2002 年上海华东师范大学普通生态学考研真题 一.名词解释 种群内分布型 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 生活史对策 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 重要值 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 群落 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 生活型 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 演替 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 初级生产量 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 食物网 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 生物多样性 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 功能种团 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 二.问答题 1.在城市的人工草坪里，常有大量杂草出现，请用生态学理论及学说来解释分析此种现象。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 

2.举例说明三相地带性学说。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.什么是 MacArthur 的岛屿生物地理平衡学说?它在自然保护区建设中的意义? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4.举例说明生物间的互利共生现象。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 5.1 9 4 9 年我国人口是 5.4 亿，2000 年人口普查结果是约 13 亿，请计算 5l 年来我国人口 的自然增长率。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________