蔚来汽车汽车以太网网络架构.pdf

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浅谈汽车以太网网络架构 13/12/2018 蔚来汽车盛莹莹

EE Architecture Transformation • EE Architecture Transformation after adopting Ethernet • EE architecture and component update Flat architecture • One Ethernet component • CGW Domain architecture • More Ethernet component • Domain controllers • Cameras/Displays Zone architecture • More Ethernet components • Zone controllers • Central computation • Sensors • … 2 GatewayETHOBDDomain 1Domain 2ETHDomain 3Domain 4ETHETHETHETHETHOBDZone 4Zone 5Zone 6Zone 1Central ComputationZone 2Zone 3OBDETHETH

EE Architecture - Yesterday • Flat architecture • Legacy bus • CAN - since 1991 • Low-speed serial data bus: 1Mbps • LIN – since 2001 • Low-speed serial data bus: 20Kbps • FlexRay – since 2005 • Low-speed serial data bus: 10Mbps • LVDS – since 2001 • Point-to-point high speed link: 1-4Gbps • For cameras and displays • Ethernet - since 2008 • Tester connect to gateway via Ethernet • DoIP (Diagnostic over Internet Protocol) • Diagnostics and programming • 100Mbps IEEE 100BASE-TX: 2 pairs of twisted cable • • Enable parallel programming • Gateway Logical address mapping • • Routing/Forwarding 100BASE-TX cabling: 2 pairs of unshielded twisted cable Ethernet frame 3 GatewayETHOBDPRBETH HdrIP HdrTCP/UDP HdrDoIP HdrPayloadCRC

EE Architecture - Today • Domain based architecture • Function Domain • Body/Infotainment/ADAS/Motion • Signal-based communication • Gateway function • High bandwidth requirement • 100Mbps • 1000Mbps • More Ethernet links • Switch introduced • Store and forward • High feature handling • Reliability requirement • Real-time • Worst case latency • Security • Isolation/Filter • Safety • Redundant link • Shared private bus Simple cabling • • up to 15m Single unshielded twisted pair 4 Domain 1Domain 2ETHDomain 3Domain 4ETHETHETHETHETHOBD

EE Architecture - Tomorrow • Zone based architecture • Zone controller • Front/Rear… zone • Zone decision maker • … • Centralized computation unit • Powerful computing capability • Service oriented communication • Mixed traffic types on backbone • High bandwidth requirement • 100/1000Mbps • NGbps • Reliability requirement • Real-time Ideal architecture • Guaranteed/Deterministic end-to-end latency • Security • Safety • Redundant network like spider web • Network management requirement Central Computation Unit • ADAS/Infotainment domain may still remain Telematics • Multiple distributed switches • • Data logger • … 5 Central ComputationADASInfoSwitchNGbps per linkZone 4Zone 5Zone 6Zone 1Central ComputationZone 2Zone 3OBDETHETH

Ethernet toolbox • Ethernet protocol stack • Application protocol • DoIP: Diagnostics and Programming • SOME/IP, MQTT: Service communication • SD: Service Discovery • UdpNM: Network management • Sleep/wakeup – TC10 ICMP: Error detection • DHCP: IP address configure • • ARP: Address resolution • gPTP: Time Synchronization • AVTP: Audio/video transport • QoS protocol • AVB/TSN • Bandwidth • How to design my automotive Ethernet network • What’s the appropriate technologies for my Ethernet network? • Use cases/Applications decide network requirement. • Bandwidth, real-time, reliability… • PHYs: 10/100/1000/+ Mbps • Interfaces: xMII/xGMII/xXGMII… • Choose what you need for your network, then decide • Security protocol (D)TLS IPsec • • • MACsec, VLAN • • • • Chips • • • PHY chips Switch chips MCU chips Communication Stack Database Toolchain, etc. 6 IEEE 802.3(100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T1, 1000BASE-T1 …)IEEE 802.1Q(AVB/TSN:Qav/Qat/Qbv/Qbu/Qci/CB …), 802.3IPv4 / IPv6TCP, UDPARPDoIPSOME/IPSDUdpNMDHCPMQTT...ICMPgPTPAVTP

Approaches-AVB/TSN • Traditional Ethernet is for best-effort delivery, works well for low-busload case(e.g. <40%). But conflict increases due to increasing busload and simultaneously arrived messages, resulting in high latency/jitter and even loss of messages. QoS mechanism is needed to guarantee reliable delivery. • AVB/TSN • Synchronization • 802.1AS(-rev) • Latency • Preemption • 802.1Qbu & 802.3br • Shapers • • • • • Reliability 802.1Qav: CBS 802.1Qbv: TAS 802.1Qch: Cyclic queuing 802.1Qcr: ATS • 802.1AS-rev: Redundant sync. • 802.1CB: Seamless redundancy • 802.1Qci: Violation of streams • Resource management • 802.1Qat: SRP • 802.1Qcc: SRP enhancement • 802.1Qcp: YANG Model • … Source: Introduction to IEEE 802.1 (Focus on the TSN TG), 2018/03/05 7

Some gaps/challenges of in-vehicle Ethernet • Even Ethernet is widely used in consumer industry, it cannot be used in automotive directly, due to • Harsher environment (EMC, temperature…) • Higher reliability requirement (Hardware Qualification, Software Validation…) • Shorter Startup time and Latency requirement • Safety … • In-vehicle Ethernet network challenges, e.g. • Bandwidth • Higher bandwidth requirement from sensor • • Beyond current Ethernet capability If compressed data • Compression efficiency • • Code/Decode latency • Maybe other high-speed bus Pixel loss tolerance • GMSL, FPD-link… • Cost • • Maybe IEEE 10BASE-T1S? Legacy bus is much cheaper • Function safety • End-to-end protection • Ethernet network management • Sleep/wakeup of different-speed PHYs Camera information Image Resolution (pixel) Horizon (pixel) Vertical (pixel) Pixel per frame Frame Rates (fps) Image bit width Raw Data Stream Bandwidth (Mbps) 100MP 130MP 200MP 800MP-Full Aperture 4k 800MP-Academy 4k Digital Cinema 4k Digital Cinema Aperture 4k 1280 1280 1920 4096 3656 4096 3996 720 960 1080 3112 2664 1714 2160 921,600 1,228,800 2,073,600 12,746,752 9,739,584 7,020,544 8,631,360 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 632.81 843.75 1,423.83 8,752.50 6,687.64 4,820.63 5,926.68 With Ethernet, the number of IVN bus technologies will be reduced. But several kinds of IVN bus technologies will still co-exist in in-vehicle network for a certain time. 8

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