2000 年上海华东师范大学世界当代史及生态学考研真题 世界当代史 一·名词解释（每题 5 分，共 40 分） 苏加诺 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 曼德拉 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 巴勒斯坦解放组织 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 阿英马岛之战 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 遏制战略 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 

北大西洋公约组织 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 苏共二十大 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 团结工会 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 二·问答题（任选二题，每题 30 分，共 60 分） 1.简述克什来尔问题的由来并谈谈该问题对南亚地区形势和经济发展所造成的影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.简析 70 年代资本主义经济危机的成因和特点，并以美国为例，指出 80 年代以来资本主 义经济发展的新趋势。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.以海湾战争和科索沃战争为视角，分析冷战后世界格局的走向及其特征。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 生态学 一、名词解释（每题 3 分，共 30 分） 生态型 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 协同进化 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 生态入侵 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 演替 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 群落排序 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 

生态位 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 食物链初级生产力 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 负载量（CaryingCapacity） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 同资源种团（Guild） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 二、问答题（共 70 分） A.必答题（10 分） 绘图说明生态系统能量流动的渠道和基本特点（15 分）。 B.选答题（任选 4 题，每题 15 分） 1.试论 Logistic 种群增长模型中各参数的生物学意义及该模型的适用性和局限性。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.试分析野生生物管理应遵循的生态学原则。 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.试述捕食对群落结构的影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4.比较三种演替理论模型的异同点。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 5.试论 "冷血 生物 一温 血生 物（ Cold-bloodvsWarm-blood））"∶"同温 生物 一异 温生 物 （HomeothermvsPoikilotherm）"∶"内热生物一外热生物（ectothermvsendotherm）"三对 术语的含义及适用范围。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________