2016年浙江宁波大学二外英语考研真题.doc

发布时间：2022-09-19 发布人：admin 分类：说明书资料大小：0.10M 资料格式：doc 举报版权申诉

第1页 / 共7页

第2页 / 共7页

第3页 / 共7页

第4页 / 共7页

第5页 / 共7页

第6页 / 共7页

第7页 / 共7页

文本预览

2016 年浙江宁波大学二外英语考研真题 peers heated while educators big another between debate obedient Western established visits or contrast foreigners assessment Part I: Cloze Test (30%) Section A Directions: Read the passage carefully, fill in each blank with an appropriate word given below and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20%) Which such that advocating A recent BBC documentary, which filmed an experiment in which five Chinese teachers taught 50 students according to Chinese-style education norms at a school in the United Kingdom, has sparked a __1 online debate on whether Chinese or Western methods are better. But 2 a debate is not new, despite the talk of a cultural clash. The West has for long promoted small classes 3 focus on students' individuality and differences, emphasize student-teacher interactions and attach great importance to cultivating students' independence, creativity and ability to communicate. In 4 , classes in China are 5 (that is, they have many students), in which teachers are the center, and emphasize uniformity, discipline and teachers' authority. Chinese teaching methods focus on students' diligence, obedience and (for want of a better term) ability to imitate. The latest online 6 has again raised the question: Which teaching method is better, the Chinese or the Western? For long, most Chinese people and 7 have taken it for granted that the Western education model is superior to the Chinese. But with the rise of China, especially after Shanghai students' excellent performance in the Program for International Student Assessment over the past years, Western governments and 8 have become less certain about the efficacy of their teaching methods. The fact that students nurtured under the Chinese education model can be equal to or better than their Western 9 has highlighted the advantages of the China's education model. In particular, the British secretary of education's visit to China to review the Chinese teaching methods and some Chinese teachers' 10 to the UK to provide "educational aid" seem to be a shot in the arm for the Chinese education model. Many Chinese now believe China's basic education system lays a more solid foundation for students compared with its 11 counterparts. The main reason for 12 is most of the Chinese students who go to Western countries for higher education perform excellently despite having to follow Western curricula, 13 Western students usually find it difficult to cope with China's teaching methods. Media reports say the BBC will use a third party to assess how competent students traveling either way are in mathematics, science, English and Chinese before determining which education model is more useful for students, the Chinese 14 the Western. But such comparison and 15 are unscientific. A country uses a teaching method only as a tool used to realize a specific social

purpose, and thus comparisons 16 the Chinese and Western education models are uncalled for. Before comparing one education model with 17 , researchers and analysts should consider the different functions different teaching methods are supposed to perform in their respective social context. China's education model is more suited to its social demands; the same applies to the Western model. Despite the Chinese government 18 the cultivation of creative talents, many Chinese still want people to be obedient to their parents, teachers and senior officials. As a result, China's educationmodel continues to focus on the sanctity（尊严）of texts and rules. In China, students are expected to be observant but 19 . But the Western model focuses on cultivating students' creativity, and encourages them to criticize 20 views and defend their stance. As such, both the Chinese and Western education models have succeeded in developing the qualities in students that suit their social demands. Therefore, the aim of a comparative study of Chinese and Western education models should be to promote mutual reference and combine the two into an organic whole that would benefit both teaching methods. Section B Direction: Read the following passage carefully, and fill in each blank with an appropriate word to achieve cohesion and coherence of the context. (10%) This year’s UN climate 1 is kicking off right now at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha. It encompasses the 18th Conference of the Parties (COP18) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 8th Meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP8). Over the next two weeks, nearly 200 nations are seeking to extent a flagging UN-led plan to fight 2 change into 2013. About 17,000 people including delegates and visitors are in attendance, making it Doha’s largest ever conference. Delegates are looking for a way to extend the Kyoto Protocol, 3 is the only legally binding U.N. plan for cutting emissions by developed 4 . It’s not going to be an easy task given the global economic slowdown and the loss of backing from Russia, Japan and Canada. The meeting will also seek to lay the groundwork for a new pact for 2020. This agreement would bind all nations - not just the rich - to curb emissions. The effects of climate change are becoming more apparent than ever, with floods, droughts, heat waves, the melting Arctic ice caps and rising sea levels. A U.N. study released last week said that rising greenhouse gas 5 indicated that global temperatures are on course to 6 between 3 and 5 degrees Celsius. That would have a catastrophic effect 7 water and food supplies. A UN conference two years ago saw states agree to try and limit the temperature rises to no more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial times. But despite this commitment, greenhouse gas levels hit record highs in 2011, despite a world economic 8 . For many, the 1997 Kyoto pact still offers the best hope of fighting climate change. It binds developed nations to cut greenhouse gas emissions to an average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels ____9___ the years 2008 and 2012. But with many countries reluctant to continue into the second commitment period, Kyoto backers are down to a core group led by the European Union and Australia.

Together, they account for less than 15 percent of world emissions. These countries say it’s pointless to extend cuts under Kyoto when big emerging nations, led by China, India, Brazil and South Africa, are under no obligation to curb their emissions. The United States never ratified （批准）Kyoto, for similar reasons. 10 nations and Kyoto backers say it is vital that the rich countries lead the way towards a new world-wide accord. That’s due to be negotiated by the end of 2015 and to enter into force in 2020. Part II: Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,Ｂ, C andＤ. You should decide on the best choice and put it in the Answer Sheet. Passage One A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible. For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All. Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely “yes,” although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion. Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solutions, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty. A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity touse aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective. 1. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can _________. A. free countries from foreign rules B. speed up social progress C. give people freedom D. liberate people from any exploitation 2. Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ________ by 2015. A. get all the world’s children to complete primary school

B. enroll all the world’s children into primary school C. give quality education to people of 88 countries D. support those committed to transforming their education systems 3. ________ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates. A. 32 B. 59 C. 29 D. 88 4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy? A. Raising the efficiency of education systems. B. Improving the quality of education. C. Using information technologies. D. Building more primary schools. 5. As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid ________. A. may not be highly effective B. is provided only when some criteria are met C. alone makes development possible D. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind Passage Two Although the Constitution organized the American states into what was then the largest free-trade zone in the world, geographical constraints sorely inhibited trade and commerce. Enormous physical obstacles and great distances divided the republic. Henry Adams wrote, “No civilized country had yet been required to deal with physical difficulties so serious, nor did experience warrant the conviction that such difficulties could be overcome.” From colonial times to the beginning of the 19th century, the movement of goods from the places of the production to the points of sale continued to be a major problem for merchants and consumers alike. Throughout much of the nation, goods were transported by water from coastal port to coastal port and along navigable rivers and streams. Some freight moved over primitive, rutted (有车辙的) roads, but in many areas the absence of roads meant that commodities could be transported only by pack horse. The cost of shipping items in such fashion often exceeded their value. Conditions for travelers were equally as bad. A 5-day trip north from Philadelphia would take a traveler only as far as Connecticut. The political and economic leaders of the country recognized the obstacles to commerce that distance and geographical barriers presented. Entrepreneurs and politicians proposed many internal development schemes to improve transportation. In most instances these involved local and state improvements, and the projects called invariably for the expenditure of substantial amounts of capital. 6. Which statement most accurately relates the main idea of this passage? A. The U.S. Constitution was responsible for restriction on business during colonial times. B. The size and physical nature of the U.S. prevented the expansion of trade and commerce from colonial times to the early 1800’s. C. Businessmen and politicians were successful in their attempts to improve

transportation. D. Transportation projects were extremely expensive before 1800. 7. The quote from Henry Adams implies, but does not directly state, that _________. A. the U.S. was the first civilized country with physical difficulties B. the Americans believed that they could overcome their physical difficulties C. many Americans doubted that geographical constraints could be overcome D. Henry Adams was opposed to the expansion of trade and commerce 8. Which of the following statements is not true? A. It was more expensive to ship items by water than by land. B. Shipping items by water was less costly than shipping by land. C. The cost of shipping items by pack horse was frequently more expensive than the goods which were being supplied. D. Pack horses were necessary in areas where there were no roads. 9. Traveling was _________. A. much easier than shipping B. more difficult than shipping C. just as difficult as shipping D. necessary if you wanted to buy goods 10. The passage implies, but does not directly state that __________. A. transportation problem prior to 1800 caused many businessmen to give up B. improvement of trade and commerce in early U.S. history required hard work and imagination by entrepreneurs and businessmen C. small countries have fewer economic problems than big countries D. big countries with no geographic constraints have few commercial problems PassageThree It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crisis; that they talk too much about certain problems; and they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their parents with choices in clothes and hairstyle, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music of entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste. Sometimes you are resistant and proud, because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are the underdog: you can’t win but at least you can keep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents’ control. But it ignores the fact you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control your life, cooperation can be part of that plan. You can charm

others, especially your parents, into doing things the ways you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do. 11. The author is primarily addressing ________. A. parents and teachers B. newspaper readers C. those who give advice to teenagers D. teenagers 12. The first paragraph is mainly about _________. A. the teenagers’ criticism of their parents B. misunderstanding between teenagers and their parents C. the dominance of the parents over their children D. the teenagers’ ability to deal with crisis 13. Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyle because they _______. A. want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own B. have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste C. have no other way to enjoy themselves better D. want to irritate their parents 14. Teenagers do not want their parents to approve of whatever they do because they _______. A. have already been accepted into the adult world B. feel that they are superior in a small way to the adults C. are not likely to win over the adults D. have a desire to be independent 15. To improve the parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be ________. A. obedient B. responsible C. cooperative D. independent Part III. Translation (25%) Section A Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese (15%) Companies wishing to perform better and cut their risk of bankruptcy should have more female directors on their board of directors. Women's abilities to make fair decisions when competing interests are at stake make them better corporate leaders, researchers have found. A survey of more than 600 board directors showed that women are more likely to consider the rights of others and take a cooperative approach to decision-making. This approach translates into better performance for their companies. The study, published this week in the International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, also found that male directors prefer to make decisions using rules, regulations and traditional ways of doing business. Female directors, on the other hand, are less constrained by these parameters and more prepared to use initiative than male colleagues. In addition, female directors - who, globally, make up around nine percent of corporate boards – are significantly more inclined to make decisions by taking the interests of multiple stakeholders into account in order to arrive at a fair decision. They also tend to use cooperation, collaboration and consensus-building more often - and more effectively - in order to make sound decisions. The findings show that having women on the board is no longer just the right thing but also the smart thing

to do. Companies with few female directors may actually be shortchanging their investors. Section B Directions: Translate the following Chinese text into English (10%) 一项研究发现，晚婚在财政上对女性有利，但对男性却不利。美国弗吉尼亚大学发布了一篇研究报告称，受过大学教育的女性如果在三十多岁时结婚，收入平均比那些在二十多岁时就结婚的女性高出 56%。与此相反，二十多岁就结婚的男性比那些到三十岁后才结婚的男性收入更高，无论受教育程度如何。研究指出，美国人平均结婚年龄达到了史上最高——女性 27 岁，男性 29 岁。相比之下， 199 年的平均结婚年龄为女性 23 岁，男性 26 岁。尽管女性确实能从晚婚中得到经济利益，但早婚的男性通常日后会更成功。 Part IV. Writing (15%) Directions: Write an essay of around 160 words based on the following cartoon about Care for the Elders In your essay, you should describe the picture briefly; explain its intended meaning; and give your comments.

分享到：

赞收藏

资料库

2016年浙江宁波大学二外英语考研真题.doc

相关推荐

考研

热门标签

最新资料