2005 年上海华东师范大学自然地理学考研真题 一、名词解释∶（每题 4 分，共 40 分） 1. 沉积岩 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2.环太平洋地震带 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3.火山地貌 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4.海蚀地貌 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5.气溶胶 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 6. 海陆风 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 7.地转偏向力 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 8. 潮汐现象 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 9.厄尔尼诺和南方涛动 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 10. 热带雨林生物群落 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 二、 简答题∶（每题 10 分，共 50 分） 1. 举出几种主要温室气体并简述温室效应。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 

2. 水圈中的陆地水主要由哪几部分组成?并简述其主要特点。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3. 大气环流对高低纬之间的能量传输机制。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4. 河口分段和主要动力作用。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5. 生态系统的物质循环规律。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 三、综述题∶（每题 20 分，共 60 分） 1. 地球表层自然环境干湿度地域分异规律，并举例说明。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2. 三角洲形成发育的条件，并举例说明人类活动对其影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________________ 3. 论述土壤发育过程中水、气候、生物和岩石的作用与影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________