇区域，鹿的数量就增加。数量增加的鹿又吃了一种树，然后树变少就导致了依赖树的鸟无法生存，生物链一环一环影响下去，导致生态系统有了很大变化。 Task 5 问题一个女孩子要去加州为姐姐的婚礼弹一个大提琴 chelo，飞机运去加州她怕损坏。解决方案 1：可以买一个很贵的盒子来放乐器优点：盒子以后还是可以用的，自己的乐器音色好，熟悉自己的乐器缺点：已经花了很多钱买机票了，没钱买盒子 2：问一个朋友借优点：省钱缺点：音色不一定好，也不一定熟悉 Task 6 话题 contingent workforce 的好处要点 1：可以做为替补的人例子：一个学校里如果有个老师没来，就打电话给代课老师，所以学生肯定有课上 2：给公司额外的帮助例子：有些商业随着季节变有淡旺季，所以就临时性招人。给了她们 town 举例子， warm month 游客多，有些餐厅就临时雇服务员 1 月 6 日托福写作真题回忆：综合点评 2018 年首次托福写作考试难度一般，相信考生都能发挥得比较好。综合写作考的是历史类话题，关于苏格兰的 Brochs 的功能猜想，和 TPO5 的综合写作比较接近，练习过该题的学生应该不会觉得太难。本题重复了大陆 2015 年 7 月 4 日的考题。独立写作是生活类话题，关于家庭成员定期一起吃饭是否重要，考生一般不会在思路上出现明显的障碍，但是例证方面可能会落入只有个人经历的俗套，这就要求考生能够掌握多种例证方式。本题重复了 2014 年 11 月 8 日的考题。值得注意的是，本次考试的综合写作和独立写作部分都重复了过去的考题，建议考生可以关注一下近几年的托福写作机经。综合写作话题分类：历史类考题回忆：总论点关于苏格兰的 Brochs 的用途，阅读提出了三个可能的猜想，听力一一予以反驳。阅读部分 1. 提供像城堡一样的防御 2. 储存食物 3. 为贵族提供居住地听力部分

1. 这种石墙没有窗户，没法射击前来攻击的敌人，因此不可能是防御工事 2. 这里面有 water tank，可能会使得食物腐烂，并且这里面有生火做饭的痕迹，如果真是粮仓，会引发火灾 3. Brochs 有的是单独存在于较远的地方，有的是以 group 的形式存在的。而贵族不可能群居，也不可能住在较远的地方解题思路本题重复了大陆 2015 年 7 月 4 日的考题，同时 TPO5 的综合写作也和这道题目比较相似，考生可以参考。参考范文：The reading and the listening have a debate on the purpose of Scotland Brochs. The listening refutes all three hypotheses proposed by the reading. First, the reading suggests that these brochs are used as a defense because they have thick and high walls. However, the listening argues that defense structure usually have windows so that people can shoot arrows against perpetrators, in order to repel attackers from getting closer, but these brochs do not have any windows. Second, the reading believes brochs to be food storage. However, the listening casts doubt on this, by saying that there are water tanks in the brochs. This might spoil the food stored in them since moisture tends to accelerate food decaying. Also, there is evidence of cooking inside the brochs, but cooking can easily cause fire, which again damage the food. Finally, the reading argues that these brochs could be the residence of the chieftains and leaders of the tribes. However, according to the speaker, this claim does not hold water, either. Normally, leaders live near their people, but brochs are isolated from villages. Also, brochs are built in clusters, but people certainly do not need so many leaders living close to each other. 独立写作话题分类：生活类考题回忆：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays it is not important for family members to regularly have meals together. Use specific reasons and examples to support your idea. 解题思路：和家人一起吃饭这件事情考生肯定经常做，但是很少有人会考虑这件事情是否重要。如果觉得重要，常见的理由包括：增进亲情，交流近况，尊重传统等;而不重要的理由往往是有代沟，怕麻烦和浪费时间。考生在举例的时候可以使用个人经历，也可以使用假设性的事例，甚至是统计数据等。 Disagree- not important -generation gap -geographical barrier -reduced efficiency Agree- important -strength family bond -exchange news -get advice -follow the customs -keep healthy 参考范文：With the accelerating pace of life, many people now are striving to

keep a balance between life and work. As a result, some of them attach little importance to family meals, arguing that they can hardly spare time for a family get-together. However, in my opinion, it is still important for family members to have meals together regularly, since the meal encompasses more than simply food. First, having meals with our family means we can exchange news with other family members, which translates into a stronger family bond. As we all know, family meals always involve casual chat with family members over one’s recent development. In this way, we can get to know what others have done, are doing or are going to do. By exchanging personal news like this, we strengthen our family bond. For example, over a family meal on Saturday, the son may accidentally mention that he has made a first try on playing ice hockey this week and finds it fascinating. The father, being a big fan of ice hockey, is likely to keep a mind tag and may either take his son to practice or to watch a match. Eventually, the father and the son can form a strong bond between themselves. Second, regular family gatherings over meals allow us to seek advice from other family members. Normally, when someone faces an important decision or a puzzling problem, he or she turns to others for advice, and no occasion can be better than a casual family meal on which one can ask for advice without feeling embarrassed. For example, when the husband hints that he has been given a chance to work at an overseas branch, but was hesitant on this decision, because he is not sure whether this will put his wife under too much pressure, the wife may encourage him to seize the chance by telling him that she would certainly like to move to a new country so that she can experience different culture. Or if she really dislikes the idea, she can also wave it off or voice her own opinion in a casual way. Finally, eating regularly with our family helps us to keep healthy. For one thing, family meals usually follow a fixed schedule, which means one takes a certain meal at a certain time of the day. However, these days, when people are eating alone or attending a business banquet, they tend to eat too late or skip one or two meals for lack of time. This unhealthy lifestyle can certainly lead to some diseases related to digestion. For another, as family meals are often eaten at home, rather than at restaurants, we can eat healthier food. This is because home-made food often does not contain so much fat, salt or sugar as food at restaurants. Also, eating at home does not involve a lot of alcohol, which is quite common in business settings, especially in China. In the long run, we can easily keep our blood pressure and body fat at a normal level by eating regularly with our family at home. In conclusion, despite our ever tighter schedule, it is still important for us to squeeze time for family meals on a regular basis, as it allows us to exchange news, seek advice and keep healthy. 1 月 6 日托福听力真题回忆： Conversation： 1.男生来图书馆询问为什么网站的 link 没法用了他用 link 找期刊。女生回答说是外包的某些数据库停止提供期刊了。不过不是所有的都停了。男生目前在做一个关于乔治华盛

顿如何当选总统的作业，看如果有电视会对那次选举造成影响吗。随后问咋办?女生建议男生可以在图书馆里找，男生说他没办法 track down，老师说：不还有我呢么。老师还说，你可以去别的图书馆查那个期刊。 2.女生过来找教授想选他的课，教授建议女生去读一些专业书籍 3.女生和教授谈论对于濒危物种的保护，人们存在偏见，人们更愿意去保护 elephant 等动物而忽略了不那么受欢迎的动物如昆虫、蜜蜂、青蛙等。这些对人类有帮助但人们很少花钱在这上面。教授表示认同。 4.学生去年做了一个活动，今年还想继续，捐衣服和手工制品想让学生会帮忙，社团负责人去问，老师说去年你们组织的我妻子还买了围巾，建议这个女生和另一个组织合作，女生赞同这个提议然后要用老师的电话联系。 5.学校要举办艺术节，学生找老师问能不能邀请一个艺术家，以前在其他学校听过这个艺术家的课，课结束还看了个表演，老师说可以，学校以前组织过类似活动，问题是学生是否有足够兴趣和艺术家的时间安排，学生说到食堂调研然后通过网站和艺术家联系。 Lecture： Lecture 1 话题分类：天文学内容回忆 astronomy，讲 moon 磁场问题。地球有磁场，因为内部有 internal liquid iron 和 rotation，月亮没有磁场的 2 个理论： 1)月亮被小行星撞击，磁场消失， 2) 发现了一个很古老的石头来自于月亮，说明月亮曾经存在过磁场天文学 (16 年 7 月 10 号真题) 参考听力 tpo-extre4--月球磁场 Lecture 2 话题分类：地质学内容回忆一个山脉的形成。板块运动形成山脉，然后有一个山很特别，它在板块中央不是因为板块运动，开始推测它和落基山脉差不多时间形成，推测是火山运动然后推翻了这个，这个山很难去检测，后来在它下面的 sediment 发现它的形成时间早于推测的。参考听力 tpo31-lecture2 Lecture 3 话题分类：艺术类内容回忆 archanic 时期的绘画风格，讲浮雕和女性人物的姿态，手捏裙子，对比 Greece 和 Egypt 的风格参考听力 tpo18-lecture2 lecture 4 话题分类：生物学内容回忆细菌有好坏之分，好细菌有三个特点，有助于消化不易消化的东西，维他命，抢坏细菌的资源。用肥皂洗手会把好坏的细菌都杀死，然后讲到细菌都被杀死后补充细菌的问题，生病了医生会让你喝酸奶。最后补充说细菌到底怎么样还要继续研究. 参考听力 tpo45-lecture2 tpo12-lecture1 lecture 5 话题分类：心理学内容回忆孩童的四个心理阶段.讲了孩子认知的发展阶段 0-2 2-7 8-12 12-18 这样然后讲了 critics 的批判然后说但主流认为这个观点是对的每个阶段基本都有考个考了玩具的作用教授提自己孩子的作品。有重听最后一部分参考听力 tpo15-lecture1 tpo10-lecture4, tpo13-conversation1

1 月 6 日托福阅读真题回忆：综合点评本次考试作为 2018 年的一次考试，托福阅读的难度适中，我们选取其中一套考题进行分析。这套题目中分别考察了历史类，生物类以及地理类话题。其中生物类话题和地理类话题都考到了之前机经的题目，分别是 jellyfish(2017 年 4 月 1 号加试题 )以及 Cretaceous Extinction(2017 年 5 月 27 日考题)。所以，建议同学们在准备考试过程中，把重点放在生物和地质类话题的文章上，同时，利用好机经。 Passage 1 学科分类：历史学题目：Extended family 内容回忆该篇文章主要讲的是工业革命家庭变化情况。本文共 4 段。第一段说了在工业革命的时候，由于工作压力增加，很多大家庭都变成了 nuclear family。这样更加符合当时的社会情况。之后，说明了这种小家庭单元的优势。第二段说尽管如此，小家庭仍然需要 social contact.之后举了一些例子和数据支持这样的观点，如：当遇到生病啊等特殊情况时，父母和家人永远是最主要的依靠对象只要有联系就可以从他们中得到精神支持。第三段说，数据显示，就算成为了只有父母和小孩的小家庭，他们住的离父母还是很近，有帮助还是要找父母。如：当遇到生病啊等特殊情况时，父母和家人永远是最主要的依靠对象只要有联系就可以从他们中得到精神支持。第四段说其实小家庭还是需要 practical 和 emotional 的支持。 Passage 2 学科分类：动物学题目：Ectotherm animal 内容回忆本文共 4 段。第一段说了 Ectotherm 的定义。第二段说了它的 skin 的 volume 大，所以 exchange heat 快。第三段说有一些大于可以让体温高于水温，温暖的肌肉也方便捕食。第四段说他们的 mobility 很强，会 seasonal migration。 Passage 3 学科分类：生物学题目：Increasing population of jellyfish 内容回忆本文共 4 段。第一段讲 jellyfish 过多其实有好有坏。第二段讲数量多是因为人们 overfishing,导致 competitors 变少，(有 2 道题)水母大量繁殖。第三段讲了全球变暖和酸雨，让二氧化碳融了好多进水中。水母很喜欢。第四段讲了水体富营养化，然而水母比别的动物更适合在这 harsh 环境生存。参考阅读 TPO38 浣熊的成功 Passage 4 学科分类：地理学题目：Cretaceous extinction 内容回忆本文共 5 段。第一段有很多理论都说为啥动物在白垩纪大量灭绝，但是没有一个证据充分。

第二段讲最近某科学家发现 clay 中的 Ir 含量非常高，远高于地球平均值 10 倍，但这样的浓度在陨石上很常见，由此怀疑是大陨石撞击地球导致大量物种灭绝。第三段讲了这种撞击产生的影响。第四段讲了很多证据在支持这一个结论。第五段讲这个坑巨大，可能是在海里或者被亿万年的 sediment 给覆盖了。 1 月 13 日托福口语真题回忆： Task 1 内容回忆 Nowadays，teachers tend to give students group assignment but not individual assignment. Discuss an advantage and a disadvantage of this tendency. 现在老师布置作业都倾向于小组作业而不是个人作业，说出这样做的一个好处和一个坏处。参考答案 In my perspective, gaining valuable experience on teamwork and cooperation is one of the biggest advantages. Take myself for an instance. Last semester I was asked to finish a challenging biology group assignment within one week. During the process, I learned to be a team leader for the first time and I managed to arrange the tasks properly. The good grade we got showed me the great power of cooperation. However, group assignment gives much more pressure on students compared with individual assignment. Teamwork requires coordination between members on not only their schedules but also the opinions. Still the assignment last term, it was really a hard work for us to achieve an agreement on the final conclusion. That’ s the drawback of group assignment. Task 2 内容回忆 When you disagree with your friends and family on some controversial issues, you would choose to convince them or just keep the disagreements. 当你和你的朋友家人在一些有争议的问题上有所分歧时，你会选择说服他们还是大家各持己见。参考答案 In my point of view, just keeping the disagreements would be a better choice compared with convincing others. Firstly, everything can be judged in various ways since there can be numerous angles. I respect all the perspectives towards controversial issues since we can find the reasonable points in different ideas. And when we listen to another view patiently, it’s also a good opportunity to learn something new and have a communication with others. In addition, trying to convince others all the time can be annoying in some occasions. When we are too stubborn on a controversial issue, we may leave a self-opinionated impression on others. Task 3 阅读学校通知：学校取消了借 laptop 给学生的项目; 原因：学生一般不来借 laptop，他们都用大学的电脑。听力态度：反对

原因 1：大学的电脑很老很旧了还经常崩溃，不好用; 原因 2：laptop 很方便，可以带到任何地方。学生有时候会需要在宿舍里堆放一些资料书籍，如果可以使用 laptop，就可以直接把 laptop 带回宿舍，不用搬着书跑到 university computer 那里写论文,那样会很累。 Task 4 生物阅读术语：Aposematic behavior 定义：生物会用一些张扬的行为表明自己不能被吃掉，以吓退捕食者。听力例子：有一种 caterpillar，会吃一种有毒的植物，鸟在吃掉这种 caterpillar 之后就会 sick。这种 caterpillar 看见鸟以后不会逃跑，而是会 shake head up and down。鸟类在吃过这种 caterpillar 之后，再见到它们 shake head up and down，就会想起 sick 的感觉，然后就不会吃它们，而去吃别的 caterpillar。用这种方式来保护自己。 Task 5 日常生活问题女生想做十个人吃的家乡菜，但是能买到食材的超市很远，她的舍友又出了突发状况没法借她车。解决方案解决方案 1：骑自行车去买; 优点 1：可以做家乡菜给大家吃，很 special; 缺点 1：食材很多，要买两趟的话，会花更多的时间; 解决方案 2：换个食谱; 优点 2：食材在 local grocery 就可以买到; 缺点 2：不 special 了。 Task 6 商业话题 Internal constraints 要点要点 1：有的商家是因为 physical 原因导致营业状况不好。例子 1：超市的 cash register 又老又旧，会影响收银速度，从而让客人 annoyed，然后客人就不会再来第二次了。要点 2：employ training 方面做的不好，从而致使营业状况不好。例子 2：超市员工不熟悉货物的位置，顾客询问某件商品在哪里的时候带客人去了错误的地方，导致客人不满而流失掉。 1 月 13 日托福听力真题回忆：综合点评听力难度较 1 月 6 号，文章从话题广度和难度上有所提升，可谓喜忧参半。有些同学第一个 section 较简单，第二个就跪了。看来提高扎实的基本功还是必要的啊。 Conversation 1 话题分类师生讨论内容回忆毕业典礼上的 speech，学生想问 prof 能不能给我改改，pro 说我是评委不能给你改，学生想不同一点，不按照 outline 写，prof 说人家让你进初试，就是喜欢你的 outline. 教授还安利了 city college 的 speech。参考听力 TPO51-conversation2 Conversation 2 话题分类社团活动内容回忆 astronomy department 设计 parity 的 t-shirt。前面是太阳系的 major

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