2015 年湖南长沙理工大学外国语学院英语翻译基础考研真 题及答案 一、词语翻译（每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 1. 音译 【答案】transliteration 2. 形合 【答案】hypotaxis 3. 《红楼梦》 【答案】Dream of the RedChamber 4. 《反分裂国家法》 【答案】Anti-Secession Law 5. 国内生产总值 【答案】gross domestic product (GDP) 6. 浮动汇率 【答案】floating exchange rate 7. 离岸价格 【答案】FOB(free onboard) 8. The Pilgrim’s Progress 【答案】《天路历程》 9. Emancipation Proclamation 【答案】奴隶解放宣言 10. House of Lords 【答案】上议院 11. reserve fund 【答案】储备基金 12. budget deficit 【答案】预算赤字 13. civil right 

【答案】民事权利 14. legal council 【答案】法律顾问 15. guardian 【答案】监护人 二、汉译英（共 60 分） 最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就是表示我 们的寿命己经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就 是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。因为时间即生命。没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍 视他的时间。如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人， 使生命成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。这道理人人都懂，可是很少人真能 积极不懈的善为利用他的时间。 我自己就是浪费了很多时间的一个人。我不打麻将，我不经常的听戏看电影，几年中难得 一次，我不长时间看电视，通常只看半个小时，我也不串门子闲聊天。有人问我：“那么你 大部分时间都做了些什么呢？”我痛自反省，我发现，除了职务上的必须及人情上所不能 免的活动之外，我的时间大部分都浪费了。我应该集中精力，读我所未读过的书，我应该 利用所有时间，写我所要写的东西。但是我没能这样做。我的好多的时间都糊里糊涂的混 过去了，“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。” 【参考答案】 It is most startlingto hear a watch or clock clicking away the seconds, each click indicating theshortening of one ’s life by a little bit. Likewise, with each page torn off thewall calendar, one’s life is shortened by another day. Time, therefore, islife. Nevertheless, few people treasure their time as much as their life. Timemust not be wasted if you want to do your bit in your remaining years oracquire some useful knowledge to improve yourself and help others, so that yourlife may turn out to be significant and fruitful. All that is foolproof, yetfew people really strive to make the best use of their time. Personally, I amalso a fritterer. I don’t play mahjong. I seldom go to the theatre or cinema—Igo there maybe only once every few years. I seldom spend long hours watching TV—usuallyI watch TV for no more than 30 minutes at a sitting. Nor do I go visiting andgossiping from door to door. Some people asked me, “Then what do you do withmost of your time?” Introspecting with remorse, I found that apart from thetime earmarked from my job and unavoidable social activities, most of my timehad been wasted. I should have concentrated my energies on reading whatever booksI have not yet read. I should have utilized all my time in writing anything Iwant to write. But I have failed to do so. Very much of my time has beenfrittered away aimlessly. As the saying goes, “One who does not work hard inyouth will grieve in vain in old age.” 

三、英译汉（共 60 分） I was always fond of visiting new scenes, andobserving strange characters and manners. Evern when a mere child I began mytravels and made many tours of discovery into foreign parts and unknown regionsof my native city; to the frequent alarm of my parents and the emolument of thetown-crier. As I grew into boyhood, I extended the range of my observations. Myholiday afternoons were spent in rambles about the surrounding country. I mademyself familiar with all its places famous in history or fable. I knew everyspot where a murder or robbery had been committed, or a ghost seen. I visitedthe neighboring villages and added greatly to my stock of knowledge, by notingtheir habits and customs, and conversing with their sages and great men. I evenjourneyed one long summer’s dayto the summit of the most distant hill, from whence I stretched my eye overmany a mile of terra incognita, and was astonished to find how vast a globe Iinhabited. This rambling propensity strengthened,with ray years. Books of voyages and travels became my passion, and in devouringtheir contents I neglected the regular exercises of the school. How wistfullywould I wander about the pier heads in fine weather, and watch the partingships, bound to distant climes. With what longing eyes would I gaze after theirlessening sails, and waft myself in imagination to the ends of the earth. Further reading and thinking, though theybrought this vague inclination into more reasonable bounds, only served to makeit more decided. I visited various parts of my own country, and had I been merely a lover of fine scenery, I shouldhave felt little desire to seek elsewhere its gratification, for on no countryhave the charms of nature been more prodigally lavished. Her mighty lakes, likeoceans of liquid silver; her mountains, with their bright aerial tints; hervalleys teeming with wild fertility; her tremendous cataracts thundering intheir solitudes; her boundless plains waving with spontaneous verdure; herbroad deep rivers, rolling in solemn silence to the ocean; her trackless forests,where vegetation puts forth all its magnificence; her skies kindling with themagic of summer clouds and glorious sunshine — no, never need an American lookbeyond his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery. 【参考答案】 我平生最喜游览新境，考察种种异地人物及其风习。早在童稚时期，我的旅行即已开始， 观察区域之广，遍及我出生城镇的各个偏僻之所与罕至之地；此事固曾使我的父母饱受虚 惊，市镇报讯人却也赖以而沾益颇丰。及长，我观察的范围更续有扩大。无数假日下午尽 兴消磨在郊埛的漫游之中。那里一切历史上或传说上有名的地方，我无不十分熟悉。我知 道那里的每一处杀人越货之所与鬼神出没之地。我继而访问了许多邻村，观察其他的风俗 习惯，并与当地的圣贤与伟人接谈，因而极大增加了我的原有见闻。一次，在一个漫长的 夏日天气，我竟漫游到了一座远山之巅，登临纵目，望见了数不尽的无名广土，因而惊悟 所居天地之宽。 这种浪游的习性在我竟随着年龄而俱增。描写海与陆的游记成了我的酷嗜，寝馈其中，致 废课业。我往往怀着多么渴慕的心情漫步在码头周围，凝视着一艘艘离去的船只驶赴迢迢 的远方；我曾以何等希羡的眼神目送着那渐渐消失的桅帆，并在想象之中自己也随风飘越 

至地角天边！ 此后进一步的阅读与思考虽使这种渺茫的向往稍就理性之范，却适足以使之更其固定。我 游历了自己国土的各个地方；而如果我的爱好仅限于妍丽景物的追逐，则快心悦目，尽可 以无须远求，因为纯以大自然的妩媚而论，此邦却可谓得天独厚，世罕其俦，试想她那银 波荡漾、与海相若的浩渺湖面；那晴光耀眼、顶作天青的巍峨群山；那粗犷而富饶盈衍的 峡岸溪谷；那雷鸣喧蹄于阒寂之中的巨大飞瀑急湍；那绿色葱茏、好风阵阵的无际平原； 那庄严静谧、滚滚入海的深广江流；那万木争荣、无径可循的茂密森林；那夏云丽日、谲 诡幻变的灿烂天空；——不，在自然景物的壮丽方面，美国人从不需要舍本而求远。