1  ............................................................................................................. 1
2  ............................................................................................................. 1
2.1  .................................................................................................. 1
2.2  ...................................................................................... 1
2.3  .................................................................................................. 2
3  ..................................................................................................... 3
3.1   ..................................................................... 4
3.2   ..................................................................................... 4
3.3 LCD12864  ........................................................... 5
4  ..................................................................................................... 5
4.1  .................................................................................................. 6
4.2 PID  .......................................................................................... 7
5  ............................................................................................................. 8
6  ..................................................................................................................... 8
 ................................................................................................................ 9
 ...................................................................................................................... 10
 .......................................................................................... 16
 
 
 
 
 
1  
 C   
1 
2 
3 
4 
2  
2.1  
 STC89C52 
 T0  PWM 
 Proteus  L298N 
 LCD12864 
 PID  
2.2  
STC89C52
 1  
 1  
1 
 
2.3  
2.3.1  PWM  
  
 
PWMPulse Width Modulation
PWM  
PWM 
 
   
 
D
t
1
t
1
t
2
t
1
T
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      (1) 
T  1t  2t 
 
0*
U D U
U IR
     
N
K
,   0U    
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
      (2) 
U ; I ; R ;
; K  
 51  T0 PWM 
   PWM “
” 
2.3.2  
,
(A B ) 90° A 
 B ,
2 
 
0  A  B  A 
B 
 2  
 2   AB  
 
M T M/T 
 51  M  cT 
 1M  M 
1M  cT    1
 Z  1f  Z 
(r/min) 
 
                                               
n
1 /
f M T
c
1
 
 
 
(3) 
 
 
60
M
ZT
c
 
 
 
 Z  cT  n  1M  M 
 T0  cT 
 cT  A  1M , B 
 3  M  
 3 M  
3  
 ProteusProteus 
 30 
Proteus  Keil 
 KeilC51 
3 
 
HEX  Proteus  
3.1   
 
 12MHz  XTAL1  XTAL2 
 33pF  4  
 
 4   
3.2   
 L298N L298N 
H  4 VSS VS 
IN1IN2  TTL  H 
ENAENB  PWM
 ENA  IN1  PWM 
IN2  IN1 IN2  PWM
IN1  IN2  ENA
 5  L298N  
 5 L298N  
4 
 
 L298N  
IN1 
X 
1 
0 
1 
IN2 
X 
0 
1 
1 
ENA 
 
0 
1 
1 
1 
 
 
 
 
3.3 LCD12864  
 LCD128X64  4 /8 2  3 
 128×64 8192  16*16  128  16*8  ASCII 
 8×4  16×16 
 6  Proteus  LCD12864 
 
 6 LCD12864  
 4*4 
 P2 
“ON\C”“X”“/”“+”
“-”“=” 
4  
 Keil uVision5 KeilC51 
 5  STC89C51 
 0  500ms 
5 
 
 7  Keil5  
4.1  
 7 Keil5  
CPU 
 8  
 8   
6 
 
4.2 PID  
 PID  PID 
 9  PID 
 
( )r t
( )e t
( )u t
( )y t
PID rtyt
etrtyt(P)(I)(D)
 9 PID  
 
u( )
t
[ ( )
K e t
p
1
T
i
t
0
( )
e t dt T
d
( )
de t
dt
]
( )
K e t
p
K e t dt K
( )
t
0
i
( )
de t
dt
d
           
 pK  iT  dT ; 
K
 
T
i
*
K T
d
,u( )t  ( )e t 
K
d
p
p
K
i
 
 PID 
 PWM  PID 
 PID  0~50r/min50~100r/min 50r/min  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7