2011 年山东科技大学英语综合考研真题 arbitrariness morphophonemics assimilation root converse antonymy paradigmatic relation interlanguage deep structure suprasegmental features 第一部分：英语语言学知识(共 100 分) 一． Define the following terms, using examples where necessary. (每题 2 分，共 20 分) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. concordance 二． Multiple choice. (每题 1 分，共 20 分) 1 ． Phatic is one of the language ______________. A. forms 2. A. in ancient times B. in modern times C. at different places 3. A. Stop 4. A. diacritics C. voicing 5. by which words are formed. A. the external structure of words C. the surface structure of words 6. deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. A. Borrowing B. Back-formation C. Acronym _______ refers to a type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies_______, and of the rules Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription with__________. Diachronic linguistics is a study of language____________. B. distinctive features D. articulation __________is one of the suprasegmental features. B. structures C. patterns D. functions B. the internal structure of words D. over a certain period of time D. the deep structure of words D. Analogical creation C. Deletion D. Tone B. Voicing B. endocentric 7. According to construction types, prepositional phrases such as“in the classroom” is regarded as a(n)____________construction. A. exocentric 8. Semantics is ___________________. A. denotation B. a general variable of universal grammar C. the study of meaning as encoded in language. combine of different lexical items. C. subordinate D. coordinate of meaning different element which ways make the in to up 

on the the information course It focuses we receive B. semantics D. morphology C. pragmatics of processing Error analysis is____________________. way of communication. D. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of social life. 9. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called ________comes into being. A. syntax 10. Which of the following is not the concern of psycholinguistics? A. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language. B. in the C. It pays more attention to the study of language acquisition in children. D. It relates the social norms that determine the type of language to be used in a certain occasion. 11. A. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of teaching methods B. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language learners C. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language acquisition D. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of learning style preferences 12. Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This variety of individual users is called “___________” . A. social dialect 13. A. the search for spatially determined differences in various aspects of language B. the search for geographically determined differences in various aspects of language C. the search for spatially and geographically determined differences in various aspects of language D. the search for geographically determined differences in an aspect of language A speaker may change from one dialect to another according to his subject 14. matter, the required formality and other factors in the course of communication. This linguistic behaviour is B. regional dialect Dialectology is________________. C. temporal dialect D. idiolect C. dialect D. register B. code-switching referred to as __________________. A. bilingualism 15. _____________may be said to be equivalent to speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning. A. Locutionary act C. Illocutionary force 16. The Indirect Speech Act was developed by ____________. A. John Austin B. Levinson 17. Stylistics is _______________. A. varieties of language used by an individual appropriate to a level of formality B. the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistics feature C. unit of sound consisting of a vowel (with or without consonants) B. Perlocutionary act D. Performatives D. John Searle C. John Lyons 

D. generative-transformational grammar B. Asher D. Hymes D. fixed and prejudicial patterns of thought about kinds of people that are often mistaken 18. The theoretical linguistic background of the audiolingual method is _____________. A. Latin grammar B. audiolingualism C. structuralism 19. Who first used the term “communicative competence” in deliberate contrast to Chomsky’s “linguistic competence”? A. Stern C. Krashen 20. Functional linguistic is _____________________. A. the study of the forms of language in reference to their social function in communication B. the study of language abstract forms of language and their internal relation C. the study of language use in its social context D. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of social life 三. True or false questions. 1 ．The traffic light system does not possess duality because there is only simple one to one relationship between signs and meaning. 2. linguistics. 3. 4. 5. functions as one word. This is called structural stability. 6. to nouns. 7. the form of The sound [p] in the word“expensive ”is pronounced as a voiceless consonant. Allophones are described in phonetic terms. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with verbs when converted Government is a type of control in which a word of a certain class determines Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are branches of (每题 1 分，共 15 分) Pairs of words like good/bad, long/short, big/small are examples of converse others in terms of certain category. 8. An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. 9. antonyms. 10. The term “accent” refers to differences between languages which are different in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. 11. 12. constatives. 13. 14. test, attitude test, proficiency test and achievement test. Text is a prosodic unit. Classified by different aims, there are four major types of test: aptitude At the age of two, children can master the essentials of their mother tongue. Austin claims that there are two types of sentences: performatives and 

An important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees [g ] [ j ] [ p ] [ ] 15. language in terms of function. 四． Give the description of the following sounds. (每题 1 分，共 5 分) 1 ． [ s ] 2. 3. 4. 5. 五． Work out the tree diagrams of the following ambiguities through IC analysis. (第 1 题 3 分， 第 2 题 2 分，共 5 分) 1. my small child’s cot 2. Leave the book on the shelf. 六． Answer the following questions briefly. (每题 3 分， 共 15 分) 1. 2. two notions. 3. 20 分) 1. Comment on how and why the following exchange of conversation violates the cooperative principle. A. Isn’t her new dress beautiful? B. The color is nice. 2. Why can’t we have the English consonant clusters such as *hepl, *lupm, *rpay, *lkaps, or *wqick etc. in onset and coda positions? Explain with examples. What functions include in Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language? What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction? Exemplify the What is Pro-form? Explain with examples. 七． Discussions. (每题 10 分，共 第二部分 英美文学知识(共 50 分) 一. “Crossing the Bar” is a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson. It is thought that Tennyson wrote it as his own elegy, as the poem has a tone of finality about it. Read the last stanza of the poem and answer the two questions. For though from out our bourn of Time and Place The flood may bear me far, I hope to see my Pilot face to face When I have crost the bar. 1. What does “crossing the Bar” mean? (5 points) 2. Explain the implied meaning of “I hope to see my Pilot face to face” (5 points) 二. The following is from Song of Myself, an American epic loosely following a quest pattern. I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. 3. Please comment on its style and ideas. (10 points) 

Mr. and me with terror and you, known to feel anguish Rochester; 三. Read the following excerpt from Chapter XXIII, Jane Eyre and answer the questions that follow. “I grieve to leave Thornfield: I love Thornfield: - I love it, because I have lived in it a full and delightful life, - momentarily at least. I have not been trampled on. I have not been petrified. I have not been buried with inferior minds, and excluded from every glimpse of communion with what is bright and energetic and high. I have talked, face to face, with what I reverence, with what I delight in, - with an original, a vigorous, an expanded mind. I have it strikes I absolutely must be torn from you forever. I see the necessity of departure; and it is like looking on the necessity of death.” … … “I tell you I must go!” I retorted, roused to something like passion. “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? - a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal, - as we are!” 4. What are Jane’s chief concerns over her love of Rochester? (15 points) 5. What feelings does she have for Rochester and why? (15 points)