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Learning Cocoa with Objective C.pdf
Table of contents
Copyright
Preface
Audience
About the Example Code
How This Book Is Organized
How to Use This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
Part I: Cocoa Overview and Foundation
Chapter 1. Introduction to Cocoa
1.1 The Mac OS X Programming Environment
1.2 Cocoa Defined
1.3 The Cocoa Frameworks
1.4 Languages
1.5 The Foundation Framework
1.6 The Application Kit Framework
Chapter 2. Cocoa Development Tools
2.1 Installing the Developer Tools
2.2 Interface Builder
2.3 Other Tools
2.4 Exercises
Chapter 3. Object-Oriented Programming with Objective-C
3.1 Introducing Objects
3.2 Creating and Using Objects
3.3 Methods and Messages
3.4 Objective-C-Defined Types
3.5 Creating New Classes
3.6 Overriding Methods
3.7 Other Concepts
3.8 Exercises
Chapter 4. The Cocoa Foundation Kit
4.1 Strings
4.2 Collections
4.3 Memory Management
4.4 Exercises
Part II: Single-Window Applications
Chapter 5. Graphical User Interfaces
5.1 Graphical User Interfaces in Cocoa
5.2 Designing Applications Using MVC
5.3 Create the Currency Converter Project
5.4 Create the Interface
5.5 Define the Classes
5.6 Connect the Model, Controller, and View
5.7 Implement the Classes
5.8 Build and Run
5.9 Exercises
Chapter 6. Windows, Views, and Controls
6.1 Windows and the Window System
6.2 The View Hierarchy
6.3 Coordinate Systems
6.4 Controls, Cells, and Formatters
6.5 Targets and Actions
6.6 Exercises
Chapter 7. Custom Views
7.1 Custom View Creation Steps
7.2 Create a Custom View
7.3 Drawing into a View: Behind the Scenes
7.4 Draw Strings into a View
7.5 Draw Paths into a View
7.6 Exercises
Chapter 8. Event Handling
8.1 Events
8.2 Dot View Application
8.3 Event Delegation
8.4 Notifications
8.5 Exercises
Chapter 9. Models and Data Functionality
9.1 Protocols
9.2 Key-Value Coding
9.3 Table Views
9.4 Table View Example
9.5 Saving Data: Coding and Archiving
9.6 Using Formatters
9.7 Sorting Tables
9.8 Exercises
Part III: Document-Based Applications
Chapter 10. Multiple Document Architecture
10.1 Architectural Overview
10.2 Building a Document-Based Application
10.3 Exercises
Chapter 11. Rich-Text Handling
11.1 Cocoa's Text System
11.2 Creating a Rich-Text Editor
11.3 Enabling the Font Menu
11.4 Text Storage and Attributed Text
11.5 Enabling the Text Menu
11.6 Handling Embedded Images
11.7 Exercises
Part IV: Miscellaneous Topics
Chapter 12. Printing
12.1 Printing a View
12.2 Using Print Operations
12.3 Setting Margins
12.4 Exercises
Chapter 13. Bundles and Resources
13.1 Peeking Inside Bundles
13.2 Using Bundles
13.3 Exercises
Chapter 14. Localization
14.1 Mac OS X Language Preferences
14.2 Localizing Resources
14.3 Localizing Nib Files
14.4 Localizing Strings
14.5 Exercises
Chapter 15. Defaults and Preferences
15.1 How Preferences Work
15.2 Using Defaults
15.3 Command-Line Preferences Access
15.4 Using Unique Application Identifiers
15.5 Exercises
Chapter 16. Accessory Windows
16.1 The Role of File's Owner
16.2 Making an Info Window
16.3 Exercises
Chapter 17. Finishing Touches
17.1 Tidying Up the User Interface
17.2 Providing an Icon
17.3 Providing Help
17.4 Customizing the About Box
17.5 Tweaking Compiler Settings
17.6 Packaging for Distribution
17.7 Closure
17.8 Exercises
Part V: Appendixes
Appendix A. Exercise Solutions
A.1 Chapter 2
A.2 Chapter 3
A.3 Chapter 4
A.4 Chapter 5
A.5 Chapter 6
A.6 Chapter 7
A.7 Chapter 8
A.8 Chapter 9
A.9 Chapter 10
A.10 Chapter 11
A.11 Chapter 12
A.12 Chapter 13
A.13 Chapter 14
A.14 Chapter 15
A.15 Chapter 16
A.16 Chapter 17
Appendix B. Additional Resources
B.1 Documentation on Your Hard Drive
B.2 Printed Documentation
B.3 Getting Sample Code
B.4 Web Sites
B.5 Mailing Lists
B.6 Partnering with Apple
Appendix C. Using the Foundation and Application Kit API References
C.1 Cocoa Browser
Colophon
Index
Learning Cocoa with Objective-C
By Apple Computer, Inc. , James Duncan Davidson
Publisher: O'Reilly
Pub Date: September 2002
ISBN: 0-596-00301-3
Pages: 382
• Reviews
• Examples
• Reader Reviews
• Errata
Copyright
Preface
Audience
About the Example Code
How This Book Is Organized
How to Use This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
Part I: Cocoa Overview and Foundation
Chapter 1. Introduction to Cocoa
Section 1.1. The Mac OS X Programming Environment
Section 1.2. Cocoa Defined
Section 1.3. The Cocoa Frameworks
Section 1.4. Languages
Section 1.5. The Foundation Framework
Section 1.6. The Application Kit Framework
Chapter 2. Cocoa Development Tools
Section 2.1. Installing the Developer Tools
Section 2.2. Interface Builder
Section 2.3. Other Tools
Section 2.4. Exercises
Chapter 3. Object-Oriented Programming with Objective-C
Section 3.1. Introducing Objects
Section 3.2. Creating and Using Objects
Section 3.3. Methods and Messages
Section 3.4. Objective-C-Defined Types
Section 3.5. Creating New Classes
Section 3.6. Overriding Methods
Section 3.7. Other Concepts
Section 3.8. Exercises
Chapter 4. The Cocoa Foundation Kit
Section 4.1. Strings
Section 4.2. Collections
Section 4.3. Memory Management
Section 4.4. Exercises
Part II: Single-Window Applications
Chapter 5. Graphical User Interfaces
Section 5.1. Graphical User Interfaces in Cocoa
Section 5.2. Designing Applications Using MVC
Section 5.3. Create the Currency Converter Project
Section 5.4. Create the Interface
Section 5.5. Define the Classes
Section 5.6. Connect the Model, Controller, and View
Section 5.7. Implement the Classes
Section 5.8. Build and Run
Section 5.9. Exercises
Chapter 6. Windows, Views, and Controls
Section 6.1. Windows and the Window System
Section 6.2. The View Hierarchy
Section 6.3. Coordinate Systems
Section 6.4. Controls, Cells, and Formatters
Section 6.5. Targets and Actions
Section 6.6. Exercises
Chapter 7. Custom Views
Section 7.1. Custom View Creation Steps
Section 7.2. Create a Custom View
Section 7.3. Drawing into a View: Behind the Scenes
Section 7.4. Draw Strings into a View
Section 7.5. Draw Paths into a View
Section 7.6. Exercises
Chapter 8. Event Handling
Section 8.1. Events
Section 8.2. Dot View Application
Section 8.3. Event Delegation
Section 8.4. Notifications
Section 8.5. Exercises
Chapter 9. Models and Data Functionality
Section 9.1. Protocols
Section 9.2. Key-Value Coding
Section 9.3. Table Views
Section 9.4. Table View Example
Section 9.5. Saving Data: Coding and Archiving
Section 9.6. Using Formatters
Section 9.7. Sorting Tables
Section 9.8. Exercises
Part III: Document-Based Applications
Chapter 10. Multiple Document Architecture
Section 10.1. Architectural Overview
Section 10.2. Building a Document-Based Application
Section 10.3. Exercises
Chapter 11. Rich-Text Handling
Section 11.1. Cocoa's Text System
Section 11.2. Creating a Rich-Text Editor
Section 11.3. Enabling the Font Menu
Section 11.4. Text Storage and Attributed Text
Section 11.5. Enabling the Text Menu
Section 11.6. Handling Embedded Images
Section 11.7. Exercises
Part IV: Miscellaneous Topics
Chapter 12. Printing
Section 12.1. Printing a View
Section 12.2. Using Print Operations
Section 12.3. Setting Margins
Section 12.4. Exercises
Chapter 13. Bundles and Resources
Section 13.1. Peeking Inside Bundles
Section 13.2. Using Bundles
Section 13.3. Exercises
Chapter 14. Localization
Section 14.1. Mac OS X Language Preferences
Section 14.2. Localizing Resources
Section 14.3. Localizing Nib Files
Section 14.4. Localizing Strings
Section 14.5. Exercises
Chapter 15. Defaults and Preferences
Section 15.1. How Preferences Work
Section 15.2. Using Defaults
Section 15.3. Command-Line Preferences Access
Section 15.4. Using Unique Application Identifiers
Section 15.5. Exercises
Chapter 16. Accessory Windows
Section 16.1. The Role of File's Owner
Section 16.2. Making an Info Window
Section 16.3. Exercises
Chapter 17. Finishing Touches
Section 17.1. Tidying Up the User Interface
Section 17.2. Providing an Icon
Section 17.3. Providing Help
Section 17.4. Customizing the About Box
Section 17.5. Tweaking Compiler Settings
Section 17.6. Packaging for Distribution
Section 17.7. Closure
Section 17.8. Exercises
Part V: Appendixes
Appendix A. Exercise Solutions
Section A.1. Chapter 2
Section A.2. Chapter 3
Section A.3. Chapter 4
Section A.4. Chapter 5
Section A.5. Chapter 6
Section A.6. Chapter 7
Section A.7. Chapter 8
Section A.8. Chapter 9
Section A.9. Chapter 10
Section A.10. Chapter 11
Section A.11. Chapter 12
Section A.12. Chapter 13
Section A.13. Chapter 14
Section A.14. Chapter 15
Section A.15. Chapter 16
Section A.16. Chapter 17
Appendix B. Additional Resources
Section B.1. Documentation on Your Hard Drive
Section B.2. Printed Documentation
Section B.3. Getting Sample Code
Section B.4. Web Sites
Section B.5. Mailing Lists
Section B.6. Partnering with Apple
Appendix C. Using the Foundation and Application Kit API References
Section C.1. Cocoa Browser
Colophon
Index
Book: Learning Cocoa with Objective-C
Copyright © 2002, 2001 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol,
CA 95472.
O'Reilly & Associates books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales
promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safari.oreilly.
com). For more information contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-
9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O'Reilly logo are registered
trademarks of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers
and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those
designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. was aware of a trademark
claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. The association between
the image of an Irish setter and the topic of Cocoa is a trademark of O'Reilly & Associates,
Inc.
Apple Computer, Inc. boldly combined open source technologies with its own
programming efforts to create Mac OS X, one of the most versatile and stable operating
systems now available. In the same spirit, Apple has joined forces with O'Reilly &
Associates to bring you an indispensable collection of technical publications. The ADC
logo indicates that the book has been technically reviewed by Apple engineers and is
recommended by the Apple Developer Connection.
Apple, the Apple logo, AppleScript, AppleTalk, AppleWorks, Carbon, Cocoa, ColorSync,
Finder, FireWire, iBook, iMac, iPod, Mac, Mac logo, Macintosh, PowerBook, QuickTime,
QuickTime logo, Sherlock, and WebObjects are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.,
registered in the United States and other countries. The "keyboard" Apple logo (
with permission of Apple Computer, Inc.
) is used
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and
the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
the use of the information contained herein.
Book: Learning Cocoa with Objective-C
Preface
Like a finely tuned BMW, Mac OS X is the ultimate programming machine.
Under the hood lies a powerful Unix engine, named Darwin, developed via Apple's open
source initiative and based on FreeBSD 4.4 and the Mach 3.0 microkernel. On the outside
is a highly polished graphical user interface (GUI) whose usability can't be touched by any
desktop environment on the planet, including GNOME and KDE for Linux, as well as
Windows XP.
The newest cat on the block-Mac OS X 10.2 (code-named Jaguar)-takes desktop and
network computing to a new level. Jaguar, first introduced to developers as a pre-Alpha
release at Apple's Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) in May 2002 and later
released to the public on August 24, 2002, brings many changes and improvements to the
legacy set forth by the previous Mac OS X releases. These changes include several
additions to the Cocoa application programming interfaces (APIs), known as the Cocoa
frameworks, arguably the best GUI application development environment on the face of
the planet. An integrated set of libraries and runtime, Cocoa provides a rich infrastructure
on which to build great user applications.
On Codenames and Cats
As mentioned earlier, Mac OS X 10.2 was code-named Jaguar during its
development and testing phase. Earlier releases of Mac OS X included Puma
(Mac OS X 10.1) and Cheetah (Mac OS X 10.0). Software developers like to
give their projects names that evoke some emotion or theme for the release being
worked on. A little research shows that the cheetah is the world's fastest land
mammal, while the jaguar, unlike many other big cats, has no predators save for
man. Worthy goals indeed.
Apple became so enamored of the Jaguar name that they ended up putting it onto
the box in which Mac OS X 10.2 is released, complete with a jaguar fur motif.
When it comes to building Cocoa applications, developers can choose from three languages
to work with the Cocoa APIs: Objective-C, Java, and AppleScript. This new edition of
Learning Cocoa, retitled as Learning Cocoa with Objective-C and thoroughly revised and
updated for Jaguar, shows you how to get started with building Cocoa applications for Mac
OS X using the Objective-C binding to the Cocoa frameworks.
As an introductory book on Cocoa development, Learning Cocoa with Objective-C
accomplishes the following:
l Introduces you to the concepts of object-oriented programming with Objective-C
l Shows you how to use Apple's Developer Tools, in particular, Project Builder and
Interface Builder
l Introduces you to Cocoa's frameworks-Foundation and the Application Kit-by
having you build simple applications along the way
The concepts learned in one chapter spill over to the next, and the sample programs you
build while reading along get more complex as you go deeper into the book. By the end of
the book, you will have learned enough about Cocoa and Objective-C to set you on your
way to higher learning, and for that, there are plenty of other books available:
l Building Cocoa Applications: A Step-by-Step Guide, by Simson Garfinkel and
Michael K. Mahoney (O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.)
l Cocoa Programming for Mac OS X, by Aaron Hillegass (Addison-Wesley)
l Cocoa Programming, by Scott Anguish, Erik Buck, and Donald Yacktman (Sams)
While these books also deal with Cocoa programming with Objective-C, each book takes a
slightly different approach. Programming is a funny art, and sometimes it is invaluable to
see several approaches to the same subject matter. To be a true master of the craft, you'll
probably want to read each of these books and glean from each what you can.[1]
In addition to this and the previously listed books, you also have a vast resource of
information at your fingertips in the form of Apple's own documentation. Installed on your
system along with the Developer Tools, Apple's docs can be found in /Developer /
Documentation in both PDF and HTML format. If you have a fast or constant link to the
Internet, you can save some space on your hard drive by dumping these docs in the Trash
and using the online documentation found at http://developer.apple.com.
When Apple updates their documentation, they often first post
the revisions online, so you might want to keep that URL handy.
Additionally, there are some online resources-mailing lists and web sites-that you should
subscribe to and read frequently. A listing of these resources can be found in Appendix B,
located at the back of this book.
[1] Learn the ways of the Force, Luke-just stay away from the Dark Side.
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