2017吉林考研英语二真题及答案.doc

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2017 吉林考研英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points） People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different， with academics， writers， and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessness： Without jobs to give their lives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ， today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression， double the rate for 7 Americans. Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality， mental-health problems， and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work designed with other would be filled with unease . Such visions are based on the unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the a society 14 circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today， the a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy， and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. strikingly different 15 of work may be 12 of being 13 of work， ends in mind could These days， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers， people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work， I often feel says， adding， “In a world in which I don’t have to work， I might feel rather different” — perhaps different enough to throw himself project with the intensity usually reserved for 19 a hobby or a passion 18 ，” Danaher 20 matters. 17 of their 1.[A] boasting[B] denying[C] warning[D] ensuring[答案][C] warning 2.[A] inequality[B] instability[C] unreliability[D] uncertainty[答案][A] inequality 3.[A] policy[B]guideline[C] resolution[D] prediction[答案][D] prediction 4.[A] characterized [B]divided[C] balanced[D]measured[答案][A] characterized 5.[A] wisdom[B] meaning[C] glory[D] freedom[答案][B] meaning 6.[A] Instead[B] Indeed[C] Thus[D] Nevertheless[答案][B] Indeed

7.[A] rich[B] urban[C]working[D] educated [答案][C] working 8 . [A] explanation[B] requirement[C] compensation[D] substitute[答案][A] explanation 9.[A] under[B] beyond[C] alongside[D] among [答案][D] among 10.[A] leave behind[B] make up[C] worry about[D] set aside [答案][C] worry about 11. [A] statistically[B] occasionally[C] necessarily[D] economically [答案][C] necessarily 12.[A] chances[B] downsides[C] benefits[D] principles [答案][B] downsides 13.[A] absence[B] height[C] face[D] course [答案][A] absence 14.[A] disturb[B] restore[C] exclude[D] yield [答案][D] yield 15.[A] model[B] practice[C] virtue[D] hardship [答案][C] virtue 16.[A] tricky[B] lengthy[C] mysterious[D] scarce [答案][D] scarce 17.[A] demands[B] standards[C] qualities[D] threats [答案][A] demands 18.[A] ignored[B] tired[C] confused[D] starved [答案][B] tired 19.[A] off[B] against[C] behind[D] into [答案][D] into 20.[A] technological[B] professional[C] educational[D] interpersonal [答案][B] professional Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions： Read the following four texts . Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points） Text 1 Every Saturday morning， at 9 am， more than 50，000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free，staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents； their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday， it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter， healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise， by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012— but the general population was growing faster. falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children . “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to Worse， the numbers are now Parkun is not a race but a time trial： Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders， by contrast ， wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up： The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. Indeed， there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “ grassroots” ， concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government， it should really be getting involved in providing common goods— making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts， and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces， squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy， worthy strategies， future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive . worse. Or at least not make them According to Paragraph1， Parkrun has . [A] gained great popularity [B] created many jobs [C] strengthened community ties [D] become an official festival [答案][A] gained great popularity The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to . [A] boost population growth [B] promote sport participation [C] improve the city’s image [D] increase sport hours in schools [答案][B] promote sport participation Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it . [A] aims at discovering talents [B] focuses on mass competition [C] does not emphasize elitism [D] does not attract first-timers

[答案][C] does not emphasize elitism With regard to mass sport， the author holds that governments should . [A] organize “grassroots” sports events [B] supervise local sports associations [C] increase funds for sports clubs [D] invest in public sports facilities [答案][D] invest in public sports facilities The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is . [A] tolerant [B] critical [C] uncertain [D] sympathetic [答案][B] critical Text 2 With so much focus on children’s use of screens，it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in，”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play， “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement . bleed-over into the family routine. ” It makes it hard to disengage ， and leads to a lot of Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation， she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world， and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it， a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback ； The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’ s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times， but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child ’ s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need，” says Radesky. On the other hand， Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children： “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized， very white， very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30，000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower， do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents， he says， can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make

them feel happier， which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time. According to Jenny Radesky， digital products are designed to ______. [A] simplify routine matters [B] absorb user attention [C] better interpersonal relations [D] increase work efficiency [答案][B] absorb user attention Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______. [A] takes away babies’ appetite [B] distracts children’s attention [C] slows down babies’ verbal development [D] reduces mother-child communication [答案][D] reduces mother-child communication Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______. [A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions [B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange [C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood [D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs [答案][D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. [A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies [B] teach their kids at least 30，000 words a year [C] ensure constant interaction with their children [D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens [答案][C] ensure constant interaction with their children According to Tronick， kid’s use of screens may_______. [A] give their parents some free time [B] make their parents more creative [C] help them with their homework [D] help them become more attentive [答案][A] give their parents some free time Text 3 Today， widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all， if everyone you know is going to college in the fall， it seems silly to stay back a year， doesn’t it？ And after going to school for 12 years， it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic. But while this may be true， it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line，” whether that be toward graduate school， medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions， a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits — in fact ， it probably

enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who Rather than pulling students back， a gap year pushes them ahead by do not. preparing them for independence， new responsibilities and environmental changes — all things that first-year students often struggle with the most . experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being Gap year thrown into a brand new environment， making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders. If you’ re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests， then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics， nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising， considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications ， but switching to another after taking college classes . thing ， but depending on the school， it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College， for example， you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department . Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on. It ’ s not necessarily a bad One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that . [A] they think it academically misleading [B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college [C] it feels strange to do differently from others [D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses [答案][C] it feels strange to do differently from others Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps . [A] keep students from being unrealistic [B] lower risks in choosing careers [C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens [D] relieve freshmen of pressures [答案][D] relieve freshmen of pressures The word “acclimation” （Line 8， Para. 3） is closest in meaning to . [A] adaptation [B] application [C] motivation [D] competition [答案][A] adaptation

A gap year may save money for students by helping them . [A] avoid academic failures [B] establish long-term goals [C] switch to another college [D] decide on the right major

[答案][D] decide on the right major The most suitable title for this text would be . [A] In Favor of the Gap Year [B] The ABCs of the Gap Year [C] The Gap Year Comes Back [D] The Gap Year： A Dilemma [答案][A] In Favor of the Gap Year Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states， the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars， says Professor Max Moritz， a specialist in fire ecology and management. In 2015， the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires— nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect， fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency ’ s other work — such as forest conservation ， watershed and cultural resources management ， and infrastructure upkeep — that affect the lives of all Americans. Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it， how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire？ “It’ s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country，” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like， “Wait a minute， is this OK？” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape？” Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire， researchers say. For one thing， conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade， the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires. While climate is a key element，Moritz says，it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation. “ The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked， and the interactions go both ways，” he says. Failing to recognize that， he notes， leads to“an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.” At the same time， people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity， says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws， policies， and practices that make it as safe as possible， she says. “We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire，” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.” More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .

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