2006 年上海海事大学英汉互译考研真题 Note: try to improve your translations again and again until the end of the time allotted (3 hours) (1) Put the following passage into Chinese: （本题满分 75 分） An Unfair Imbalance ome economists who believe that the United States coutd learn much from Japan's economic success argue that there is an unfair imbalance in the exchange of ideas between Japan and the United States. It is true that Japan imports in translation considerable scholarship and that the number of Japanese publications on economics put into other languages, particularly English, is very small.The imbalance may seem even more unjust when one considers that the monthly journal Keiza Hyoron recently included a bibliography listing over 800 periodicals on economics that are written in Japanese. Japanese scholars, however, tend to publish mostly for the domestic audience. The publish-or-perish philosophy so dominant in the United States is virtually nonexistent in Japan;so once a Japanese scholar attains permanent tenure status while an assistant professor, there is no strong incentive to compete in the international forum for recognition. And given the rigors of the refereeing process, it is far easier, by comparison, to publish at home, thereby enhancing a domestic reputation that may ultimately be more useful for advancement than an international one. Furthermore, in the social sciences, it is much easier to publish in international journals if the writing deals with abstract theory; and in economics, a number of distinguished and internationally recognized mathematical economists 

and econometricians'have emerged in Japan. A social scientist engaged in research on Japan, however, tends to encounter far greater difficulty in having findings published in an international jourmal. A highly focused piece may not be of sufficient interest to foreign scholars; and unlike articles in the natural sciences or even mathematical economics, it must be put into exceptionally good English. A few Japanese scholars possess such remarkable linguistic skills; but for the rest, the cost of a professional translation may be prohibitive. Also, as many as two-thirds of the journals listed by Keiza hyoron are academic in-house organs, created solely for the purpose of enhancing the department's status within the university, and are published only once or twice a year. Contributors are almost exclusively graduate students or younger faculty who need publications for appointment or tenure, and many articles are just lecture notes in disguise or commentaries on the works of foreign scholars. These are consigned'to the most remote areas of the library, where they justly gather dust. Unfortunately, the occasional scholarly gem lumped'in with the unworthies is destined to be neglected by the profession. Finally, fully two-thirds to three-quarters of university economists in Japan are Marxians who write purely theoretical works that have nothing to do with the Japanese economy, and they tend to add to the unreadability of their works by writing in Marxian jargon. So while there is much that economists in the United St?tes might find useful in journals published in Japanese, it would be wrong to conclude that Japanese academic world is intentionally running a huge cultural trade deficit. 

——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————————————— (2) Put the following passage into English∶（本题满分 75 分） 救命的善举 从前，一个男人买了一条小船。每年夏天，他都会带着家人划船 到湖中钓鱼。 有一年夏季已过，他想把船收起来。当他把船拉到岸上的时候，发现船底破了个小洞，只是 一个非常不起眼的窟窿。他想，反正冬天船就在陆地上放着，来年春天再修也来得及，于是 便没有理会。冬季到了，他找来油漆工给小船重新上了一遍漆。第二年春天来得格外早。 ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ————————————————————————