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Sensirion_Gas_Sensors_SGP30_Datasheet.pdf

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    Datasheet SGP30 Sensirion Gas Platform  Multi-pixel gas sensor for indoor air quality applications  Outstanding long-term stability  I2C interface with TVOC and CO2eq output signals  Very small 6-pin DFN package: 2.45 x 2.45 x 0.9 mm3  Low power consumption: 48 mA at 1.8V  Tape and reel packaged, reflow solderable Product Summary integration The SGP30 is a digital multi-pixel gas sensor designed for easy into air purifier, demand-controlled ventilation, and IoT applications. Sensirion’s CMOSens® technology offers a complete sensor system on a single chip featuring a digital I2C interface, a temperature controlled micro hotplate, and two preprocessed indoor air quality signals. As the first metal-oxide gas sensor featuring multiple sensing elements on one chip, the SGP30 provides more detailed information about the air quality. in The sensing element features an unmatched robustness against contaminating gases present real-world applications enabling a unique long-term stability and low drift. The very small 2.45 x 2.45 x 0.9 mm3 DFN package enables applications limited spaces. Sensirion’s state-of-the-art production process guarantees high reproducibility and reliability. Tape and reel packaging, together with suitability for standard SMD assembly processes make the SGP30 predestined for high-volume applications. in Figure 1 Functional block diagram of the SGP30. www.sensirion.com Version 0.92 – April 2019 – D1 1/18
    1 Sensor Performance 1.1 Gas Sensing Performance The values listed in Table 1 are valid at 25°C, 50% RH and typical VDD. Parameter Signal Values Comments Measurement range1 Specified range Ethanol signal 0 ppm2 to 1000 ppm H2 signal 0 ppm to 1000 ppm Ethanol signal 0.3 ppm to 30 ppm H2 signal 0.5 ppm to 3 ppm The specifications below are defined for this measurement range. The specified measurement range covers the gas concentrations expected in indoor air quality applications. Accuracy is defined as c - cset cset with c the measured concentration and cset the concentration set point. The concentration c is determined by sref - sout ) cref = 0.4 ppm cref = 0.5 ppm Ethanol signal see Figure 2 typ.: 15% of meas. value Accuracy3 c = cref ∙ exp ( 512 H2 signal see Figure 3 typ.: 10% of meas. value with sout: Ethanol/Hydrogen signal output at concentration c sref: Ethanol/Hydrogen signal output at 0.5 ppm H2 Long-term drift3,4 Resolution Sampling frequency Ethanol signal H2 signal Ethanol signal H2 signal Ethanol signal H2 signal see Figure 4 typ.: 1.3% of meas. value see Figure 5 typ.: 1.3% of meas. value Change of accuracy over time: Siloxane accelerated lifetime test5 0.2 % of meas. value Resolution of Ethanol and Hydrogen signal outputs in relative change of the measured concentration Max. 40 Hz Compare with minimum measurement duration in Table 10 Table 1 Gas sensing performance. Specifications are at 25°C, 50% RH and typical VDD. The sensors have been operated for at least 24h before the first characterization. 1 Exposure to ethanol and H2 concentrations up to 1000 ppm have been tested. For applications requiring the measurement of higher gas concentrations please contact Sensirion. 2 ppm: parts per million. 1 ppm = 1000 ppb (parts per billion) 3 90% of the sensors will be within the typical accuracy tolerance, >99% are within the maximum tolerance. 4 The long-term drift is stated as change of accuracy per year of operation. 5 Test conditions: operation in 250 ppm Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) for 200h simulating 10 years of operation in an indoor environment. www.sensirion.com Version 0.92 – April 2019 – D1 2/18
    Accuracy ethanol signal Accuracy H2 signal Figure 2 Typical and maximum accuracy tolerance in % of measured value at 25°C, 50% RH and typical VDD. The sensors have been operated for at least 24h before the characterization. Figure 3 Typical and maximum accuracy tolerance in % of measured value at 25°C, 50% RH and typical VDD. The sensors have been operated for at least 60h before the characterization. Long-term drift Ethanol signal Long-term drift H2 signal Figure 4 Typical and maximum long-term drift in % of measured value at 25°C, 50% RH and typical VDD. The sensors have been operated for at least 24h before the first characterization. Figure 5 Typical and maximum long-term drift in % of measured value at 25°C, 50% RH and typical VDD. The sensors have been operated for at least 60h before the first characterization. 1.2 Air Quality Signals Air quality signals TVOC and CO2eq are calculated from Ethanol and H2 measurements using internal conversion and baseline compensation algorithms (see Figure 6). Baseline compensation & Signal conversion Signal Processing Figure 6 Simplified version of the functional block diagram (compare Figure 1) showing the signal paths of the SGP30. www.sensirion.com Version 0.92 – April 2019 – D1 3/18
    Specifications of air quality signals are shown in Table 2. Parameter Signal Values Comments Output range TVOC signal 0 ppb to 60000 ppb CO2eq signal 400 ppm to 60000 ppm Maximum possible output range. The gas sensing performance is specified for the measurement range as defined in Table 1 Range Resolution 0 ppb - 2008 ppb TVOC signal 2008 ppb – 11110 ppb 1 ppb 6 ppb CO2eq signal 11110 ppb – 60000 ppb 32 ppb 400 ppm – 1479 ppm 1479 ppm – 5144 ppm 5144 ppm – 17597 ppm 1 ppm 3 ppm 9 ppm 17597 ppm – 60000 ppm 31 ppm Sampling rate TVOC signal CO2eq signal Table 2 Air quality signal specifications. 1 Hz 1 Hz The on-chip baseline compensation algorithm has been optimized for this sampling rate. The sensor shows best performance when used with this sampling rate. 1.3 Recommended Operating and Storage Conditions The sensor shows best performance when operated within recommended normal temperature and humidity range of 5 – 55 °C and 4 –20 g/m3, respectively. Long-term exposure (operated and not operated) to conditions outside the recommended range, especially at high humidity, may affect the sensor performance. Prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may accelerate aging. To ensure stable operation of the gas sensor, the conditions described in the document SGP Handling and Assembly Instructions regarding exposure to exceptionally high concentrations of some organic or inorganic compounds have to be met, particularly during operation. Please also refer to the Design-in Guide for optimal integration of the SGP30. www.sensirion.com Version 0.92 – April 2019 – D1 4/18
    2 Electrical Specifications Parameter Supply voltage VDD Hotplate supply voltage VDDH Supply current in measurement mode6 Sleep current LOW-level input voltage HIGH-level input voltage Vhys hysteresis of Schmitt trigger inputs LOW-level output voltage Min. Typ. Max. Unit Comments 1.62 1.62 1.8 1.8 48.8 1.98 1.98 V V mA 2 10 μA Minimal voltage must be guaranteed also for the maximum supply current specified in this table. The measurement mode is activated by sending an “sgp30_iaq_init” or “sgp30_measure_raw” command. Specified at 25°C and typical VDD. The sleep mode is activated after power-up or after a soft reset. Specified at 25°C and typical VDD. -0.5 0.7*VDD 0.3*VDD VDD+0.5 V V 0.05*VDD V 0.2*VDD V (open-drain) at 2mA sink current Communication Digital 2-wire interface, I2C fast mode. Table 3 Electrical specifications. 3 Interface Specifications The SGP30 comes in a 6-pin DFN package, see Table 4. Pin Name Comments 1 2 3 4 5 6 VDD VSS SDA R VDDH SCL Supply voltage Ground Serial data, bidirectional Connect to ground (no electrical function) Supply voltage, hotplate Serial clock, bidirectional Table 4 Pin assignment (transparent top view). Dashed lines are only visible from the bottom. 6 A 20% higher current is drawn during 5ms on VDDH after entering the measurement mode. www.sensirion.com Version 0.92 – April 2019 – D1 5/18 3A X0 8 9123654SGP
    Figure 7 Typical application circuit (for better clarity in the image, the positioning of the pins does not reflect the positions on the real sensor). The electrical specifications of the SGP30 are shown in Table 3. The power supply pins must be decoupled with a 100 nF capacitor that shall be placed as close as possible to pin VDD – see Figure 7. The required decoupling depends on the power supply network connected to the sensor. We also recommend VDD and VDDH pins to be shorted7. SCL is used to synchronize the communication between the microcontroller and the sensor. The SDA pin is used to transfer data to and from the sensor. For safe communication, the timing specifications defined in the I2C manual8 must be met. Both SCL and SDA lines are open-drain I/Os with diodes to VDD and VSS. They should be connected to external pull-up resistors. To avoid signal contention, the microcontroller must only drive SDA and SCL low. The external pull-up resistors (e.g. Rp = 10 kΩ) are required to pull the signal high. For dimensioning resistor sizes please take bus capacity and communication frequency into account (see for example Section 7.1 of NXPs I2C Manual for more details8). It should be noted that pull-up resistors may be included in I/O circuits of microcontrollers. The die pad or center pad is electrically connected to GND. Hence, electrical considerations do not impose constraints on the wiring of the die pad. However, for mechanical stability it is recommended to solder the center pad to the PCB. 4 Absolute Minimum and Maximum Ratings Stress levels beyond those listed in Table 5 may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings for the electrical components only and functional operation of the device at these conditions cannot be guaranteed. Exposure to the absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect the reliability of the device. Parameter Supply voltage VDD Supply voltage VDDH Storage temperature range Operating temperature range Humidity Range ESD HBM ESD CDM Latch up, JESD78 Class II, 125°C Table 5 Absolute minimum and maximum ratings. Rating -0.3 V to +2.16 V -0.3 V to +2.16 V -40 to +125°C -40 to +85°C 10% - 95% (non-condensing) 2 kV 500 V 100 mA Please refer to Handling and Assembly Guideline for Sensirion Gas Sensors on Sensirion webpage for full documentation. 7 If VDD and VDDH are not shorted, it is required that VDD is always powered when VDDH is powered. Otherwise, the sensor might be damaged. 8 http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10204.pdf www.sensirion.com Version 0.92 – April 2019 – D1 6/18
    5 Timing Specifications 5.1 Sensor System Timings The timings refer to the power up and reset of the ASIC part and do not reflect the usefulness of the readings. Parameter Symbol Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit Comments Power-up time Soft reset time tPU tSR After hard reset, VDD ≥VPOR After soft reset - - 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 ms ms - - Table 6 System timing specifications. 5.2 Communication Timings Parameter Symbol Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Comments 0 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.6 0 100 - - - 0.6 - - - - - - - - - - - 400 - - - - - - 300 300 0.9 - 400 kHz µs µs µs µs ns ns ns ns µs µs pF - - - - - - - - - - - - SCL clock frequency fSCL - time Hold condition (repeated) START tHD;STA After this period, the first clock pulse is generated LOW period of the SCL clock HIGH period of the SCL clock Set-up time for a repeated START condition SDA hold time SDA set-up time SCL/SDA rise time SCL/SDA fall time SDA valid time tLOW tHIGH tSU;STA tHD;DAT tSU;DAT tR tF tVD;DAT Set-up time for STOP condition tSU;STO Capacitive load on bus line CB Table 7 Communication timing specifications. - - - - - - - - - - 1/fSCL tHIGH tLOW tR tF SCL tSU;DAT tHD;DAT DATA IN SDA DATA OUT SDA tVD;DAT tF 70% 30% 70% 30% tR 70% 30% Figure 8 Timing diagram for digital input/output pads. SDA directions are seen from the sensor. Bold SDA lines are controlled by the sensor; plain SDA lines are controlled by the micro-controller. Note that SDA valid read time is triggered by falling edge of preceding toggle. www.sensirion.com Version 0.92 – April 2019 – D1 7/18
    6 Operation and Communication The SGP30 supports I2C fast mode. For detailed information on the I2C protocol, refer to NXP I2C-bus specification8. All SGP30 commands and data are mapped to a 16-bit address space. Additionally, data and commands are protected with a CRC checksum to increase the communication reliability. The 16-bit commands that are sent to the sensor already include a 3-bit CRC checksum. Data sent from and received by the sensor is always succeeded by an 8-bit CRC. In write direction it is mandatory to transmit the checksum, since the SGP30 only accepts data if it is followed by the correct checksum. In read direction it is up to the master to decide if it wants to read and process the checksum. SGP30 I2C address Table 8 I2C device address. Hex. Code 0x58 The typical communication sequence between the I2C master (e.g., a microcontroller in a host device) and the sensor is described as follows: 1. The sensor is powered up, communication is initialized 2. The I2C master periodically requests measurement and reads data, in the following sequence: a. b. c. I2C master sends a measurement command I2C master waits until the measurement is finished, either by waiting for the maximum execution time or by waiting for the expected duration and then poll data until the read header is acknowledged by the sensor (expected durations are listed in Table 10) I2C master reads out the measurement result 6.1 Power-Up and Communication Start The sensor starts powering-up after reaching the power-up threshold voltage VDD,Min specified in Table 3. After reaching this threshold voltage, the sensor needs the time tPU to enter the idle state. Once the idle state is entered it is ready to receive commands from the master. Each transmission sequence begins with a START condition (S) and ends with a STOP condition (P) as described in the I2C- bus specification. 6.2 Measurement Communication Sequence A measurement communication sequence consists of a START condition, the I2C write header (7-bit I2C device address plus 0 as the write bit) and a 16-bit measurement command. The proper reception of each byte is indicated by the sensor. It pulls the SDA pin low (ACK bit) after the falling edge of the 8th SCL clock to indicate the reception. With the acknowledgement of the measurement command, the SGP30 starts measuring. When the measurement is in progress, no communication with the sensor is possible and the sensor aborts the communication with a XCK condition. After the sensor has completed the measurement, the master can read the measurement results by sending a START condition followed by an I2C read header. The sensor will acknowledge the reception of the read header and responds with data. The response data length is listed in Table 10 and is structured in data words, where one word consists of two bytes of data followed by one byte CRC checksum. Each byte must be acknowledged by the microcontroller with an ACK condition for the sensor to continue sending data. If the sensor does not receive an ACK from the master after any byte of data, it will not continue sending data. After receiving the checksum for the last word of data, an XCK and STOP condition have to be sent (see Figure 10). The I2C master can abort the read transfer with a XCK followed by a STOP condition after any data byte if it is not interested in subsequent data, e.g. the CRC byte or following data bytes, in order to save time. Note that the data cannot be read more than once, and access to data beyond the specified amount will return a pattern of 1s. 6.3 Measurement Commands The available measurement commands of the SGP30 are listed in Table 10. www.sensirion.com Version 0.92 – April 2019 – D1 8/18
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