Oracle11204+RAC+ASM+Centos7.docx-资料库

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1 准备工作 1.软件需求 rpm -q make binutils fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libXrender-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel libXau libXtst libXrender libXll libXi 配置 yum 安装缺失包 2.网络需求各节点配置网卡每个节点至少要有两个网络适配器(网卡)或者是两个网络接口卡(NICs),一个用于公有网络，一个用于私有网络。在 11.2.0.2 版本之后,可以使用 Redundant Interconnect Usage 创建 1-4 个高可用 IP(HAIP),实现节点之间私有网络的高可用和负载均衡。 3.划分节点 IP（各节点） [root@racdb1 yum.repos.d]# vi 127.0.0.1 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 /etc/hosts ## Public 192.168.0.26 racdb1 192.168.0.27 racdb2 #Virtual IP 192.168.0.28 racdb1vip 192.168.0.29 racdb2vip #Private IP 10.10.0.202 racdb1pri 10.10.0.203 racdb2pri #Scan Virtual IP

192.168.0.33 rac-scan 4.防火墙和 Selinux（各节点） [root@racdb1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@racdb1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service [root@racdb1 ~]# getenforce [root@racdb1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config [root@racdb1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled 保存重启 5.创建组和用户（各节点） groupadd -g 1022 asmoper groupadd -g 1020 asmadmin groupadd -g 1021 asmdba groupadd -g 1010 oinstall groupadd -g 1030 dba groupadd -g 1031 oper /usr/sbin/useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba,asmoper oracle echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle /usr/sbin/useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba echo grid | passwd --stdin grid grid 6.创建安装目录（各节点） mkdir -p /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle mkdir -p /oracle/software chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle chown oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle chmod -R 775 /oracle 注意: Grid home 一定不要放置在 Oracle BASE 目录下，包括 Grid 用户的 BASE 目录并且也不能放置在安装用户的 home 目录下

如果 Grid home 路径在安装过程中的权限变为 root,那么在其他安装中将会发生错误 7.配置安装用户的环境变量（各节点） ORALCE 用户 racdb1： export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=JYSDB1 export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH [oracle@racdb1 ~]$ . ./.bash_profile racdb2： export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=JYSDB2 export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH [oracle@racdb2 ~]$ . ./.bash_profile grid 用户 racdb1： export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH racdb2： export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/11.2.0/grid export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2 export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH ~ [root@racdb2 ~]# . ./.bash_profile

8.资源限制（各节点） soft hard soft hard soft vi /etc/security/limits.conf oracle oracle oracle oracle oracle grid grid grid grid grid soft hard soft hard soft 2047 16384 nproc nproc nofile 1024 nofile 65536 10240 stack 2047 nproc nproc 16384 nofile 1024 nofile 65536 stack 10240

9.配置 Linux 内核参数 vim /etc/sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 131858432 kernel.shmmax = 220200960000 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 sysctl –p 10.修改 pam 登陆验证模块（各节点） vim /etc/pam.d/login session required pam_limits.so 11.修改/etc/profile 文件（各节点） vim /etc/profile if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi

12.安装介质 [root@racdb1 software]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip [root@racdb1 software]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip [root@racdb1 software]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip 13.停用 NTP 服务(各节点) RAC 中的每个节点都需要有相同的时区，在安装过程中安装进程会自动识别安装用户使用的时区，并作为 RAC 所有节点的默认时间，也就是 database 和 ASM 的默认时间。配置时间同步有两个选项，一个是在操作系统层面配置 NTP，或者使用 Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service(OCTSS) OCTSS 是专门为无法访问 NTP 的情况下设计的，如果使用了 NTP，那么 OCTSS 进程(ctssd)将会启动在遵守 observer 模式，如果没有使用 NTP 的话那么 OCTSS 进程(ctssd)将会启动在激活 active 模式，并且使用的是集群内部的时间，与外界时间没有任何关系注意：在 Oracle Grid Infrastructure 开始安装之前，就要保证所有节点上的时间是相同的如果在节点上存在 NTP 进程，但是无法通过它来同步时间，从而使用 OCTSS 来进行时间的同步，那么需要停用和卸载 NTP 停用 NTP 服务进程，必须停止已经存在的 ntpd 服务，从初始化队列中禁用它，并且移除 ntp.conf 文件，停用 NTP 的过程需要使用 root 用户 # systemctl is-enable ntpdate.service # systemctl disable ntpdate.service mv /etc/ntp.config /etc/ntp.conf.bak （我这里没有，我就没管它） rm /var/run/ntpd.pid 14.配置互信方法一：在 OUI 中完成方法二：使用脚本配置此处用方法二吧！ [root@racdb1 software]# su - grid Last login: Fri Apr 10 14:58:36 CST 2020 on pts/1 [grid@racdb1 ~]$ cd /oracle/software/grid/sshsetup/ [grid@racdb1 sshsetup]$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "racdb1 racdb2" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase The output of this script is also logged into /tmp/sshUserSetup_2020-04-10-16-08-39.log

Hosts are racdb1 racdb2 user is grid Platform:- Linux Checking if the remote hosts are reachable PING racdb1 (192.168.0.26) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from racdb1 (192.168.0.26): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms 64 bytes from racdb1 (192.168.0.26): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms 64 bytes from racdb1 (192.168.0.26): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.051 ms 64 bytes from racdb1 (192.168.0.26): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms 64 bytes from racdb1 (192.168.0.26): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms --- racdb1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 3999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.032/0.047/0.052/0.011 ms PING racdb2 (192.168.0.27) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from racdb2 (192.168.0.27): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.441 ms 64 bytes from racdb2 (192.168.0.27): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.525 ms 64 bytes from racdb2 (192.168.0.27): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.375 ms 64 bytes from racdb2 (192.168.0.27): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.328 ms 64 bytes from racdb2 (192.168.0.27): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.396 ms --- racdb2 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.328/0.413/0.525/0.066 ms Remote host reachability check succeeded. The following hosts are reachable: racdb1 racdb2. The following hosts are not reachable: . All hosts are reachable. Proceeding further... firsthost racdb1 numhosts 2 The script will setup SSH connectivity from the host racdb1 to all the remote hosts. After the script is executed, the user can use SSH to run commands on the remote hosts or copy files between this host racdb1 and the remote hosts without being prompted for passwords or confirmations. NOTE 1: As part of the setup procedure, this script will use ssh and scp to copy files between the local host and the remote hosts. Since the script does not store passwords, you may be prompted for the passwords during the execution of the script whenever ssh or scp is invoked. NOTE 2: AS PER SSH REQUIREMENTS, THIS SCRIPT WILL SECURE THE USER HOME DIRECTORY AND THE .ssh DIRECTORY BY REVOKING GROUP AND WORLD WRITE PRIVILEDGES TO THESE

directories. Do you want to continue and let the script make the above mentioned changes (yes/no)? yes /home/grid/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to The user chose yes User chose to skip passphrase related questions. Creating .ssh directory on local host, if not present already Creating authorized_keys file on local host Changing permissions on authorized_keys to 644 on local host Creating known_hosts file on local host Changing permissions on known_hosts to 644 on local host Creating config file on local host If a config file exists already at /home/grid/.ssh/config.backup. Removing old private/public keys on local host Running SSH keygen on local host with empty passphrase Generating public/private rsa key pair. Your identification has been saved in /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:seY934bChsODSvqAa3E4aA9eZ5QqeyCgBDFrKVQp/uw grid@racdb1 The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 1024]----+ |oo... |o+.. |=o. |+o |= + o S |+X * o o . |= & + o.oo . | = E | |o o.o. | +----[SHA256]-----+ Creating .ssh directory and setting permissions on remote host racdb1 THE SCRIPT WOULD ALSO BE REVOKING WRITE PERMISSIONS FOR group AND others ON THE HOME DIRECTORY FOR grid. THIS IS AN SSH REQUIREMENT. The script would create ~grid/.ssh/config file on remote host racdb1. If a config file exists already at ~grid/.ssh/config, it would be backed up to ~grid/.ssh/config.backup. The user may be prompted for a password here since the script would be running SSH on host racdb1. Warning: Permanently added 'racdb1,192.168.0.26' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. grid@racdb1's password: Done with creating .ssh directory and setting permissions on remote host racdb1. . = +o... + .... | | | | | | . . o o |

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Oracle11204+RAC+ASM+Centos7.docx

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