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An IEEE Press Classic Reissue FOUNDATIONS FOR MICROWAVE ENGINEERING SECOND EDITION

IEEE PRESSSERIESON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory consists of new titles as well as reprintings and revisions of recognized classics that maintain long-term archival significance in electromagnetic waves and applications. Series Editor Donald G. Dudley University ofArizona Advisory Board Robert E. Collin Case Western Reserve University Akira Ishimaru University of Washington D. S. Jones University of Dundee Associate Editors ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION Ehud Heyman Tel-Aviv University INTEGRAL EQUATION METHODS Donald R. Wilson University ofHouston DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION METHODS Andreas C. Cangellaris University ofArizona ANTENNAS, PROPAGATION, AND MICROWAVES David R. Jackson University ofHouston BOOKS IN THE IEEE PRESS SERIES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY Christopoulos, C., The Transmission-Line Modeling Methods: TLM Clemmow, P C., The Plane Wave Spectrum Representation of Electromagnetic Fields Collin, R. E., Field Theory of Guided Waves, Second Edition Collin, R. E., Foundations for Microwave Engineering, Second Edition Dudley, D. G., Mathematical Foundations for Electromagnetic Theory Elliot, R. S., Electromagnetics: History, Theory, and Applications Felsen, L. B., and Marcuvitz, N., Radiation and Scattering of Waves Harrington, R. F., Field Computation by Moment Methods Hansen et aI., Plane-Wave Theory of Time-Domain Fields: Near-Field Scanning Applications Ishimaru, A., Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media Jones, D. S., Methods in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Second Edition Lindell, I. V., Methods for Electromagnetic Field Analysis Peterson et al., Computational Methods for Electromagnetics Tai, c. T., Generalized Vector and Dyadic Analysis: Applied Mathematics in Field Theory Tai, C. T., Dyadic Green Functions in Electromagnetic Theory, Second Edition Van Bladel, 1., Singular Electromagnetic Fields and Sources Volakis et aI., Finite Element Method for Electromagnetics: Antennas, Microwave Circuits, and Scattering Applications Wait, J., Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media

An IEEE Press Classic Reissue FOUNDATIONS FOR MICROWAVE ENGINEERING SECOND EDITION --"'.------- IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory Robert E. Collin Professor ofElectrical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OR IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society, Sponsor IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, Sponsor +IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.,New York ffiWILEY ~INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION

© 2001 THE INSTITU'TE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, INC. 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997 Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: permcoordinator@wiley.com. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 ISBN 0-7803-6031-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Collin, Robert E. Foundations for microwave engineering / Robert E. Collin.-- 2nd ed. p. em. - (IEEE Press series on electromagnetic wave theory) Originally published: New York: McGraw Hill, c1992. "An IEEE Press classic reissue." Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7803-6031-1 1. Microwave devices. I. Title. II. Series. TK7876 .C645 2000 621.381 '3--dc21 00-053874

FOREWORD TO THE REISSUED EDITION The purpose of the IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory is to publish books of long-term archival significance in electromagnetics. Included are new titles as well as reprints and revisions of recognized classics. The book Foundations for Micro wave Engineering, by Robert E. Collin, is by any measure such a classic. The original edition of the book appeared in 1966 and remained in print until the appearance of the second edition in 1992, a span of 26 years. In the second edition, Professor Collin completely updated and modernized his book to include the many advances that had occurred in microwave engineering since the appearance of the original edition. That the second edition has gone out of print has caused concern among many of my colleagues in the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (APS) and the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT). We at the IEEE Press are delighted to be able to overcome this difficulty by introducing a reprint of the second edition into our Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory. The book is a thorough and in-depth exposition on microwave engineering. Furthermore, it will make an excellent companion to Professor Collin's book, Field Theory ofGuided Waves, also included in the series. Professor Collin has been a valued colleague for many years. He is the author or coauthor of five books and more than 150 technical papers. His contributions to electromagnetics span a wide range of subjects and have brought him international re spect and many awards. Among these are election to the National Academy of Engineer ing, the IEEE Electromagnetics FieldAward, the IEEE/APS Distinguished Career Award, an IEEE/APS Schelkunoff Prize Paper Award, and the IEEE Third Millennium Medal. It is with pleasure that I welcome this book into the series. Donald G. Dudley University ofArizona Series Editor IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory

IEEE Press 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 IEEE Press Editorial Board Robert J. Herrick, Editor in Chief M.Akay J. B. Anderson ~ M. Anderson J. E. Brewer M.Eden M. E. El-Hawary R. F. Hoyt S. V. Kartalopoulos D. Kirk M.S. Newman M.Padgett W.O. Reeve G. Zobrist Kenneth Moore, Director ofIEEE Press Catherine Faduska, Senior Acquisitions Editor Linda Matarazzo, Associate Acquisitions Editor Marilyn G. Catis, Marketing Manager Mark Morrell, Associate Production Editor IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society, Sponsor AP-S Liaison to IEEE Press, Robert Mailloux IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, Sponsor MTT-S Liaison to IEEE Press, Karl Varian Cover design: William T. Donnelly, WT Design

CONTENTS Preface Introduction 1 1.1 Microwave Frequencies 1.2 Microwave Applications 1.3 Microwave Circuit Elements and Analysis References Constitutive Relations Static Fields 2 Electromagnetic Theory 2.1 Maxwell's Equations 2.2 2.3 2.4 Wave Equation 2.5 2.6 2.7 Energy and Power Boundary Conditions Plane Waves Plane Waves in Free Space Reflection from a Dielectric Interface 1. Parallel Polarization 2. Perpendicular Polarization Reflection from a Conducting Plane Potential Theory 2.8 2.9 2.10 *2.11 Derivation of Solution for Vector Potential 2.12 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem Problems References 3 Transmission Lines and Waveguides Part 1 Waves on Transmission Lines 3.1 Waves on An Ideal Transmission Line 3.2 Terminated Transmission Line: Resistive Load xv 1 1 3 6 16 17 17 23 28 31 33 39 44 44 49 49 52 53 56 59 62 65 70 71 72 72 78 vii

viii CONTENTS Capacitive Termination Steady-State Sinusoidal Waves 3.3 3.4 3.5 Waves on a Lossy Transmission Line 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 Loss-Free Transmission Line Low-Loss Transmission Line Terminated Transmission Line: Sinusoidal Waves Terminated Lossy Line Part 2 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines Classification of Wave Solutions TEM Waves TE Waves TM Waves Transmission Lines (Field Analysis) Lossless Transmission Line Transmission Line with Small Losses Transmission-Line Parameters Inhomogeneously Filled Parallel-Plate Transmission Line Low-Frequency Solution High-Frequency Solution Planar Transmission Lines 3.11 3.12 Microstrip Transmission Line Low-Frequency Solutions Microstrip Attenuation High-Frequency Properties of Microstrip Lines Attenuation Coupled Microstrip Lines Strip Transmission Lines Attenuation Coupled Strip Lines Coplanar Transmission Lines Attenuation High-Frequency Dispersion Part 3 Rectangular and Circular Waveguides Rectangular Waveguide TE Waves Power Attenuation Dominant TE 10 Mode TM Modes Circular Waveguides TM Modes TE Modes 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Wave Velocities Phase Velocity Group Velocity Energy- FloV\T Velocity Ridge Waveguide Fin Line Problems References 3.20 3.21 82 85 86 88 89 89 94 96 96 99 100 102 104 104 108 112 117 121 123 125 130 136 153 158 163 164 170 171 173 175 178 180 180 181 182 186 187 190 193 194 194 196 198 199 200 204 205 208 210 219

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