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Getting Started with Bluetooth Low Energy.pdf
Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface
Who This Book Is For
How to Use This Book
Overview of BLE
Tools for Development and Testing
Development Platforms
Conventions Used in This Book
Using Code Examples
Safari® Books Online
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction
What Makes BLE Different
The Specification
Configurations
Based on Specification Support
Based on Chip Count
Key Limitations
Data Throughput
Operating Range
Network Topology
Broadcasting and Observing
Connections
Protocols versus Profiles
Generic Profiles
Use-Case-Specific Profiles
Chapter 2. Protocol Basics
Physical Layer
Link Layer
Bluetooth Device Address
Advertising and Scanning
Connections
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)
Attribute Protocol (ATT)
ATT operations
Security Manager (SM)
Security Procedures
Pairing Algorithms
Security Keys
Generic Attribute Profile (GATT)
Generic Access Profile (GAP)
Chapter 3. GAP (Advertising and Connections)
Roles
Modes and Procedures
Broadcast and Observation
Discovery
Connection Establishment
Additional GAP Procedures
Security
Address Types
Authentication
Security Modes
Security Modes and Procedures
Additional GAP Definitions
Advertising Data Format
GAP Service
Chapter 4. GATT (Services and Characteristics)
Roles
UUIDs
Attributes
Handle
Type
Permissions
Value
Attribute and Data Hierarchy
Services
Characteristics
Characteristic Descriptors
Example Service
Advanced Attribute Concepts
Attribute Caching
GATT Attribute Data in Advertising Packets
Features
Exchange MTU
Service and Characteristic Discovery
Reading Characteristics and Descriptors
Writing Characteristics and Descriptors
Server-Initiated Updates
Security
GATT Service
Chapter 5. Hardware Platforms
nRF51822-EK (Nordic Semiconductors)
Technical Specifications
SoftDevice Architecture
Working with the nRF51822-EK
Examples and Toolchains
CC2541DK-MINI (Texas Instruments)
Other Hardware Platforms and Modules
Laird’s BL600 Module
Bluegiga’s BLE112/BLE113 Modules
RFDuino
Chapter 6. Debugging Tools
PCA10000 USB Dongle and the Master Control Panel
PCA10000 USB Dongle and Wireshark
CC2540 USB Dongle and SmartRF Sniffer
SmartRF-to-Wireshark Converter
Bluez hcitool and gatttool
Chapter 7. Application Design Tools
Bluetooth Application Accelerator
SensorTag
LightBlue for iOS
nRF Master Control Panel for Android
Chapter 8. Android Programming
Getting Started
Get the Hardware
Get the Software
Configure the Hardware
Start a New Project
Initializing the BLE Library
Connecting to a Remote Device
Communicating with a Remote Device
Chapter 9. iOS Programming
Simple Battery-Level Peripheral
Scanning for Remote Peripherals
Connecting to Remote Peripherals
Looking Up Services Associated with a Remote Peripheral
Looking Up Characteristics Associated with Services
Methods for Reading and Decoding Characteristics
iBeacon
Advertising
Ranging
Implementing an iBeacon App
Apple Notification Center Service with an External Display
Chapter 10. Embedded Application Development
mbed BLE API
Embedded Toolchains
Installing GNU Tools on OS X and Linux
Installing GNU Tools on Windows
nRF51822 GNU Codebase and Sample Project
Getting the nRF51822 GNU Codebase
nR51822 GNU Codebase Structure
Compiling Projects
Writing to the nRF51822
Going Further
Index
About the Authors
www.allitebooks.com
Getting Started with Bluetooth
Low Energy
Kevin Townsend, Carles Cufí,
Akiba, and Robert Davidson
www.allitebooks.com
Getting Started with Bluetooth Low Energy
by Kevin Townsend, Carles Cufí, Akiba, and Robert Davidson
Copyright © 2014 Kevin Townsend, Carles Cufí, Akiba, and Robert Davidson. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are
also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/
institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.
Editors: Brian Sawyer and Mike Loukides
Production Editor: Melanie Yarbrough
Proofreader: Eliahu Sussman
Indexer: Judith McConville
Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery
Interior Designer: David Futato
Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest
May 2014:
First Edition
Revision History for the First Edition:
2014-04-29: First release
See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781491949511 for release details.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly
Media, Inc. Getting Started with Bluetooth Low Energy, the image of a Mousebird, and related trade dress
are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark
claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume
no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained
herein.
ISBN: 978-1-491-94951-1
[LSI]
www.allitebooks.com
Table of Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1.
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
What Makes BLE Different 1
The Specification 3
Configurations 3
Based on Specification Support 3
Based on Chip Count 5
Key Limitations 6
Data Throughput 6
Operating Range 8
Network Topology 9
Broadcasting and Observing 9
Connections 10
Protocols versus Profiles 12
Generic Profiles 13
Use-Case-Specific Profiles 13
2. Protocol Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Physical Layer 16
Link Layer 17
Bluetooth Device Address 19
Advertising and Scanning 19
Connections 22
Host Controller Interface (HCI) 24
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) 25
Attribute Protocol (ATT) 26
ATT operations 26
Security Manager (SM) 28
www.allitebooks.com
iii
Security Procedures 29
Pairing Algorithms 30
Security Keys 31
Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 32
Generic Access Profile (GAP) 33
3. GAP (Advertising and Connections). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Roles 36
Modes and Procedures 37
Broadcast and Observation 38
Discovery 39
Connection Establishment 41
Additional GAP Procedures 42
Security 43
Address Types 44
Authentication 45
Security Modes 45
Security Modes and Procedures 46
Additional GAP Definitions 48
Advertising Data Format 48
GAP Service 50
4. GATT (Services and Characteristics). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Roles 51
UUIDs 52
Attributes 53
Handle 53
Type 54
Permissions 54
Value 55
Attribute and Data Hierarchy 56
Services 58
Characteristics 59
Characteristic Descriptors 61
Example Service 63
Advanced Attribute Concepts 66
Attribute Caching 66
GATT Attribute Data in Advertising Packets 67
Features 68
Exchange MTU 68
Service and Characteristic Discovery 69
Reading Characteristics and Descriptors 70
iv
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Writing Characteristics and Descriptors 71
Server-Initiated Updates 72
Security 72
GATT Service 73
5. Hardware Platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
nRF51822-EK (Nordic Semiconductors) 75
Technical Specifications 75
SoftDevice Architecture 76
Working with the nRF51822-EK 77
Examples and Toolchains 78
CC2541DK-MINI (Texas Instruments) 78
Other Hardware Platforms and Modules 80
Laird’s BL600 Module 81
Bluegiga’s BLE112/BLE113 Modules 81
RFDuino 82
6. Debugging Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
PCA10000 USB Dongle and the Master Control Panel 83
PCA10000 USB Dongle and Wireshark 86
CC2540 USB Dongle and SmartRF Sniffer 88
SmartRF-to-Wireshark Converter 88
Bluez hcitool and gatttool 89
7. Application Design Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Bluetooth Application Accelerator 91
SensorTag 91
LightBlue for iOS 93
nRF Master Control Panel for Android 94
8. Android Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Getting Started 97
Get the Hardware 97
Get the Software 98
Configure the Hardware 98
Start a New Project 101
Initializing the BLE Library 104
Connecting to a Remote Device 107
Communicating with a Remote Device 111
9.
iOS Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123
Simple Battery-Level Peripheral 124
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v
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Scanning for Remote Peripherals 127
Connecting to Remote Peripherals 127
Looking Up Services Associated with a Remote Peripheral 128
Looking Up Characteristics Associated with Services 129
Methods for Reading and Decoding Characteristics 131
iBeacon 132
Advertising 133
Ranging 134
Implementing an iBeacon App 135
Apple Notification Center Service with an External Display 138
10. Embedded Application Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
mbed BLE API 144
Embedded Toolchains 144
Installing GNU Tools on OS X and Linux 146
Installing GNU Tools on Windows 147
nRF51822 GNU Codebase and Sample Project 149
Getting the nRF51822 GNU Codebase 149
nR51822 GNU Codebase Structure 150
Compiling Projects 151
Writing to the nRF51822 153
Going Further 156
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
vi
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