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2019年12月英语四级真题及答案第一套.doc
2019 年 12 月英语四级真题及答案
Writing
Part I
Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend
whowantstoteachEnglishinChina.Pleaserecommendacitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast
120 words but no more than 180 words.
(30 minutes)
【参考范文】
Dear，
I am delighted to hear that you are going to study in a Chinese university. Since
you have
asked for my advice about choosing which university I will try to give you some useful
suggestions here
It is well known that Peking University is a great place to lean. There are several
factors
accounting for this choice and the following are the most typical ones. First and
foremost,
Peking University is one of the top universities in China and the birthplace of many
great minds. Therefore, it can provide high-quality teaching resources, which is
essential for a foreign learner. In addition, Beijing is the capital of China and
there are various historic buildings. They provide foreign students to know Chinese
culture and history
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best！
Yours，
Li Ming
(25 minutes)
Listening Comprehension
Part Ⅱ
Section A
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,
youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespoken
only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single
line through the centre.
Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A)Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.
B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.
C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.
D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.
2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.
park’s zoo.
B) It found its way back to the
C) It became a great attraction for tourists.
D) It was sent to the animal control
department.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) It is the largest of its kind.
C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.
exhibition.
4. A)A collection of bird fossils from Australia.
fossil exhibits.
B) It is going to be expanded.
D)
staring
It
is
an
online
B) Photographs of certain rare
C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.
D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife
photo contest.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Pick up trash.
B) Amuse visitors.
D) Play with children.
C) Deliver messages.
6. A) They are especially intelligent.
C) They are quite easy to tame.
7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.
litter.
B) They are children’s favorite.
D) They are clean and pretty.
B) Children may be tempted to drop
C) Children may contract bird diseases.
D) Children may overfeed the rooks.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Boththe conversationand the questions willbe
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with
a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.
professors.
B) It will be hosted by famous
C) It will cover different areas of science.
D)
It
will
focus
on
recent
scientific discoveries.
9. A)It will be more futuristic.
C) It will be more entertaining.
10. A) People interested in science.
C) Children in their early teens.
11. A) Offer professional advice.
C) Help promote it on the Internet.
B) It will be more systematic.
D) It will be easier to understand.
B) Youngsters eager to explore.
D) Students majoring in science.
B) Provide financial support.
D) Make episodes for its first season.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Unsure.
Dissatisfied.
13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.
setbacks.
C) Concerned.
B) Helpless.
D)
B) He loses heart when faced with
C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.
D) He takes on projects beyond his
ability.
14. A) Embarrassed.
15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.
only.
B) Unconcerned.
C) Miserable.
D) Resentful.
B) Compare his present with his past
C) Always learn from others’ achievements.
D) Treat others the way he would be
treated.
Section C
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwill
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),
B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethrough
the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.
B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.
C) They are more likely to become engineers.
D) They have greater potential to be leaders.
17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.
B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.
C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.
D) Respond more positively to boys’ comments.
18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.
courses.
B)
Provide
a
variety
of
optional
C) Place great emphasis on test scores.
D) Pay extra attention to top students.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.
C) It does not rain as much as people think.
the US.
20. A) They drive most of the time.
B) It seldom rains in summer time.
D) It is one of the most rainy cities in
B) The rain is usually very light.
C) They have got used to the rain.
D) The rain comes mostly at night.
21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.
B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.
C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.
D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.
B) It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.
C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.
D) It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.
23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.
B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.
C) They begin to make repairs immediately.
D) They gradually become fragmented.
24. A) About one week.
C) About ten days.
25. A) Apply muscle creams.
C) Have a hot shower.
【参考答案】
1-5
A D C B C
B) About two days.
D) About four weeks.
B) Drink plenty of water.
D) Take pain-killers.
6-10 B D A B D
11-15 A D B D A
16-20 C C D C A
21-25 B D D A B
(40 minutes)
Reading Comprehension
Part Ⅲ
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select
one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is
identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet
2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more
than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with
the ruins of Angkor.
tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or
It’s hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It’s the safe, sane thing to
do, right? The bottle is
, and the label says “pure water”, but maybe what’s inside
. Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all
is not so
bottled water sold around the world
microplastics?
26
27
28
29
30
That’s the conclusion of a recently
study, which analyzed 259 bottles from 11
an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water.
31
brands sold in nine countries,
32commonly known as PETand are widely used in the manufacture
These microplastics included a
of clothing and food and
containers.The study was conducted at the State University of
33
New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organization.About a million bottles are bought
every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who
live with unsafe drinking water.
34
Confronted with this
, several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and
Coco-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that
their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested.Regardless,
the World Health Organization has now launched a review into the 35
health risks of drinking
water from plastic bottles.
A) adequateF) instant
B) admiringG) liquidL) revealing
C) containsH) modifiedM) sealed
D) defendingI) naturalN) solves
E) evidenceJ) potentialO) substance
K) released
【参考答案】
26-30 BLKAO
31-35 CEGDH
Section B
Directions: Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedto
each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
fromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraph
is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2.
The Quiet Heroism of Mail Delivery
[A] On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached
a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica, Alaska,
and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45
degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Service. Schools,
restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights have been canceled.
[B] Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery temporarily. “Due
to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees,” USPS announced
Wednesday morning, “the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in the following 3-digit
ZIP Code locations.” Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight
remained.
[C] As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather. In
2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters
cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto
Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from
2017’s Hurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community’s infrastructure, disrupting
systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return,
in some form, to normal.
[D] Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone caught footage
of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van,
collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but
the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager
for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of
the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another
day on the job. “I followed my route like I normally do,” Smith told a reporter. “As I’d
come across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail—outgoing mail—in
it. And so we picked those up and carried on.”
[E] USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285
emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually
using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops
due to weather, the agency’s top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Thenit evaluates
the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides
when and how to re-open operations.If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area
will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming
New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in
New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.
[F] As soon as it’s safe enough to be outside, couriers start distributing accumulated mail
on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file
change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail
facilities were set up in dozens of other locations across the country in the two weeks that
USPS was unable to provide street delivery.
[G] Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail—anything from
postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me
all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data
released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under
half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed.
[H] It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security
checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They willcoordinate
with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the
right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall,
USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were
available and received on time.
[I] Mail companies are logistics companies, which puts them in a special position to help when
disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure
as a “unique federal asset” to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. “I think
we’re unique as a federal agency,” USPS official Mike Swigart told me, “because we’re in
literally every community in this country … We’re obligated to deliver to that point on a
daily basis.”
[J] Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in
logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster.For more than a decade, FedEx has
supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected
by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more
than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California, and donated space for 3.1
million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million
in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael.UPS’s charitable arm,
the UPS Foundation, uses the company’s logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. “We
realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role,”
said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks
and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November,
he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross.
“We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving, prosperous,” he said.
[K] Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain.
Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some small routines—mail delivery being
one of them—may help residents remember that their communities are still their
communities.“When they see that carrier back out on the street,” Swigart said, “that’s
the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal.”
36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’ safety.
37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared
with other federal agencies
38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.
39. Mail delivery service i$ still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.
40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.
41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were
set up.
42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.
43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent
supplies.
44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.
45.
【参考答案】
36-40 FIDGB
41-45EHAJC
Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.
Section C
Directions: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2with
a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching
assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge
Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech’s
online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had 8 teaching
assistants, but that wasn’t enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from
students.
Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When
students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their
motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this
situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based
on the IBM Watson platform.
Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the
online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn’t too great. But Goel and his team sourced
the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the
class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questions and answers. After some
adjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students’ questions correctly
97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students
didn’t know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were
interacting with artificial intelligence and couldn’t tell it apart from a real human being.
Goel didn’t inform them about Jill’s true identity until April 26. The students were actually
very positive about the experience.
The goal of Professor Goel’s virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40%
of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name, Jill Watson, will of course,
change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future
of AI than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.
46. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence?
A) It is a robot that can answer students’ questions.
B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.
C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.
D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.
47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?
A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.
B) His course was too difficult for the students.
C) Students’ questions were too many to handle.
D) Too many students dropped out of his course.
48. What do we learn about Jill Watson?
A) She turned out to be a great success.
B) She got along pretty well with
students.
C) She was unwelcome to students at first.
D) She was released online as an
experiment.
49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?
A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.
expected.
B) They found her not as capable as
C) They could not but admire her knowledge.
D) They could not tell her from a real
person.
50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?
A) Launch different versions of her online.
B) Feed her with new questions and answers.
C) Assign her to answer more of students’ questions.
D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don’t hurt. Those are a few
of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that
examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be
more crucial.
Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent
years for everything from making movies to building water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried
to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goal, but
others have fallen short of reaching more modest targets.
To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by
science communications scholar Mike Schäfer of the University of Zurich in Switzerland examined
the content of the WebPages for 371 recent campaigns.
Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public
UnderstandingofScience. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising
money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all
comers, platforms such as Experiment.com, Medstartr.com, and Petridish.org only present
scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video becausegood
visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors
sinceprojects that answered questions from interested donors and posted lab notes fared better.
And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 on
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