三人表决器.doc

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第1章引言

1.1 设计背景

1.2 设计意义

1.3 设计目的

第2章设计任务与方案分析

2.1 设计任务

2.2 方案分析

2.2.1 主控制设计方案及论证

2.2.2 显示设计方案及论证

2.2.3 键盘设计方案及论证

第3章系统硬件设计

3.1 硬件结构

3.2 系统的硬件电路的设计

3.2.1 主控制模块的设计

3.2.2 键盘控制模块的设计

3.2.2.1 键盘的扫描方式

3.2.2.2 键盘的电路

3.2.3 数码管显示模块的设计

3.2.4 复位电路的设计

3.2.5 时钟电路

第4章系统软件设计

4.1 用C语言开发单片机的优势

4.2 系统程序设计流程图

4.3 软件的编译

第5章系统的调试

5.1 Proteus仿真

5.2 硬件电路的制作与调试

5.3 软件调试

5.4 软硬件的联合调试

结论

致谢

参考文献

附录

9.1 系统总体图

9.1.1 电路原理图：

9.1.2 PCB图：

9.1.3 实物图：

9.2 源程序代码

摘要摘要 21 世纪时数字化的时代，随着数字电路和信息处理技术的飞速发展，数字信号处理技术逐渐发展成为一门主流技术，它在电子信息、通信、软件无线电、自动控制、仪表技术、信息家电等高科技领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。本设计以直流电压源为核心，STC89C51RC 增强型单片机为主控制器，单片机系统是表决器的核心。它通过软件的运行来控制整个系统的工作，从而完成设定的功能。通过三个人按键来进行表决，三个人按键之中任意两个人同意系统便认为表决通过，在接收端，可由数码管 LED 显示实际表决结果，当三个表决人中任意两个按下同意按键时，系统在数码管上显示 Pass，反之显示 Down.实际测试结果表明实际测试结果表明，本系统实际应用于投票领域。关键词：表决电路；单片机；STC89C51RC I

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT 21 century is the era of digitalization. With the rapid development information processing technology, digital signal processing technology of has developed as a kind of main technology gradually. It has been widely applied in the high-tech fields such as electronic information, communication, software radio, automatic control, and instrument technology and information electrical household appliances. In this design, the DC voltage source as the core, STC89C51RC enhanced microcontroller-based controller, microcontroller system is the core of the voting, it through the operation of the software to control the instrument, thus completing the set function. Carried out through three key votes, three people press to any two of us agree that the system is often considered a vote, at the receiving end, digital LED display the actual voting results when three votes among any two agree button is pressed, system in digital tube display Pass, on the contrary show Down. Actual test results show that this system is actually used in the voting field, this system applied to voting area. Keywords: Electronic voting; microcontroller; STC89C51RC II

目录目录第 1 章引言 ······················································································1 1.1 设计背景 ······················································································ 1 1.2 设计意义 ······················································································ 1 1.3 设计目的 ······················································································ 2 第 2 章设计任务与方案分析 ································································ 3 2.1 设计任务 ······················································································ 3 2.2 方案分析 ······················································································ 3 2.2.1 主控制设计方案及论证 ··································································3 2.2.2 显示设计方案及论证 ·····································································4 2.2.3 键盘设计方案及论证 ·····································································4 第 3 章系统硬件设计 ········································································· 5 3.1 硬件结构 ······················································································ 5 3.2 系统的硬件电路的设计 ····································································5 3.2.1 主控制模块的设计 ········································································5 3.2.2 键盘控制模块的设计 ·····································································7 3.2.3 数码管显示模块的设计 ··································································9 3.2.4 复位电路的设计 ········································································· 10 3.2.5 时钟电路 ·················································································· 12 第 4 章系统软件设计 ········································································ 14 4.1 用 C 语言开发单片机的优势 ····························································14 4.2 系统程序设计流程图 ····································································· 14 4.3 软件的编译 ················································································· 15 第 5 章系统的调试 ··········································································· 18 5.1 Proteus 仿真 ·················································································18 5.2 硬件电路的制作与调试 ·································································· 19 5.3 软件调试 ·····················································································20 5.4 软硬件的联合调试 ········································································ 20 结论 ································································································· 22 III

目录致谢 ································································································· 23 参考文献 ··························································································· 24 附录 ································································································· 25 9.1 系统总体图 ················································································· 25 9.1.1 电路原理图： ············································································ 25 9.1.2 PCB 图： ··················································································26 9.1.3 实物图： ·················································································· 26 9.2 源程序代码 ················································································· 28 IV

第 1 章引言第 1 章引言 1.1 设计背景 21 世纪时数字化的时代，现代电子科技技术的飞速发展，使其已经渗入到社会的各个领域。单片微型计算机室大规模集成电路技术发展的产物，属于第四代电子计算机它具有高性能、高速度、体积小、价格低廉、稳定可靠、应用广泛的特点。他的应用必定导致传统的控制技术从根本上发生变革。因此，单片机的开发应用已成为高科技和工程领域的一项重大课题。而在竞职面试、竞聘演说、电视节目选拔、同台比赛、论文答辩、学校或公司招考的一些口试面试中……等等情况，为了能够体现公平、公正、公开的原则，得分情况如何或是否通过考核，常常需要现场即时给出结果。在上述场合中，大型的会议表决所用的表决器显然是不适用的，为此我拟设计一个适用于评委人数在三人的小型功能评分表决电路。 1.2 设计意义单片机具有强大的控制功能和灵活的编程实现特性，它已经溶入现代人们的生活中，成为不可替代的一部分。而表决器是现代科技发展下的新型产物，它有很多种，如三人表决器、五人表决器、七人表决器等。本文的主要内容是用 STC89C51RC 单片机为核心控制元件，设计一个三人表决器，以单片机作为主控核心，利用模块上的 8 个按键来表决，8 个按键分别是 6 个表决键（同意与不同意）、显示键和复位键。三人表决器是一种代表投票或举手表决的表决装置，表决时，表决人员通过各自模块上的按钮按下“同意”或“不同意”按键，荧光屏上即可显示出表决结果。然后有关人员按下显示按键即可显示出最终表决结果，最后按下复位键又可再次表决。在三人表决器中三个人分别按下按键，如果对某项决议表示赞成则按下“同意”按键（高电平）如果反对则按下“不同意”按键（低电平）。表决结果用 LED 显示（高电平），如果决议通过那么最终实验板上显示屏幕上显示 1，如果不通过则显示器上显示 0。如果对某个决议有任意二到三个人同意，那么此决议通过，显示 1；如果对某个决议只有一个人或没有人同意，那么此决议不通过，则显示 0。 1

电子科技大学成都学院课程设计 1.3 设计目的（1）记住逻辑代数的基本定律和常用公式；（2）会用公式法和卡诺图法花间逻辑函数；（3）会识别、选用常用电器元、器件，掌握常用电路元器件的检测方法；（4）掌握逻辑门电路逻辑功能与主要参数的检测和使用方法；（5）能合理利用门电路设计表决器；（6）能熟练掌握电路原理，及时调试和排除故障。 2

第 2 章设计任务与方案分析第 2 章设计任务与方案分析 2.1 设计任务（1）熟悉各集成逻辑元件的性能和设置元件的参数；（2）对电路图的原理进行分析，并对原理图进行改良，用仿真软件进行仿真调试，弄清楚电路的工作原理；（3）元件安装符合工艺要求，既考虑其性能又美观整齐，焊接元件要注意焊点的圆润；（4）对元件的性能进行评估和替换，用性能和实用范围更好的元件，使自己实际的元件更接近实际使用；（5）学习数字逻辑电路的设计方法；（6）熟知各单片机芯片的各个引脚的功能及内部结构；（7）学会使用各集成芯片组成逻辑电路；（8）学会真值表与逻辑表达式之间的转换，能根据化简后的逻辑表达式画出逻辑电路；（9）完成“三人表决器”的逻辑设计及组合电路的；（10）完成“三人表决器”的安装与调试，及设计报告。 2.2 方案分析 2.2.1 主控制设计方案及论证方案 1：采用各类数字电路来组成键盘控制系统，进行信号处理，如选用 CPLD 等可编程逻辑器件。本方案电路复杂，灵活性不高，效率低，不利于系统的扩展，对信号处理比较困难。方案 2：采用 STC89C51RC 单片机作为这个系统的控制单元，可方便利用单 3

电子科技大学成都学院课程设计片机内部的定时器等各种资源，方便程序的编写和操作。比较以上两种方案的优缺点，方案 1 采用中、小规模器件实现系统的数控部分，使用的芯片很多，造成控制电路内部接口信号繁琐，中间相互关联多，抗干扰能力差。在方案 2 中采用单片机完成整个数控部分的功能，也便于系统功能的扩展。所以综合考虑，我们选用方案 2。 2.2.2 显示设计方案及论证方案 1：采用液晶显示，如比较经济的 LCD1602。方案 2：采用 LED 数码管显示。方案 1 液晶显示器有微功耗、体积小、显示内容丰富、模块化、接口电路简单等诸多优点，但在本设计中，对系统功耗、体积都没有什么要求，特别是在显示内容上，主要是显示电流的数值，对显示内容的丰富性也没有什么要求。方案 2 中 LED 数码管显示器具有显示清晰、亮度高、使用电压低、寿命长的特点，因此使用非常广泛。在本设计中，只需要显示电流的数值，使用多位 LED 七段数码管已足够满足系统要求。所以综合考虑选择方案 2。 2.2.3 键盘设计方案及论证方案 1：采用行列式键盘。方案 2：采用独立式键盘。方案 1 是在按键较多时，才将键盘设计成行列矩阵式。而在本设计中，我们只是三个人表决，每个人两个表决按键和主持人的复位、显示两个按键。而且在软件上需要完成行列式键盘的扫描，编程相对较复杂。方案 2 中的独立式键盘是指各按键相互独立地接到单片机的 I/O 引脚，每一个按键需要占用单片机的一个 I/O 引脚，这是最简单的键盘结构。当有任何一个键按下时，与之相连的输入数据线即被置为逻辑“0”（低电平），而平时该数据线上保持为逻辑“1”（高电平），单片机程序中只要通过查询与键盘相连的 I/O 引脚位即可方便地实现按键处理。对于本系统的设计，由于要求有置入输出电流给定值的功能，为了操作快捷方便，达到快速置入输出电流给定值的效果。所以综合考虑，我们选择方案 2。 4

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