Delta-Sigma解调器在旋转变压器中的应用 130812.pdf-资料库

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X M C 4 0 0 0 F a m i l y 利用 D e l t a - S i g m a 解调器获取旋转变压器的位置信息 AP93001 A p p l i c a t i o n N o t e V1.0 2013-08 M i c r o c o n t r o l l e r s

Edition 2013-08 Published by Infineon Technologies AG, 81726 Munich, Germany. © 2013 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE THE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered.

利用 Delta-Sigma 解调器获取旋转变压器的位置信息 AP93001 Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG AURIX™, C166™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CIPURSE™, EconoPACK™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, CROSSAVE™, DAVE™, DI-POL™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPIM™, EconoPACK™, EiceDRIVER™, eupec™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, I²RF™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, ISOFACE™, POWERCODE™; PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, PrimeSTACK™, PRO-SIL™, PROFET™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SIPMOS™, SmartLEWIS™, SOLID FLASH™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TRENCHSTOP™, TriCore™. Other Trademarks Infrared Data Association Corporation. Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, KEIL™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™, µVision™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. ISO™ of Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Last Trademarks Update 2011-11-11 Application Note 3 V1.0, 2013-08

利用 Delta-Sigma 解调器获取旋转变压器的位置信息 AP93001 Revision History Major changes since previous revision Date Version Changed By Change Description We Listen to Your Comments there any Is Your Please send your proposal (including a reference to this document title/number) to: feedback will help us to continuously information in this document that you improve feel is wrong, unclear or missing? the quality of our documentation. ctdd@infineon.com Application Note 4 V1.0, 2013-08

Table of Contents 利用 Delta-Sigma 解调器获取旋转变压器的位置信息 AP93001 1 1.1 1.2 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 4.1 4.2 概述 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 旋转变压器 .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Delta-Sigma 解调器 ............................................................................................................................. 7 解调原理 .............................................................................................................................................. 9 实现过程 ............................................................................................................................................ 11 载波生成 ............................................................................................................................................ 12 励磁电路 ............................................................................................................................................ 13 返回电路 ............................................................................................................................................ 13 前端调制器 ........................................................................................................................................ 14 滤波环节 ............................................................................................................................................ 16 整形环节 ............................................................................................................................................ 19 积分环节 ............................................................................................................................................ 21 角度计算 ............................................................................................................................................ 23 实验结果 ............................................................................................................................................ 25 测试平台 ............................................................................................................................................ 25 结果分析 ............................................................................................................................................ 25 Application Note 5 V1.0, 2013-08

1 概述利用 Delta-Sigma 解调器获取旋转变压器的位置信息 AP93001 概述旋转变压器是一种精密的位置、速度检测装置，尤其适用于高温、严寒、潮湿、高速、振动等环境恶劣、旋转编码器无法正常工作的场合。因此，被广泛应用在伺服控制、机器人、机械工具、汽车、电力、冶金、纺织、印刷、航空航天、船舶、兵器、电子、冶金、矿山、油田等领域的位置、速度检测系统中。但是，旋转变压器在使用时并不能直接提供角度或位置信息，需要特殊的激励信号和解调、计算措施，才能将旋转变压器信号中包含的位置信息得到。本文将详细描述如何使用 XMC4500 中的 Delta-Sigma 解调器（Delta Sigma Demodulator，DSD）模块获取旋转变压器的位置信息。 1.1 旋转变压器旋转变压器按照极数、工作方式可分为多种，目前应用最为广泛的是单输入、双输出的无刷旋转变压器。它包含三个绕组，即一个转子绕组和两个定子绕组，两个定子绕组互为 90°分布，如图 1 所示。图 1 旋转变压器工作原理其工作原理是，将高频的正弦载波通过耦合施加在转子绕组上，并耦合至次级定子绕组。，如式(1.2)，便可得到与转子位置相关的，对幅值进行调制的定子绕组输出信号 (1.3)所示。和 (1.1) (1.2) (1.3) 两个定子绕组的调制输出信号的相位相差 90 度。通过解调将高频的载波成分去除后，可以获得和信号，如式(1.4)，(1.5)所示。据此可计算出电机的转子位置信息，如式(1.6)所示。 (1.4) (1.5) Application Note 6 V1.0, 2013-08 inVsinoutVcosoutVsintinVVsinsinsinsinoutinVKVKVtcoscossincosoutinVKVKVtsinVcosVsinsinVKVcoscosVKVDSD_ResolverPrinciple.emf

利用 Delta-Sigma 解调器获取旋转变压器的位置信息 AP93001 概述 (1.6) 由此可看出，在获取旋转变压器位置信息的过程中需要三个要素： 1. 载波生成，产生高频的激励载波； 2. 高频采样，对返回的带有高频载波的信号进行采样； 3. 解耦计算，通过解耦去除高频载波信号，进而计算得到位置。而装备了 Delta-Sigma 解调器模块的 XMC4500 处理器则同时具备这样的能力。 1.2 Delta-Sigma 解调器如图 2 所示，Delta-Sigma ADC 转换器一般包含两个部分：前一部分通过调制将模拟输入变为数字脉冲信号（比特流）和时钟；后一部分通过数字滤波器将数字脉冲信号还原为高分辨率的数据。若将这两个部分独立为两个模块时，我们称前一个部分为调制器（Modulator），称后一个部分为解调器（Demodulator）。图 2 Delta-Sigma ADC 框图对于一般的 Delta-Sigma ADC 而言，其解调器只包含数字滤波器功能，而 XMC4500 配备的 Delta-Sigma 解调器却并非仅仅如此。如图 3 所示，Delta-Sigma 解调器中除了包含一个阶数（1,2,3）可选的主滤波器以外，还具有以下功能环节：  载波发生器  整形器  积分器  辅助滤波器  极限比较检查单元图 3 Delta-Sigma 解调器框图 Application Note 7 V1.0, 2013-08 sincosarctanoutoutVV Modulator(Analog Frontend)Demodulator(Digital Filter)bit streamclockanaloginputdigitaloutputDSD_DSADC.emfRectifierRectifierRectifierDSD_BlockDiagram.emfModulator(Analog Frontend)Modulator(Analog Frontend)Modulator(Analog Frontend)Modulator(Analog Frontend)bit streamclockDemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256Main Filter Comb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256IntegratorIntegratorIntegratorIntegratorCarrierGeneratorRectifieranaloginputcarrier signalDemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256Aux Filter Comb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...32DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256Comparator& Limit CheckerCPU and PeripheralsresultcontrolServ.Req.XMC4500

利用 Delta-Sigma 解调器获取旋转变压器的位置信息 AP93001 概述将这些功能环节组合使用，并搭配前端的调制器芯片，便可完成旋转变压器的位置信息获取任务。因此，XMC4500 的 Delta-Sigma 解调器模块不仅可以实现传统 Delta-Sigma ADC 中数字滤波的“解调”（将低分辨率的数字脉冲还原为高分辨率的数据）功能，而且还可完成对旋转变压器高频调制信号的“解调” （去除高频载波分量）工作。同时如图 4 所示，由于 XMC4500 内嵌了这样的解调器模块，在保证同样功能、灵活性的条件下，与传统的解决方案相比硬件结构更加简单，省略了中间通讯环节，提高可靠性的同时，降低了系统成本。图 4 XMC4500 与传统方案的对比 Application Note 8 V1.0, 2013-08 Modulator-ChipDemodulator-Chip(ASIC, FPGA)bit streamclockanaloginputSPIMicro-controllerModulator(Analog Frontend)Modulator(Analog Frontend)Modulator(Analog Frontend)Modulator-Chipbit streamclockanaloginputresultCPU and PeripheralscontrolXMC4500DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256DemodulatorComb1/2/3/FDec. Factor4...256

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