Redis-Essentials.pdf

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Cover

Credits

About the Authors

Acknowledgments

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Getting Started (The Baby Steps)

Installation

Installing from source

Hello Redis (command-line interface examples)

Installing Node.js

JavaScript syntax quick reference guide

Hello World with Node.js and Redis

Redis data types

Strings

String examples with redis-cli

Building a voting system with Strings using Node.js

Lists

List examples with redis-cli

Implementing a generic Queue System

Hashes

Using Hashes with redis-cli

A voting system with Hashes and Node.js

Summary

Chapter 2: Advanced Data Types (Earning a Black Belt)

Sets

Set examples with redis-cli

Building a deal tracking system

Sorted Sets

Sorted Set examples with redis-cli

Building a leaderboard system for an online game

Bitmaps

Bitmap examples with redis-cli

Building web analytics

HyperLogLogs

Counting unique users – HyperLogLog versus Set

HyperLogLogs examples with redis-cli

Counting and retrieving unique website visits

Summary

Chapter 3: Time Series (A Collection of Observations)

Building the foundation

Optimizing with Hashes

Adding uniqueness with Sorted Sets and HyperLogLog

Summary

Chapter 4: Commands (Where the Wild Things Are)

Pub/Sub

Transactions

Pipelines

Scripting

Lua syntax basics

Redis meets Lua

Miscellaneous commands

INFO

DBSIZE

DEBUG SEGFAULT

MONITOR

CLIENT LIST and CLIENT SET NAME

CLIENT KILL

FLUSHALL

RANDOMKEY

EXPIRE and EXPIREAT

TTL and PTTL

PERSIST

SETEX

DEL

EXISTS

PING

MIGRATE

SELECT

AUTH

SCRIPT KILL

SHUTDOWN

OBJECT ENCODING

Data type optimizations

String

List

Set

Hash

Sorted Set

Measuring memory usage

Summary

Chapter 5: Clients for Your Favorite Language (Become a Redis Polyglot)

PHP

The basic commands in PHP

The blocking commands in PHP

Pipelines in PHP

Transactions in PHP

Scripting in PHP

Python

The basic commands in Python

The blocking commands in Python

Pipelines in Python

Transactions in Python

Scripting in Python

Ruby

The basic commands in Ruby

The blocking commands in Ruby

Pipelines in Ruby

Transactions in Ruby

Scripting in Ruby

Summary

Chapter 6: Common Pitfalls (Avoiding Traps)

The wrong data type for the job

The Set approach

The Bitmap approach

Multiple Redis databases

Keys without a namespace

Using Swap

Not planning and configuring the memory properly

An inappropriate persistence strategy

Summary

Chapter 7: Security Techniques (Guard Your Data)

The basic security

Obfuscating critical commands

Networking security

Protecting Redis with firewall rules

Running Redis on the loopback network interface

Running Redis in a Virtual Private Cloud

Encrypting client-to-server communication

Running stunnel on both the server and the client

Running stunnel on the server and using a Redis client that supports SSL

Summary

Chapter 8: Scaling Redis (Beyond a Single Instance)

Persistence

RDB (Redis Database)

AOF (Append-only File)

RDB versus AOF

Replication

Partitioning

Range partitioning

Hash partitioning

Presharding

Consistent hashing

Tagging

Data store versus cache

Implementations of Redis partitioning

Automatic sharding with twemproxy

Other architectures that use twemproxy

Summary

Chapter 9: Redis Cluster and Redis Sentinel (Collective Intelligence)

The CAP theorem

Redis Sentinel

The basic Sentinel configuration

Connecting to Sentinel

Network partition (split-brain)

Redis Cluster

Hash slots

Hash tags

Creating a basic cluster

Finding nodes and redirects

Configuration

Different Redis cluster architectures

Cluster administration

Creating a cluster

Adding slaves/replicas

Scaling reads using slave nodes

Adding nodes

Removing nodes

Redis cluster administration using the redis-trib tool

Summary

Index

Redis Essentials Harness the power of Redis to integrate and manage your projects efficiently Maxwell Dayvson Da Silva Hugo Lopes Tavares BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

Redis Essentials Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. First published: September 2015 Production reference: 1030915 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-78439-245-1 www.packtpub.com

Credits Authors Maxwell Dayvson Da Silva Hugo Lopes Tavares Reviewers Gustavo Franco Chad Lung Stephen McDonald Yi Wang Commissioning Editor Sarah Crofton Acquisition Editor Harsha Bharwani Content Development Editor Kirti Patil Technical Editor Menza Mathew Copy Editor Vikrant Phadkay Project Coordinator Nidhi Joshi Proofreader Safis Editing Indexer Rekha Nair Production Coordinator Manu Joseph Cover Work Manu Joseph Cover Image Renata Pereira Rocha Moreira

About the Authors Maxwell Dayvson Da Silva, a self-taught programmer, is the director of technology at The New York Times. Born in Recife, Brazil, he is a video specialist and is most interested in bringing technology to a global audience. His work has ranged from developing and delivering highly scalable products to innovating and implementing large-scale video solutions. Prior to joining the Times, he worked for Globo, Brazil's leading media network, and Terra, a global digital media company. Additionally, he has spoken at conferences such as Campus Party, FISL, SET Broadcast and Cable, Streaming Media East, and Streaming Media West. Maxwell has also devoted time to speaking at several Brazilian universities, including UFGRS, IFRS, UDESC, and FEEVALE-RS. He is a contributor to and creator of some open source projects. You can find them at https://github.com/dayvson. Outside of his professional work, Maxwell regularly combines his passion for art and science to create games and interactive art installations. His son, Arthur, inspires him to seek opportunities to bring science into the lives of young people, both in New York and abroad. Although Redis Essentials is Maxwell's first book, he has done technical reviewing for two others, Extending Bootstrap and Learning JavaScript Data Structures and Algorithms. You can contact him on LinkedIn at http://www.linkedin.com/in/dayvson.

Hugo Lopes Tavares is a software developer from Brazil who currently works as a platform engineer at Yipit, a technology company focused on data aggregation and analysis. Prior to his work in the United States, Hugo worked on live streaming video development for Globo.com, the Internet branch of Grupo Globo, which is the largest media conglomerate in Latin America. Having been involved in open source software, he has made a significant impact in this field. He was a main contributor to pip (the Python package installer), wrote improvements to CPython and the Python standard library, coauthored Splinter (a web-testing tool), and contributed to many well-known projects. Some of his contributions can be found at https://github.com/hltbra. Additionally, Hugo worked at NSI (Information Systems Research Group), carrying out research and development on agile methods and software quality for the Brazilian government. Within his research, he created some testing tools, the most famous of which are Should-DSL and PyCukes, which are mentioned in Python Testing Cookbook, Packt Publishing (Should-DSL has its own section in it). When Hugo is not doing anything related to technology, he is involved in strength training as an amateur powerlifter. You can contact him on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/hltbra.

Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude for my amazing and supportive partner in crime and life, Karalyn Lathrop (a.k.a. KC). She was incredibly supportive and helpful in the making of this book in so many ways that I cannot describe how thankful I am for her. I am incredibly grateful to my son, Arthur, for being so amazingly sweet and funny. Also, thanks to him for making my life so much better, even with the long distance that keeps us far way. There are many people I'm thankful to for the making of this book: my mom, Mauriceia, for all the love that she has given me! My aunt, Maristela, for all the support and advice; the sweetest grandmothers, Alderita and Fran Kozina; and Juliane, for being a supermom and taking care of our son when I am far way. I give thanks to Nina Feinberg. Her help in this project was fundamental in improving the quality of the writing and consistency of this book. Also, I would like to give special acknowledgements to the many friends and colleagues who helped me during this journey. Each one of you made a significant contribution to this project, and I am so thankful: Lincoln Clarete, Cristian Taveras, Deep Kapadia, Flavio Ribeiro, Jose Muanis, Kentaro Kaji, Michael Sarullo, Manu Menezes, Gustavo Franco, and Renata Tavares. Finally, I give my huge thanks to Hugo Tavares for sharing this crazy experience with me. I'm honoured that he accepted my invite. Writing this book was challenging, exciting, and rewarding in so many ways. I had a lot of fun and learned a lot during the process. It's been an honour and privilege working with you. – Maxwell Dayvson Da Silva

I would like to thank my wife, Renata, for all her support and for designing a beautiful cover for this book. This project would not have succeeded without her support. Thanks, my love! I also thank my parents, Paulo and Maria das Graças, for always loving me, supporting my education and all my decisions, and giving me good advice on life. I am very thankful to Karalyn Lathrop and Nina Feinberg, who reviewed this book, and the technical reviewers. They improved this book's quality a lot. I also thank Maxwell Dayvson for inviting me to join him to write this great book. It has been an amazing experience, and I learned a lot by working with him. Thanks, my friend! I am very proud of both of us. – Hugo Lopes Tavares

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