最新版本2.1.6版本PSAT说明书.pdf

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I Outlines

Introduction

Overview

PSAT vs. Other Matlab Toolboxes

Outlines of the Full PSAT Documentation

Users

Getting Started

Download

Requirements

Installation

Launching PSAT

Loading Data

Running the Program

Displaying Results

Saving Results

Settings

Network Design

Tools

Interfaces

Notation

General rules

Frequent variables, functions and parameters

News

Version 2

News in version 2.1.6

News in version 2.1.5

News in version 2.1.4

News in version 2.1.3

News in version 2.1.2

News in version 2.1.1

News in version 2.1.0

News in version 2.0.0

Version 1

News in version 1.3.4

News in version 1.3.3

News in version 1.3.2

News in version 1.3.1

News in version 1.3.0

News in version 1.2.2

News in version 1.2.1

News in version 1.2.0

News in version 1.1.0

News in version 1.0.1

II Routines

Power Flow

Power Flow Solvers

Newton-Raphson's Method

Fast Decoupled Power Flow

Distributed Slack Bus Model

Other Power Flow Solvers

Initialization of State Variables

Settings

Example

Bifurcation Analysis

Direct Methods

Saddle-Node Bifurcation

Limit Induced Bifurcation

Continuation Power Flow

Predictor Step

Corrector Step

N-1 Contingency Analysis

Graphical User Interface and Settings

Examples

Optimal Power Flow

Interior Point Method

OPF Routines

Maximization of the Social Benefit

Maximization of the Distance to Collapse

Multi-Objective Optimization

Lagrangian Function

OPF Settings

Example

Small Signal Stability Analysis

Example

Power Flow Sensitivity Analysis

Example

Graphical User Interface

Time Domain Simulation

Integration Methods

Forward Euler's Method

Trapezoidal Method

Settings

Output Variable Selection

Snapshots

Disturbances

Examples

PMU Placement

Linear Static State Estimation

PMU Placement Rules

Algorithms

Depth First

Graph Theoretic Procedure

Bisecting Search Method

Recursive Security N Algorithm

Single Shot Security N Algorithm

Recursive and Single-Shot Security N-1 Algorithms

PMU Placement GUI and Settings

Example

III Models

Generalities

General Device Model

Common Properties

Common Methods

Power Flow Data

Bus

Transmission Line

Transformer

Two-Winding Transformer

Three-Winding Transformer

Slack and v Generator

PV Generator

PQ Load

PQ Generator

Shunt

Area & Region

CPF and OPF Data

Generator Supply

Generator Reserve

Generator Power Ramp

Load Demand

Demand Profile

Load Ramp

Faults & Breakers

Fault

Breaker

Measurements

Bus Frequency Measurement

Phasor Measurement Unit

Loads

Voltage Dependent Load

ZIP Load

Frequency Dependent Load

Voltage Dependent Load with Dynamic Tap Changer

Exponential Recovery Load

Thermostatically Controlled Load

Jimma's Load

Mixed Load

Remarks on Non-conventional Loads

Machines

Synchronous Machine

Order II

Order III

Order IV

Order V, Type 1

Order V, Type 2

Order V, Type 3

Order VI

Order VIII

Center of Inertia

Induction Machine

Order I

Order III (single cage)

Order V (double cage)

Controls

Turbine Governor

TG Type I

TG Type II

Automatic Voltage Regulator

AVR Type I

AVR Type II

AVR Type III

Power System Stabilizer

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV and V

Over Excitation Limiter

Secondary Voltage Control

Power Oscillation Damper

Regulating Transformers

Under Load Tap Changer

Phase Shifting Transformer

FACTS

SVC

TCSC

STATCOM

SSSC

UPFC

HVDC

Wind Turbines

Wind Models

Weibull's Distribution

Composite Wind Model

Mexican Hat Wavelet Model

Measurement Data

Wind Turbines

Constant Speed Wind Turbine

Doubly Fed Induction Generator

Direct Drive Synchronous Generator

Other Models

Dynamic Shaft

Sub-synchronous Resonance Model

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

IV CAD

Network Design

Simulink Library

Extracting Data from Simulink Models

Displaying Results in Simulink Models

Examples

Block Usage

Block Connections

Standard Blocks

Nonstandard Blocks

Buses

Links

Breakers

Power Supplies and Demands

Generator Ramp

Generator Reserves

Non-conventional Loads

Synchronous Machines

Primary Regulators

Secondary Voltage Regulation

Under Load Tap Changers

SVCs & STATCOMs

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Dynamic Shafts

Block Masks

Blocks vs. Global Structures

Editing Block Masks

Mask Initialization

Mask Icon

Mask Documentation

Syntax of Mask Parameter Names

Remarks on Creating Custom Blocks

V Tools

Data Format Conversion

Utilities

Command History

3D Temperature Map

Advanced Settings

Sparse Matrix Visualization

Themes

Text Viewer

Benchmarks

Command Line Usage

Basics

Advanced Usage

Command Line Options

Example

PSAT on GNU Octave

Setting up PSAT for Running on GNU Octave

How does the conversion work?

Basic Commands

Plot Variables

VI Interfaces

GAMS Interface

Getting Started

GAMS Solvers

PSAT-GAMS Interface

PSAT-GAMS Models

Multi-period Market Clearing Model

Notation

Model Equations and Constraints

Example

UWPFLOW Interface

Getting Started

Graphical User Interface

Limitations and ToDos

Example

VII Libraries

Linear Analysis

Description

Example

Numerical Differentiation

VIII Appendices

Global Structures & Classes

General Settings

Other Settings

System Properties and Settings

Outputs and Variable Names

Models

Command Line Usage

Interfaces

Classes

Matlab Functions

Other Files and Folders

Third Party Matlab Code

Power System Software

Test System Data

3-bus Test System

6-bus Test System

9-bus Test System

14-bus Test System

FAQs

Getting Started

Simulink Library

Power Flow

Optimal & Continuation Power Flow

Time Domain Simulation

Data Conversion

Interfaces

PSAT Forum

Citations & Links

Books

Ph.D. Dissertations

Journals

Conference Proceedings

Web-pages

Letters of Reference

GNU General Public License

Bibliography

PSAT Power System Analysis Toolbox Documentation for PSAT version 2.1.6, June 2, 2011 Federico Milano

Ai miei genitori

Foreword PSAT is a Matlab toolbox for static and dynamic analysis of electric power sys- tems. The PSAT project began in September 2001, while I was a Ph.D. candidate at the Universit´a degli Studi di Genova, Italy. The ﬁrst public version date back to November 2002, when I was a Visiting Scholar at the University of Waterloo, Canada. I am currently maintaining PSAT in the spare time, while I am working as associate professor at the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. PSAT is provided free of charge, in the hope it can be useful and other people can use and improve it, but please be aware that this toolbox comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type warranty at the Matlab prompt. PSAT is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. Refer to the GNU General Public License (GPL) in Appendix K for details. The Cathedral of Milan took almost six hundreds years to be completed, from 1386 to 1965. After that, renovations began. In Italy, when we wants to say that a project never ends, we say that it is like the Cathedral of Milan. PSAT is my personal tiny cathedral dome. Features, classes and data formats can be partially or completely changed in future versions. Please visit often my web-page in order to get the last version: http://www.uclm.es/area/gsee/Web/Federico/psat.htm If you ﬁnd bugs, have comments or want to give your suggestions, please send me an e-mail at: Federico.Milano@uclm.es You can also subscribe to the PSAT Forum, which is available at: http://groups.yahoo.com/groups/psatforum

Acknowledgments I wish to thank very much Prof. Claudio Ca˜nizares for his invaluable help, teachings and advises. Thanks also for providing me a web-page and a link to my software in the main web-page of the E&CE Department, University of Waterloo, Canada. Many thanks to the moderators of the PSAT Forum: Tamer Abdelazim, Igor Kop- cak, Juan Carlos Morataya, Raul Rabinovici, Ivo ˇSmon, Luigi Vanfretti, and Zhen Wang. Thanks to Hugo M. Ayres, Marcelo S. Castro, Alberto Del Rosso, Igor Kopcak, Lars Lindgren, Juan Carlos Morataya, and Luigi Vanfretti for their relevant con- tributions, corrections and bug ﬁxes.

Contents I Outlines 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 PSAT vs. Other Matlab Toolboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Outlines of the Full PSAT Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Getting Started 2.1 Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Launching PSAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Loading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Running the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Displaying Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Saving Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Network Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12 Interfaces 3 Notation 3.1 General rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Frequent variables, functions and parameters 4 News 4.1 Version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1 News in version 2.1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2 News in version 2.1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.3 News in version 2.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.4 News in version 2.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.5 News in version 2.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.6 News in version 2.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.7 News in version 2.1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.8 News in version 2.0.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1 3 3 6 6 7 9 9 9 10 11 12 12 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 23

viii CONTENTS 4.2 Version 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 News in version 1.3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2 News in version 1.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3 News in version 1.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.4 News in version 1.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.5 News in version 1.3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.6 News in version 1.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.7 News in version 1.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.8 News in version 1.2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.9 News in version 1.1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.10 News in version 1.0.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II Routines 5 Power Flow 5.1 Power Flow Solvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 Newton-Raphson’s Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 Fast Decoupled Power Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.3 Distributed Slack Bus Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.4 Other Power Flow Solvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Initialization of State Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.5 5.2 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Bifurcation Analysis 6.1 Direct Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1 Saddle-Node Bifurcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.2 Limit Induced Bifurcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Continuation Power Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.1 Predictor Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.2 Corrector Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.3 N − 1 Contingency Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.4 Graphical User Interface and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Examples 7 Optimal Power Flow 7.1 Interior Point Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 OPF Routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1 Maximization of the Social Beneﬁt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2 Maximization of the Distance to Collapse . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.3 Multi-Objective Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4 Lagrangian Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 OPF Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 29 31 31 31 32 33 34 34 35 37 47 48 48 48 49 49 51 52 53 54 61 61 62 62 62 64 65 65 66

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