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广东财经大学2021年英语水平考试考研真题.doc
广东财经大学 2021 年英语水平考试考研真题
考试年度：2021 年
适用专业：050201 英语语言文学
考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
一、 Gap Filling 选词填空（从列表的单词中选择合适的词完成段落/非 Cloze 选择填
空）（30 题，每题 1 分，共 30 分）
WORD LIST
truly
respectable
flocking
cautious
another
numbers
contrast
generous
enthusiastic
distinguished
era
worth
match
copies
faring
discouraging
claim
vary
invoked
perform
translation
resistant
single
rest
imperialism
told
reap
that
gentler
hunger
2
1
The world is
getting smaller. Americans are embracing, indeed driving,
of global trade and recreational travel, jet-setting from one
a new
; we are communicating across borders by e-mail,
international time zone to
to see foreign films. It stands to
surfing the Web for foreign news and
reason that American publishing must also be primed to
the cultural bounty
of a vast world literature, quickly and competently translated into the English
language. Right? Well, not exactly.
4
5
3
7
Truth be
6
the figures for translations from foreign languages into English
. Of all the books translated worldwide, only 6% ---- and that is
are
8
estimate ---- are translated from foreign languages into
considered to be a
, almost 50% are translated from English into other languages.
English. By
In a typical week, at least half of the top-10 bestsellers on Amazon.com in France
and Germany are books in
11
foreign name on an extended list of 24 top sellers. And that’s par for the past
decade.
; on the U.S site, a recent scan showed not a
10
9
12
Some midlist titles show
sales, but more often than not it takes
up into the solid
13
validation on the level of a Nobel Prize to ratchet
five-figure range. It is possible to argue that translations
on more or less
the same level as similar English titles. Knopf senior editor George Anderou points
out that KwasiBoachiis “a first, quite literary novel, so if one could be assured
of selling 7,000 copies of such a book, even if it weren’t in translation, I think
doing.” Nevertheless, there is no getting around the fact that
it would be
sales of English titles abroad.
sales of translation in this country do not
Why are U.S. readers and publishers so
to literature in translation? Some
there is a certain
chalk it up to cultural
. Several writers
14
16
17
19
15
18
21
20
arrogance on the part of British and American publishing houses, which consider
anything published in another language to be automatically
. English is,
in practical terms, the most important language in the world today, and whether
imperialism is
or not, that reality has a certain effect on American
publishing. Still, many target a less pragmatic, more culture-specific kind of
solipsism. “America is just frighteningly different from the 22
of the world,”
says Barbara Epler, editor-in-chief of New Directions. “We are really Disneylanded
beyond belief.” Translator Peter Constantine’s take on the situation is
.
-- publishers are cautious about what they
“We in America are a little bit
bring out…. Here the public does not seem to have the
for translation that
the European market has. ”
23
24
25
26
It is difficult to say whether things have changed much in recent years ---
opinions
, and statistics are hard to come by. Drenka Willen, a senior editor
at Harcourt believes that there’s been an upturn in the past seven or eight years,
better. Robert Weil, executive editor at W.
with even poetry in translation
W. Norton, is downright
28
about foreign translations. “So few publishers
you can publish the work of superb overseas writers. It’s an
are involved
embarrassment of riches. We, as American publishers, ignore
works that
can be very commercial. But you have to know what you’re doing.”
30
29
27
二、 Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15 题，每题 2 分，共 30 分)
The following passages contain 15 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum
of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write
the answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way.
For a wrong word, write the correct one on Your Answer Sheet.
Foramissingword,writethemissingwordwitha “Λ” signbeforeitonYourAnswer
Sheet.
For an unnecessary work, write the unnecessary word with a deleting line on it on
Your Answer Sheet.
Example
Write on your Answer Sheet.
二、Proofreading and Error Correction.
31. Λ an
32. never
33. exhibit
Passage A
People’s attitude toward drugs varies from person to person. Some regard it as
them as dangerous. Then what is the
miraculous; others think of (31)
sensible attitude toward drugs? I think the first thing to think is the
(32)
treat certain bacterial diseases. (33)
threatening
pressure, coronary disease, etc. Against them, the doctor’s bag of tricks is limited.
antibiotics can really
On the other hand, the major diseases
Americans today are cancer, stroke, high blood
difference between drugs and wonder drugs. The
drugs. So the first important lesson is not to expect
He has wonder (34)
too many from drugs. If you can accept the fact (35)
that the war against many of our most devastating diseases is, at best, a holding
operation more than (36)
an inevitable triumph, they will do a great deal
to (37)
ease your own life as well as that of your doctor. Too many patients
exert great pressure on doctors to describe for every symptom, even when such (38)
treatment is unwarranted or dangerous. Unfortunately, the medical profession is
guilty in (39)
taking part, to a certain extent, in the wrongful action.
The patient who demands a shot of penicillinfor every sniffle and sneeze may be given
an injectionby a reluctant physician because he is certain that if he does not, the
patient will not search until he (40)
finds a doctor who will.
Passage B
The terms “attachment” and “bonding” are often used interchangeably, even
However, they have quite
though they had similar implications. (41)
distinctive meanings. Bonding actually refers to the parent’s tie to the infant
and thought to (42)
occur in the first hours or days of life. Attachment,
in contrast, refers to the relationship between infants and primary care- givers,
who develops gradually. Parent to infant bonding (43)
has been argued to occur
quite suddenly, especially upon first contact with the infant immediately after
birth. There is no so implication in the term attachment. As with any vital (44)
relationship, there can be no attachment. Rather, the infant-caregiver relationship
builds over time. It evolves through series of characteristic phases, with each phase
(45)
drawing on the one before. In fact, newborn infants are not yet capable
of attachment, since they have little ability to distinguish one person from another
and no concept of a permanent object. Because attachment refers to a relationship
and not simply an experience of the parent, it is inappropriate to say that an
attachment relationship has formed until the second half year. Even then the
relationship is not fully formed or fixed. It continues to evolve toward what John
Bowlby called a “partnership” during the preschool years and to be elaborated
三、 Sentence Completion 完成句子（根据提供的词，用合适的词的形式完成句子填空）
（15 题，每题 2 分，共 30 分）
46. doubt
The result of this was believers still believed and doubters remained
.
47. exist
Asia-Europe cooperation should be an example of harmonious
among countries.
48. patriot
China’s history stretches over thousands of years, and ____ has always been a
stirring theme and a powerful force inspiring the Chinese of all ethnic groups to
carry on and excel.
49. adapt
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of
the effects of extreme heat.
for reducing
50. increase
Managing our complex and
requires speaking to the right people at the right time on the rights issues and
in the right way.
interdependent relationship is daunting and
51. determine
This is a critical priority for me in the coming period and that
to say, is shared by the other major players in the negotiation.
, I am pleased
52. rely
Bold structural policies are needed to shift China’s growth away from heavy industry,
high energy use, and dependence on exports – towards greater
on domestic
demand and production of services.
53. scarce
The rising cost of food represents an even more immediate danger. Food
has already resulted in worldwide riots.
54. benefit
The time of zero-sum mentality is past, so we should work together for mutually
cooperation instead.
55. wide
A negative result of globalization is the
of the inequality between the highly
educated and the less educated, between urban and rural incomes, and between coastal
and inland provinces.
56. long
As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals
has increased, the list of air pollutants has
.
57. prosper
What we today call American folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary
everyday “folks” who, with increasing
art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.
and leisure, created a market for
58. capable
Through the face-to-face exchange, the two delegations had a better understanding
of each other’s intentions and
.
59. abound
But he had still at intervals a kind listener in Mrs. Philips, and was, by her
watchfulness, most
supplied with coffee and muffin.
60. certain
Amidst the rising
financial crisis in the United States is spreading and the international financial
market has seen increasing volatility.
and destabilizing factors in the world economy, the
四、 Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30 题，每题 2 分，共 60 分）
Text A
When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January
2004, the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America
and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was
France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French
subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this
success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’ favourite enemy
operates.
So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8%
and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years.
Europe accounted for 36% of the group’s profits and for 28% of its sales. December
was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France
and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.
Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s
operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting
his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting
workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being
American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to
address these concerns.
He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely
popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the
visitors’ programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last
year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein,
fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.
Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs
at McDonald’s restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts
have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a
“McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European
Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe
more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent.
To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald’s employs local
bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald’s in Russia, though a
Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths
of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French
farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered
that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi
Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.
In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to
spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes.
The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up
a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.
Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems
odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked
up in the French market. But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market
after America. The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but
Britain.
“Fixing Britain should be his priority,”says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst
at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are
company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers
from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income
from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible,
says Mr Palmer.
M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European
company-owned restaurants’ margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 2007. This
is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19% today. But it is
much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reign. He is already being tipped as the
first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois. Nobody would call
that a McJob.
61. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.
A. difficult
B. menial
C. terrible
D. excellent
62. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?
A. It tends to make people fat.
B. Its operations are very vague.
C. It tends to exploit workers.
D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.
63. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired
result?
A. “Food Studio” scheme.
B. “Open Door” visitor days.
C. The “McPassport” scheme.
D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.
64. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?
A. set up a “Food Studio” .
B. established a “Design Studio”.
C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.
D. employed local bosses as much as possible.
65. ____of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure
is much lower than that in Britain.
A. 40%
B.15%
C. 50%
D. 16.4%
66. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump
in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were____.
A. increasing
B. dramatically upgrading
C. declining
D. blocking
67.
The most profitable market for McDonald’s is＿＿
A. European market
B. American market
C. French market
D. Chinese market
Text B
Washington, it ’ s a high-stakes, multibillion-dollar industry with tight
deadlines, demanding clients and lives at risk. Any miscommunication could cause
a deep financial loss or death. Some people in the industry work in war zones while
others have cozy home offices. “The stakes can be huge,” said Lillian Clementi,
“There’s tons of time pressure.” The business is language. And it’s booming.
The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years
while their wages steadily grew before, during and after the recession. Jobs are
expected to grow 46 percent between 2012 and 2022, according to the Labor Department,
making it one of the nation’s fastest growing occupations. During a period of
stagnating wages across the labor market, the language-service industry with its
50,000 jobs is a bright spot in the jobs outlook.
Clementi is a French translator who works in corporate communications from her
home in Arlington, Va. Clementi is routinely on tight deadlines to submit translated
material. One of Clementi’s former clients, a French company, routinely sent her
legal documents to translate at the end of France’s workday-about midday on the
East Coast. Clementi translated the material and emailed it to another translator
in Australia to double-check it. Then the Australian translator sent the translated
documents back to France before the company’s offices opened the next day in Paris.
“It had literally gone around the globe,” said Clementi, who translates French
into English. “This has been going on forever in this industry.” In some cases,
a proper translation or interpretation is vital. If a user’s manual for medical
equipment is not translated well, it could lead to confusion during an emergency.
Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community
members.
Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic changes and the Internet economy
raise the need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want
their content tailored to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same
language. For instance, trousers in London are pants in Miami. And of course, words
like pop and soda can vary by the neighborhood or region. “As more people have access
to the worldwide economy, that’s going to drive more commerce, and that’s going
to drive more language services, ” said Bill Rivers, executive director of the
National Council for Language and International studies in the Washington region.
Translators’ and interpreters’ relative immunity to the nation’s economic
downturn also highlights the growing demand for multilingual speakers in an
increasingly globalized economy, experts said. “Good translators who specialize
in a particular subject and become really good at it can make six-digit figures
annually,” said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association.
“The professional translators and interpreters are pretty happy right now because
the economy is good and the jobs are there. ” The estimated value of the
language-service industry worldwide, including technology language services, this
year will be about $ 37.2 billion, according to Common Sense Advisory, a market
research firm in Boston. That’s 6.2 percent increase from 2013. Common Sense Advisory
predicts he industry will be worth $47 billion by 2018.
68. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of the industry
of language?
A. It has strict deadlines.
B. Its clients have high requirements.
C. The mistakes in communication may cause severe financial loss.
D. People in this industry all have cozy home offices.
69. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about translators and
interpreters?
A. Jobs for translators and interpreters are likely to reduce after 2022.
B. The wages of translators and interpreters were not affected by the recession.
C. The wages of translators and interpreters remains in an unchanged high level.
D. The jobs outlook shows no optimism.
70. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the underlined
sentence in paragraph 2?
A. The development of language-service industry with its 50,000 jobs always keeps
in step with that of the whole labor market.
B. The whole labor market seriously restricts the growth of language-service
industry with its 50,000 jobs.
C. The language-service industry which creates 50,000 jobs stand out in a period
of stagnating wages across the labor market.
D. The language-service industry develops rapidly though the jobs outlook across
the whole labor market is depressing.
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