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    Copyright
    Table of Contents
    Foreword
    Preface
    Conventions Used in This Book
    Using Code Examples
    Safari® Books Online
    How to Contact Us
    Acknowledgments
    Chapter 1. Quick Start
    Why Google Created Dart
    A Quick Look at the Dart Language
    What’s Cool About Dart
    Up and Running
    Step 1: Download and Install the Software
    Step 2: Launch the Editor
    Step 3: Create and Run an App
    Step 4: Open and Run a Sample
    What Next?
    Chapter 2. A Tour of the Dart Language
    A Basic Dart Program
    Important Concepts
    Runtime Modes
    Variables
    Default Value
    Optional Types
    Final and Const
    Built-in Types
    Numbers
    Strings
    Booleans
    Lists
    Maps
    Functions
    Optional Parameters
    Functions as First-Class Objects
    Lexical Closures
    Return Values
    Operators
    Arithmetic Operators
    Equality and Relational Operators
    Type Test Operators
    Assignment Operators
    Logical Operators
    Bitwise and Shift Operators
    Other Operators
    Control Flow Statements
    If and Else
    For Loops
    While and Do-While
    Break and Continue
    Switch and Case
    Assert
    Exceptions
    Throw
    Catch
    Finally
    Classes
    Instance Variables
    Constructors
    Methods
    Abstract Classes
    Implicit Interfaces
    Extending a Class
    Class Variables and Methods
    Generics
    Why Use Generics?
    Using Collection Literals
    Using Constructors
    Generic Collections and the Types they Contain
    Libraries and Visibility
    Using Libraries
    Implementing Libraries
    Isolates
    Typedefs
    Comments
    Single-Line Comments
    Multi-Line Comments
    Documentation Comments
    Summary
    Chapter 3. A Tour of the Dart Libraries
    dart:core - Numbers, Collections, Strings, and More
    Numbers
    Strings and Regular Expressions
    Collections
    Dates and Times
    Utility Classes
    Asynchronous Programming
    Exceptions
    dart:math - Math and Random
    Trigonometry
    Maximum and Mininum
    Math Constants
    Random Numbers
    More Information
    dart:html - Browser-Based Apps
    Manipulating the DOM
    Using HTTP Resources with HttpRequest
    Sending and Receiving Real-Time Data with WebSockets
    dart:isolate - Concurrency with Isolates
    Isolate Concepts
    Using Isolates
    More Information
    dart:io - I/O for Command-Line Apps
    Files and Directories
    HTTP Clients and Servers
    dart:json - Encoding and Decoding Objects
    Decoding JSON
    Encoding JSON
    dart:uri - Manipulating URIs
    Encoding and Decoding Fully Qualified URIs
    Encoding and Decoding URI Components
    Parsing URIs
    Building URIs
    dart:utf - Strings and Unicode
    Decoding UTF-8 Characters
    Encoding Strings to UTF-8 Bytes
    Other Functionality
    dart:crypto - Hash Codes and More
    Generating Cryptographic Hashes
    Generating Message Authentication Codes
    Generating Base64 Strings
    Summary
    Chapter 4. Tools
    pub: The Dart Package Manager
    Creating a Pubspec
    Installing Packages
    Importing Libraries from Packages
    More Information
    Dart Editor
    Viewing Samples
    Managing the Files View
    Creating Apps
    Editing Apps
    Running Apps
    Debugging Apps
    Compiling to JavaScript
    Other Features
    Dartium: Chromium with the Dart VM
    Downloading and Installing the Browser
    Launching the Browser
    Filing Bugs
    Linking to Dart Source
    Detecting Dart Support
    Launching from the Command Line
    dart2js: The Dart-to-JavaScript Compiler
    Basic Usage
    Options
    dart: The Standalone VM
    Basic Usage
    Enabling Checked Mode
    Additional Options
    Summary
    Chapter 5. Walkthrough: Dart Chat
    How to Run Dart Chat
    How Dart Chat Works
    The Client’s HTML Code
    The Client’s Dart Code
    Finding DOM Elements
    Wrapping DOM Elements
    Updating DOM Elements
    Encoding and Decoding Messages
    Communicating with WebSockets
    The Server’s Code
    Serving Static Files
    Managing WebSocket Connections
    Logging Messages to a File
    What Next?
    About the Authors
    Dart: Up and Running Kathy Walrath and Seth Ladd
    Dart: Up and Running by Kathy Walrath and Seth Ladd Copyright © 2013 Kathy Walrath, Seth Ladd. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/ institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Editor: Meghan Blanchette Production Editor: Christopher Hearse Proofreader: Christopher Hearse Cover Designer: Randy Comer Interior Designer: David Futato Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest Revision History for the First Edition: 2012-10-24 First release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449330897 for release details. Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Dart: Up and Running, the image of a greater roadrunner, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. This text of this work is available at this book’s GitHub project under the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trade‐ mark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN: 978-1-449-33089-7 [LSI]
    Table of Contents Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1. Quick Start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Why Google Created Dart 1 A Quick Look at the Dart Language 3 What’s Cool About Dart 3 Up and Running 5 Step 1: Download and Install the Software 5 Step 2: Launch the Editor 5 Step 3: Create and Run an App 6 Step 4: Open and Run a Sample 8 What Next? 9 2. A Tour of the Dart Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 A Basic Dart Program 11 Important Concepts 12 Runtime Modes 13 Variables 13 Default Value 14 Optional Types 14 Final and Const 14 Built-in Types 15 Numbers 15 Strings 16 Booleans 17 Lists 18 Maps 19 Functions 20 Optional Parameters 20 iii
    Functions as First-Class Objects 22 Lexical Closures 22 Return Values 23 Operators 23 Arithmetic Operators 24 Equality and Relational Operators 25 Type Test Operators 26 Assignment Operators 26 Logical Operators 27 Bitwise and Shift Operators 27 Other Operators 28 Control Flow Statements 28 If and Else 28 For Loops 29 While and Do-While 29 Break and Continue 30 Switch and Case 30 Assert 32 Exceptions 32 Throw 32 Catch 33 Finally 33 Classes 34 Instance Variables 35 Constructors 35 Methods 39 Abstract Classes 41 Implicit Interfaces 42 Extending a Class 43 Class Variables and Methods 43 Generics 44 Why Use Generics? 44 Using Collection Literals 45 Using Constructors 46 Generic Collections and the Types they Contain 46 Libraries and Visibility 46 Using Libraries 46 Implementing Libraries 47 Isolates 49 Typedefs 49 Comments 51 Single-Line Comments 51 iv | Table of Contents
    Multi-Line Comments 51 Documentation Comments 51 Summary 52 3. A Tour of the Dart Libraries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 dart:core - Numbers, Collections, Strings, and More 53 Numbers 53 Strings and Regular Expressions 54 Collections 57 Dates and Times 62 Utility Classes 63 Asynchronous Programming 64 Exceptions 66 dart:math - Math and Random 66 Trigonometry 66 Maximum and Mininum 67 Math Constants 67 Random Numbers 67 More Information 67 dart:html - Browser-Based Apps 68 Manipulating the DOM 68 Using HTTP Resources with HttpRequest 72 Sending and Receiving Real-Time Data with WebSockets 74 dart:isolate - Concurrency with Isolates 76 Isolate Concepts 76 Using Isolates 77 More Information 80 dart:io - I/O for Command-Line Apps 80 Files and Directories 80 HTTP Clients and Servers 83 dart:json - Encoding and Decoding Objects 84 Decoding JSON 85 Encoding JSON 85 dart:uri - Manipulating URIs 86 Encoding and Decoding Fully Qualified URIs 86 Encoding and Decoding URI Components 86 Parsing URIs 87 Building URIs 87 dart:utf - Strings and Unicode 87 Decoding UTF-8 Characters 87 Encoding Strings to UTF-8 Bytes 88 Other Functionality 88 Table of Contents | v
    dart:crypto - Hash Codes and More 88 Generating Cryptographic Hashes 89 Generating Message Authentication Codes 89 Generating Base64 Strings 89 Summary 90 4. Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 pub: The Dart Package Manager 91 Creating a Pubspec 92 Installing Packages 92 Importing Libraries from Packages 93 More Information 93 Dart Editor 93 Viewing Samples 93 Managing the Files View 93 Creating Apps 94 Editing Apps 95 Running Apps 99 Debugging Apps 101 Compiling to JavaScript 102 Other Features 102 Dartium: Chromium with the Dart VM 103 Downloading and Installing the Browser 103 Launching the Browser 104 Filing Bugs 104 Linking to Dart Source 104 Detecting Dart Support 105 Launching from the Command Line 105 dart2js: The Dart-to-JavaScript Compiler 105 Basic Usage 106 Options 106 dart: The Standalone VM 106 Basic Usage 106 Enabling Checked Mode 106 Additional Options 107 Summary 107 5. Walkthrough: Dart Chat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 How to Run Dart Chat 109 How Dart Chat Works 110 The Client’s HTML Code 111 The Client’s Dart Code 112 vi | Table of Contents
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