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Basics and low-cost solution proposals to move from legacy USB2.0 connector to USB Type-C™ connector with STM32 devices AN4775 Application note Introduction The USB Type-C™ and the Power Delivery is certainly one of the most promising technology to simplify our daily life and to enhance our consumer and mobile user experience. This new reversible USB Type-C™ connector makes the plug insertion more user friendly. The technology offers a single platform connector to carry all necessary data (including video), and using Power Delivery protocol allows to negotiate up to 100W of power to supply or charge equipment connecting to this USB port. Less cables, less connectors and universal chargers are the final objective. Natively the USB Type-C™ connector supports up to 15W (5V @ 3A) of power, extended to 100W (up to 20V @ 5A) with the optional USB Power Delivery feature. 15W of power is far enough for most of hundred of million of legacy USB powered devices actually on the market. This application note is a guideline to introduce this USB Type-CTM connector onto platform to replace legacy USB2.0 connectors. It introduces some basis of the two new standards USB Type-C™ and the USB Power Delivery. This document proposes some schematics to replace in a simple way legacy USB2.0 connector by USB Type-C™ one on platform using USB2.0 communication. Table 1 provides the list of products to which this application note applies. Type Table 1. Applicable products Series Microcontrollers STM32L0 Series STM32L1 Series STM32L1W Series STM32L4 Series STM32F0 Series STM32F1 Series STM32F2 Series STM32F3 Series STM32F4 Series STM32F7 Series March 2016 DocID028454 Rev 1 1/23 www.st.com 1

AN4775 USB Type-C™ in a nutshell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 USB Type-C™ vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1 1.2 1.1.1 Minimum mandatory feature set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Connector pin mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.1 VBUS power options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 CC Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1 Plug orientation/cable twist detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Power Capability detection and usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 2.2 USB power delivery 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Power delivery signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1 Packet Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1.1 3.1.2 K-codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Negotiating Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 Alternate modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Alternate pins re-assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.1 4.2 Billboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Converting STM32xx USB2.0 device only to USB Type-C™ platform 16 Converting STM32xx USB2.0 host to USB Type-C™ platform . . . . . . 17 Converting legacy STM32xx USB2.0 OTG to USB Type-C™ platform 18 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2/23 DocID028454 Rev 1

AN4775 Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. USB plug form factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 USB Type-C™ receptacle pinout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Pull up/down CC detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 SOP* signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pins available for reconfiguration over the Full Featured Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Pins available for reconfiguration for direct connect applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Legacy device using USB Type-C™ receptacle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Legacy host using USB Type-C™ receptacle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Legacy OTG using USB Type-C™ receptacle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 DocID028454 Rev 1 3/23 3

Table 1. Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Applicable products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 USB Type-C™ receptacle pinout meaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Power supply options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DFP CC termination (Rp) requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 UFP CC Termination (Rd) Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Voltage on Sink CC pins (Multiple Source Current Advertisements) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 AN4775 4/23 DocID028454 Rev 1

AN4775 USB Type-C™ in a nutshell 1 USB Type-C™ in a nutshell The USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) introduces two complementary specifications:  The USB Power Delivery (PD) specification rev2.0 details how a link can be transformed from a 4.5W power source (900mA at 5V on VBUS) to a 100W power or consumer source (up to 5A at 20V). The USB Type-C™ cable and connector specification rev1.1 details a reversible, slim connector system based on high speed USB2.0 signals and two SuperSpeed lanes at up to 10 Gbps, which can also be used to support Alternate Modes.  The new connector is designed to be non-polarized and fully reversible, no matter which way it is inserted. As such, this new reversible 24-pin USB Type-C™ plug is aimed to be an universal connector with all the advanced features proposed by Power Delivery:      allowing third-party communication protocols to be routed onto the reconfigurable pins of the USB Type-C™ cable. negotiating power roles, negotiating power sourcing and consumption levels, performing active cable identification, exchanging vendor specific sideband messaging, performing Alternate Mode negotiation, Figure 1. USB plug form factors DocID028454 Rev 1 5/23 22

USB Type-C™ in a nutshell AN4775 The USB Type-C™ cables use the same male connector on both ends. It is also important to mention that USB Type-C™ supports all prior protocols from USB2.0 onward, including the driver stack and power capability. The new connector is quite small as it is only 8.4mm wide by 2.6mm high. As depicted in Figure 1, the new USB Type-C™ plug allows to have single connector to cover all features provided by previous plugs which improve USB facility usage for all customers because of its flexibility in data and power role. USB Type-C™ connection allows port to be in host-mode only, device-mode only or dual role and both data and power roles can be independently and dynamically swapped using USB Power Delivery commands. 1.1 USB Type-C™ vocabulary The terminology commonly used for USB Type-C™ system is:  Downstream Facing Port (DFP): Associated with the flow of data in a USB connection. Typically the ports on a host or on a hub to which devices are connected. In its initial state, the DFP sources VBUS and VCONN and supports data. A charge only DFP port only sources VBUS Upstream Facing Port (UFP): Associated with the flow of data in a USB connection. The port on a device or a hub that connects to a host or the DFP of a hub. In its initial state, UFP sinks VBUS and supports data. Dual Role Port (DRP): Refers to a USB port that can operate as either a source or a sink. The role of the port offers may be fixed to either source or sink or may alternate between the two port states. Initially when operating as a source, the port also takes role of a DFP and when operating as a sink, the port takes a role of a UFP. The port role may be change dynamically either to reverse power or data roles. Source: Port asserting Rp (Pull up resistor. See Figure 3) on CC (Command Control pins. See Chapter 2) pins and providing power over VBUS (5V to 20V and up to 5A), most commonly a Host or Hub DFP (like legacy Type-A port) Sink: Port asserting Rd (Pull down resistor. See Figure 3) on CC pins and consuming power from VBUS (5V to 20V and up to 5A), most commonly a device (like legacy Type- B port)     1.1.1 Minimum mandatory feature set USB Type-C™ port are not required to implement and supports all of the advanced features that are defined within all specifications. The minimum features which need to be supported by the system are:    Cable attach and detach detection Plug orientation/cable twist detection USB2.0 connection 6/23 DocID028454 Rev 1

AN4775 1.2  Connector pin mapping The 24-pins USB Type-C™ includes  USB2.0 differential pairs (D+/D-) Power pins: VBUS/GND symmetric connections: – – asymmetric connections – – USB Type-C™ in a nutshell Two sets of Tx/Rx signal paths which support USB3.1 data speed configuration channels (CC lines) which handles discovery, configuration and management of USB Type-C™ power delivery features Two Side Band Use (SBU lines) signals are present for analog audio modes and may be used by alternate mode – Figure 2. USB Type-C™ receptacle pinout DocID028454 Rev 1 7/23 22

USB Type-C™ in a nutshell 1.2.1 VBUS power options AN4775 Name GND TX1+ TX1- VBUS Table 1. USB Type-C™ receptacle pinout meaning Description Comment Ground return can be up to 5A split into 4 pins USB3.0 datalines or Alternate 10Gb TX differential pair in USB3.1 Bus power max power is 100W (20V - 5A) split into 4 pins CC1 or VCONN Configuration Channel or power for active or electronically marked cable In VCONN configuration, min power is 1W D+ D- SBU1 VBUS RX2- RX2+ GND GND TX2+ TX2- VBUS CC2 or VCONN D+ D- SBU2 VBUS RX1- RX1+ GND USB2.0 datalines Side Band Use Bus power Alternate mode only max power is 100W split into 4 pins USB3.0 datalines or Alternate 10Gb RX differential pair in USB3.1 Ground return Ground return can be up to 5A split into 4 pins can be up to 5A split into 4 pins USB3.0 datalines or Alternate 10Gb TX differential pair in USB3.1 Bus power Configuration Channel or power for active or electronically marked cable max power is 100W split into 4 pins In VCONN configuration, min power is 1W USB2.0 datalines Side Band Use Bus power Alternate mode only max power is 100W split into 4 pins USB3.0 datalines or Alternate 10Gb RX differential pair in USB3.1 Ground return can be up to 5A split into 4 pins Pin A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 8/23 DocID028454 Rev 1

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