MIPS完整指令集.pdf

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MIPS® Architecture For Programmers Volume II-A: The MIPS32® Instruction Set

Contents

Figures

Tables

About This Book

1.1 Typographical Conventions

1.1.1 Italic Text

1.1.2 Bold Text

1.1.3 Courier Text

1.2 UNPREDICTABLE and UNDEFINED

1.2.1 UNPREDICTABLE

1.2.2 UNDEFINED

1.2.3 UNSTABLE

1.3 Special Symbols in Pseudocode Notation

1.4 For More Information

Guide to the Instruction Set

2.1 Understanding the Instruction Fields

2.1.1 Instruction Fields

2.1.2 Instruction Descriptive Name and Mnemonic

2.1.3 Format Field

2.1.4 Purpose Field

2.1.5 Description Field

2.1.6 Restrictions Field

2.1.7 Operation Field

2.1.8 Exceptions Field

2.1.9 Programming Notes and Implementation Notes Fields

2.2 Operation Section Notation and Functions

2.2.1 Instruction Execution Ordering

2.2.2 Pseudocode Functions

2.2.2.1 Coprocessor General Register Access Functions

2.2.2.2 Memory Operation Functions

2.2.2.3 Floating Point Functions

2.2.2.4 Miscellaneous Functions

2.3 Op and Function Subfield Notation

2.4 FPU Instructions

The MIPS32® Instruction Set

3.1 Compliance and Subsetting

3.2 Alphabetical List of Instructions

ABS.fmt

ADD

ADD.fmt

ADDI

ADDIU

ADDU

ALNV.PS

AND

ANDI

BAL

BC1F

BC1FL

BC1T

BC1TL

BC2F

BC2FL

BC2T

BC2TL

BEQ

BEQL

BGEZ

BGEZAL

BGEZALL

BGEZL

BGTZ

BGTZL

BLEZ

BLEZL

BLTZ

BLTZAL

BLTZALL

BLTZL

BNE

BNEL

BREAK

C.cond.fmt

CACHE

CACHEE

CEIL.L.fmt

CEIL.W.fmt

CFC1

CFC2

CLO

CLZ

COP2

CTC1

CTC2

CVT.D.fmt

CVT.L.fmt

CVT.PS.S

CVT.S.fmt

CVT.S.PL

CVT.S.PU

CVT.W.fmt

DERET

DIV

DIV.fmt

DIVU

EHB

ERET

EXT

FLOOR.L.fmt

FLOOR.W.fmt

INS

JAL

JALR

JALR.HB

JALX

JR.HB

LBE

LBU

LBUE

LDC1

LDC2

LDXC1

LHE

LHU

LHUE

LLE

LUI

LUXC1

LWC1

LWC2

LWE

LWL

LWLE

LWR

LWRE

LWXC1

MADD

MADD.fmt

MADDU

MFC0

MFC1

MFC2

MFHC1

MFHC2

MFHI

MFLO

MOV.fmt

MOVF

MOVF.fmt

MOVN

MOVN.fmt

MOVT

MOVT.fmt

MOVZ

MOVZ.fmt

MSUB

MSUB.fmt

MSUBU

MTC0

MTC1

MTC2

MTHC1

MTHC2

MTHI

MTLO

MUL

MUL.fmt

MULT

MULTU

NEG.fmt

NMADD.fmt

NMSUB.fmt

NOP

NOR

ORI

PAUSE

PLL.PS

PLU.PS

PREF

PREFE

PREFX

PUL.PS

PUU.PS

RDHWR

RDPGPR

RECIP.fmt

ROTR

ROTRV

ROUND.L.fmt

ROUND.W.fmt

RSQRT.fmt

SBE

SCE

SDBBP

SDC1

SDC2

SDXC1

SEB

SEH

SHE

SLL

SLLV

SLT

SLTI

SLTIU

SLTU

SQRT.fmt

SRA

SRAV

SRL

SRLV

SSNOP

SUB

SUB.fmt

SUBU

SUXC1

SWC1

SWC2

SWE

SWL

SWLE

SWR

SWRE

SWXC1

SYNC

SYNCI

SYSCALL

TEQ

TEQI

TGE

TGEI

TGEIU

TGEU

TLBINV

TLBINVF

TLBP

TLBR

TLBWI

TLBWR

TLT

TLTI

TLTIU

TLTU

TNE

TNEI

TRUNC.L.fmt

TRUNC.W.fmt

WAIT

WRPGPR

WSBH

XOR

XORI

Instruction Bit Encodings

A.1 Instruction Encodings and Instruction Classes

A.2 Instruction Bit Encoding Tables

A.3 Floating Point Unit Instruction Format Encodings

Misaligned Memory Accesses

B.1 Terminology

B.2 Hardware versus software support for misaligned memory accesses

B.3 Detecting misaligned support

B.4 Misaligned semantics

B.4.1 Misaligned Fundamental Rules: Single Thread Atomic, but not Multi-thread

B.4.2 Permissions and misaligned memory accesses

B.4.3 Misaligned Memory Accesses Past the End of Memory

B.4.4 TLBs and Misaligned Memory Accesses

B.4.5 Memory Types and Misaligned Memory Accesses

B.4.6 Misaligneds, Memory Ordering, and Coherence

B.4.6.1 Misaligneds are Single Thread Atomic

B.4.6.2 Misaligneds are not Multithread/Multiprocessor Atomic

B.4.6.3 Misaligneds and Multiprocessor Memory Ordering

B.5 Pseudocode

B.5.1 Pseudocode distinguishing Actually Aligned from Actually Misaligned

B.5.2 Actually Aligned

B.5.3 Byte Swapping

B.5.4 Pseudocode Expressing Most General Misaligned Semantics

B.5.5 Example Pseudocode for Possible Implementations

B.5.5.1 Example Byte-by-byte Pseudocode

B.5.5.2 Example Pseudocode Handling Splits and non-Splits Separately

B.6 Misalignment and MSA vector memory accesses

B.6.1 Semantics

B.6.2 Pseudocode for MSA memory operations with misalignment

Revision History

MIPS® Architecture For Programmers Volume II-A: The MIPS32® Instruction Set Document Number: MD00086 Revision 5.03 Sept. 9, 2013 MIPS Technologies, Inc. 955 East Arques Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94085-4521 Copyright © 2001-2003,2005,2008-2013 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved. MIPS Verified™

Unpublished rights (if any) reserved under the copyright laws of the United States of America and other countries. This document contains information that is proprietary to MIPS Technologies, Inc. ("MIPS Technologies") one of the Imagination Technologies Group plc companies. Any copying, reproducing, modifying or use of this information (in whole or in part) that is not expressly permitted in writing by MIPS Technologies or an authorized third party is strictly prohibited. At a minimum, this information is protected under unfair competition and copyright laws. Violations thereof may result in criminal penalties and ﬁnes. Any document provided in source format (i.e., in a modiﬁable form such as in FrameMaker or Microsoft Word format) is subject to use and distribution restrictions that are independent of and supplemental to any and all conﬁdentiality restrictions. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY A DOCUMENT PROVIDED IN SOURCE FORMAT BE DISTRIBUTED TO A THIRD PARTY IN SOURCE FORMAT WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION OF MIPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. MIPS Technologies reserves the right to change the information contained in this document to improve function, design or otherwise. MIPS Technologies does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this information, or of any error or omission in such information. Any warranties, whether express, statutory, implied or otherwise, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability or ﬁtness for a particular purpose, are excluded. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from MIPS Technologies or an authorized third party, the furnishing of this document does not give recipient any license to any intellectual property rights, including any patent rights, that cover the information in this document. The information contained in this document shall not be exported, re-exported, transferred, or released, directly or indirectly, in violation of the law of any country or international law, regulation, treaty, Executive Order, statute, amendments or supplements thereto. Should a conﬂict arise regarding the export, re- export, transfer, or release of the information contained in this document, the laws of the United States of America shall be the governing law. The information contained in this document constitutes one or more of the following: commercial computer software, commercial computer software documentation, or other commercial items. If the user of this information, or any related documentation of any kind, including related technical data or manuals, is an agency, department, or other entity of the United States government ("Government"), the use, duplication, reproduction, release, modiﬁcation, disclosure, or transfer of this information, or any related documentation of any kind, is restricted in accordance with Federal Acquisition Regulation 12.212 for civilian agencies and Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement 227.7202 for military agencies. The use of this information by the Government is further restricted in accordance with the terms of the license agreement(s) and/or applicable contract terms and conditions covering this information from MIPS Technologies or an authorized third party. MIPS, MIPS I, MIPS II, MIPS III, MIPS IV, MIPS V, MIPSr3, MIPS32, MIPS64, microMIPS32, microMIPS64, MIPS-3D, MIPS16, MIPS16e, MIPS-Based, MIPSsim, MIPSpro, MIPS-VERIFIED, Aptiv logo, microAptiv logo, interAptiv logo, microMIPS logo, MIPS Technologies logo, MIPS-VERIFIED logo, proAptiv logo, 4K, 4Kc, 4Km, 4Kp, 4KE, 4KEc, 4KEm, 4KEp, 4KS, 4KSc, 4KSd, M4K, M14K, 5K, 5Kc, 5Kf, 24K, 24Kc, 24Kf, 24KE, 24KEc, 24KEf, 34K, 34Kc, 34Kf, 74K, 74Kc, 74Kf, 1004K, 1004Kc, 1004Kf, 1074K, 1074Kc, 1074Kf, R3000, R4000, R5000, Aptiv, ASMACRO, Atlas, "At the core of the user experience.", BusBridge, Bus Navigator, CLAM, CorExtend, CoreFPGA, CoreLV, EC, FPGA View, FS2, FS2 FIRST SILICON SOLUTIONS logo, FS2 NAVIGATOR, HyperDebug, HyperJTAG, IASim, iFlowtrace, interAptiv, JALGO, Logic Navigator, Malta, MDMX, MED, MGB, microAptiv, microMIPS, Navigator, OCI, PDtrace, the Pipeline, proAptiv, Pro Series, SEAD-3, SmartMIPS, SOC-it, and YAMON are trademarks or registered trademarks of MIPS Technologies, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks referred to herein are the property of their respective owners. Template: nB1.03, Built with tags: 2B ARCH FPU_PS FPU_PSandARCH MIPS32 MIPS® Architecture For Programmers Volume II-A: The MIPS32® Instruction Set, Revision 5.03 Copyright © 2001-2003,2005,2008-2013 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

Contents Chapter 1: About This Book ................................................................................................................ 14 1.1: Typographical Conventions ....................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.1: Italic Text.......................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.2: Bold Text .......................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.3: Courier Text ..................................................................................................................................... 15 1.2: UNPREDICTABLE and UNDEFINED ....................................................................................................... 15 1.2.1: UNPREDICTABLE ........................................................................................................................... 15 1.2.2: UNDEFINED .................................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.3: UNSTABLE ...................................................................................................................................... 16 1.3: Special Symbols in Pseudocode Notation................................................................................................. 16 1.4: For More Information ................................................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 2: Guide to the Instruction Set.............................................................................................. 20 2.1: Understanding the Instruction Fields ......................................................................................................... 20 2.1.1: Instruction Fields .............................................................................................................................. 21 2.1.2: Instruction Descriptive Name and Mnemonic................................................................................... 22 2.1.3: Format Field ..................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.4: Purpose Field ................................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.5: Description Field .............................................................................................................................. 23 2.1.6: Restrictions Field.............................................................................................................................. 23 2.1.7: Operation Field................................................................................................................................. 24 2.1.8: Exceptions Field............................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.9: Programming Notes and Implementation Notes Fields.................................................................... 25 2.2: Operation Section Notation and Functions................................................................................................ 25 2.2.1: Instruction Execution Ordering......................................................................................................... 25 2.2.2: Pseudocode Functions..................................................................................................................... 25 2.3: Op and Function Subfield Notation............................................................................................................ 34 2.4: FPU Instructions ........................................................................................................................................ 34 Chapter 3: The MIPS32® Instruction Set ............................................................................................ 36 3.1: Compliance and Subsetting....................................................................................................................... 36 3.2: Alphabetical List of Instructions ................................................................................................................. 37 ABS.fmt ............................................................................................................................................................ 46 ADD .................................................................................................................................................................. 47 ADD.fmt ............................................................................................................................................................ 48 ADDI ................................................................................................................................................................. 49 ADDIU .............................................................................................................................................................. 50 ADDU ............................................................................................................................................................... 51 ALNV.PS .......................................................................................................................................................... 52 AND .................................................................................................................................................................. 54 ANDI ................................................................................................................................................................. 55 B ....................................................................................................................................................................... 56 BAL................................................................................................................................................................... 57 BC1F ................................................................................................................................................................ 58 BC1FL .............................................................................................................................................................. 60 BC1T ................................................................................................................................................................ 62 BC1TL .............................................................................................................................................................. 64 MIPS® Architecture For Programmers Volume II-A: The MIPS32® Instruction Set, Revision 5.03 4 Copyright © 2001-2003,2005,2008-2013 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

BC2F ................................................................................................................................................................ 66 BC2FL .............................................................................................................................................................. 67 BC2T ................................................................................................................................................................ 68 BC2TL .............................................................................................................................................................. 69 BEQ .................................................................................................................................................................. 70 BEQL ................................................................................................................................................................ 71 BGEZ................................................................................................................................................................ 72 BGEZAL ........................................................................................................................................................... 73 BGEZALL ......................................................................................................................................................... 74 BGEZL.............................................................................................................................................................. 76 BGTZ ................................................................................................................................................................ 77 BGTZL .............................................................................................................................................................. 78 BLEZ................................................................................................................................................................. 79 BLEZL............................................................................................................................................................... 80 BLTZ................................................................................................................................................................. 81 BLTZAL ............................................................................................................................................................ 82 BLTZALL .......................................................................................................................................................... 83 BLTZL............................................................................................................................................................... 85 BNE .................................................................................................................................................................. 86 BNEL ................................................................................................................................................................ 87 BREAK ............................................................................................................................................................. 88 C.cond.fmt ........................................................................................................................................................ 89 CACHE ............................................................................................................................................................. 94 CACHEE......................................................................................................................................................... 100 CEIL.L.fmt....................................................................................................................................................... 107 CEIL.W.fmt ..................................................................................................................................................... 108 CFC1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 109 CFC2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 111 CLO ................................................................................................................................................................ 112 CLZ................................................................................................................................................................. 113 COP2.............................................................................................................................................................. 114 CTC1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 115 CTC2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 117 CVT.D.fmt....................................................................................................................................................... 118 CVT.L.fmt ....................................................................................................................................................... 119 CVT.PS.S ....................................................................................................................................................... 120 CVT.S.fmt ....................................................................................................................................................... 121 CVT.S.PL........................................................................................................................................................ 122 CVT.S.PU ....................................................................................................................................................... 123 CVT.W.fmt ...................................................................................................................................................... 124 DERET ........................................................................................................................................................... 125 DI .................................................................................................................................................................... 126 DIV.................................................................................................................................................................. 127 DIV.fmt............................................................................................................................................................ 129 DIVU ............................................................................................................................................................... 130 EHB ................................................................................................................................................................ 131 EI .................................................................................................................................................................... 132 ERET .............................................................................................................................................................. 133 EXT................................................................................................................................................................. 134 FLOOR.L.fmt .................................................................................................................................................. 136 FLOOR.W.fmt................................................................................................................................................. 137 INS.................................................................................................................................................................. 138 J...................................................................................................................................................................... 140 5 MIPS® Architecture For Programmers Volume II-A: The MIPS32® Instruction Set, Revision 5.03 Copyright © 2001-2003,2005,2008-2013 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

JAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 141 JALR............................................................................................................................................................... 142 JALR.HB......................................................................................................................................................... 144 JALX ............................................................................................................................................................... 148 JR ................................................................................................................................................................... 149 JR.HB ............................................................................................................................................................. 151 LB ................................................................................................................................................................... 153 LBE................................................................................................................................................................. 154 LBU................................................................................................................................................................. 155 LBUE .............................................................................................................................................................. 156 LDC1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 157 LDC2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 158 LDXC1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 159 LH ................................................................................................................................................................... 160 LHE................................................................................................................................................................. 162 LHU ................................................................................................................................................................ 163 LHUE .............................................................................................................................................................. 164 LL.................................................................................................................................................................... 165 LLE ................................................................................................................................................................. 166 LUI .................................................................................................................................................................. 168 LUXC1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 169 LW .................................................................................................................................................................. 170 LWC1.............................................................................................................................................................. 171 LWC2.............................................................................................................................................................. 172 LWE................................................................................................................................................................ 174 LWL ................................................................................................................................................................ 175 LWLE.............................................................................................................................................................. 178 LWR................................................................................................................................................................ 180 LWRE ............................................................................................................................................................. 182 LWXC1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 184 MADD ............................................................................................................................................................. 185 MADD.fmt ....................................................................................................................................................... 186 MADDU .......................................................................................................................................................... 187 MFC0.............................................................................................................................................................. 188 MFC1.............................................................................................................................................................. 189 MFC2.............................................................................................................................................................. 190 MFHC1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 191 MFHC2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 192 MFHI............................................................................................................................................................... 193 MFLO.............................................................................................................................................................. 194 MOV.fmt ......................................................................................................................................................... 195 MOVF ............................................................................................................................................................. 196 MOVF.fmt ....................................................................................................................................................... 197 MOVN............................................................................................................................................................. 198 MOVN.fmt....................................................................................................................................................... 199 MOVT ............................................................................................................................................................. 200 MOVT.fmt ....................................................................................................................................................... 201 MOVZ ............................................................................................................................................................. 202 MOVZ.fmt ....................................................................................................................................................... 203 MSUB ............................................................................................................................................................. 204 MSUB.fmt ....................................................................................................................................................... 205 MSUBU........................................................................................................................................................... 206 MTC0.............................................................................................................................................................. 207 MIPS® Architecture For Programmers Volume II-A: The MIPS32® Instruction Set, Revision 5.03 6 Copyright © 2001-2003,2005,2008-2013 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

MTC1.............................................................................................................................................................. 208 MTC2.............................................................................................................................................................. 209 MTHC1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 210 MTHC2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 211 MTHI............................................................................................................................................................... 212 MTLO.............................................................................................................................................................. 213 MUL ................................................................................................................................................................ 214 MUL.fmt .......................................................................................................................................................... 215 MULT.............................................................................................................................................................. 216 MULTU ........................................................................................................................................................... 217 NEG.fmt.......................................................................................................................................................... 218 NMADD.fmt .................................................................................................................................................... 219 NMSUB.fmt..................................................................................................................................................... 220 NOP................................................................................................................................................................ 222 NOR................................................................................................................................................................ 223 OR .................................................................................................................................................................. 224 ORI ................................................................................................................................................................. 225 PAUSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 226 PLL.PS ........................................................................................................................................................... 228 PLU.PS........................................................................................................................................................... 229 PREF .............................................................................................................................................................. 230 PREFE............................................................................................................................................................ 234 PREFX............................................................................................................................................................ 237 PUL.PS........................................................................................................................................................... 238 PUU.PS .......................................................................................................................................................... 239 RDHWR.......................................................................................................................................................... 240 RDPGPR ........................................................................................................................................................ 242 RECIP.fmt....................................................................................................................................................... 243 ROTR ............................................................................................................................................................. 244 ROTRV ........................................................................................................................................................... 245 ROUND.L.fmt ................................................................................................................................................. 246 ROUND.W.fmt ................................................................................................................................................ 247 RSQRT.fmt ..................................................................................................................................................... 248 SB................................................................................................................................................................... 249 SBE ................................................................................................................................................................ 250 SC................................................................................................................................................................... 251 SCE ................................................................................................................................................................ 254 SDBBP ........................................................................................................................................................... 257 SDC1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 258 SDC2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 259 SDXC1............................................................................................................................................................ 260 SEB ................................................................................................................................................................ 261 SEH ................................................................................................................................................................ 262 SH................................................................................................................................................................... 263 SHE ................................................................................................................................................................ 264 SLL ................................................................................................................................................................. 265 SLLV............................................................................................................................................................... 266 SLT ................................................................................................................................................................. 267 SLTI ................................................................................................................................................................ 268 SLTIU ............................................................................................................................................................. 269 SLTU .............................................................................................................................................................. 270 SQRT.fmt........................................................................................................................................................ 271 SRA ................................................................................................................................................................ 272 7 MIPS® Architecture For Programmers Volume II-A: The MIPS32® Instruction Set, Revision 5.03 Copyright © 2001-2003,2005,2008-2013 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

SRAV.............................................................................................................................................................. 273 SRL................................................................................................................................................................. 274 SRLV .............................................................................................................................................................. 275 SSNOP ........................................................................................................................................................... 276 SUB ................................................................................................................................................................ 277 SUB.fmt .......................................................................................................................................................... 278 SUBU.............................................................................................................................................................. 279 SUXC1............................................................................................................................................................ 280 SW.................................................................................................................................................................. 281 SWC1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 282 SWC2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 283 SWE ............................................................................................................................................................... 284 SWL................................................................................................................................................................ 285 SWLE ............................................................................................................................................................. 288 SWR ............................................................................................................................................................... 290 SWRE............................................................................................................................................................. 292 SWXC1........................................................................................................................................................... 294 SYNC.............................................................................................................................................................. 295 SYNCI............................................................................................................................................................. 300 SYSCALL ....................................................................................................................................................... 302 TEQ ................................................................................................................................................................ 303 TEQI ............................................................................................................................................................... 304 TGE ................................................................................................................................................................ 305 TGEI ............................................................................................................................................................... 306 TGEIU............................................................................................................................................................. 307 TGEU.............................................................................................................................................................. 308 TLBINV ........................................................................................................................................................... 310 TLBINVF......................................................................................................................................................... 312 TLBP............................................................................................................................................................... 314 TLBR .............................................................................................................................................................. 315 TLBWI............................................................................................................................................................. 317 TLBWR ........................................................................................................................................................... 319 TLT ................................................................................................................................................................. 321 TLTI ................................................................................................................................................................ 322 TLTIU.............................................................................................................................................................. 323 TLTU............................................................................................................................................................... 324 TNE ................................................................................................................................................................ 325 TNEI ............................................................................................................................................................... 326 TRUNC.L.fmt .................................................................................................................................................. 327 TRUNC.W.fmt................................................................................................................................................. 328 WAIT............................................................................................................................................................... 329 WRPGPR ....................................................................................................................................................... 330 WSBH............................................................................................................................................................. 331 XOR................................................................................................................................................................ 332 XORI............................................................................................................................................................... 333 Appendix A: Instruction Bit Encodings............................................................................................ 334 A.1: Instruction Encodings and Instruction Classes ....................................................................................... 334 A.2: Instruction Bit Encoding Tables............................................................................................................... 334 A.3: Floating Point Unit Instruction Format Encodings ................................................................................... 342 Appendix B: Misaligned Memory Accesses..................................................................................... 345 B.1: Terminology ............................................................................................................................................ 345 MIPS® Architecture For Programmers Volume II-A: The MIPS32® Instruction Set, Revision 5.03 8 Copyright © 2001-2003,2005,2008-2013 MIPS Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.

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