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shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design.pdf
Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Part 1 Basics
1 Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Design
1–1 Design
1–2 Mechanical Engineering Design
1–3 Phases and Interactions of the Design Process
1–4 Design Tools and Resources
1–5 The Design Engineer's Professional Responsibilities
1–6 Standards and Codes
1–7 Economics
1–8 Safety and Product Liability
1–9 Stress and Strength
1–10 Uncertainty
1–11 Design Factor and Factor of Safety
1–12 Reliability and Probability of Failure
1–13 Relating the Design Factor to Reliability
1–14 Dimensions and Tolerances
1–15 Units
1–16 Calculations and Significant Figures
1–17 Design Topic Interdependencies
1–18 Power Transmission Case Study Specifications
Problems
2 Materials
2–1 Material Strength and Stiffness
2–2 The Statistical Significance of Material Properties
2–3 Strength and Cold Work
2–4 Hardness
2–5 Impact Properties
2–6 Temperature Effects
2–7 Numbering Systems
2–8 Sand Casting
2–9 Shell Molding
2–10 Investment Casting
2–11 Powder-Metallurgy Process
2–12 Hot-Working Processes
2–13 Cold-Working Processes
2–14 The Heat Treatment of Steel
2–15 Alloy Steels
2–16 Corrosion-Resistant Steels
2–17 Casting Materials
2–18 Nonferrous Metals
2–19 Plastics
2–20 Composite Materials
2–21 Materials Selection
Problems
3 Load and Stress Analysis
3–1 Equilibrium and Free-Body Diagrams
3–2 Shear Force and Bending Moments in Beams
3–3 Singularity Functions
3–4 Stress
3–5 Cartesian Stress Components
3–6 Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress
3–7 General Three-Dimensional Stress
3–8 Elastic Strain
3–9 Uniformly Distributed Stresses
3–10 Normal Stresses for Beams in Bending
3–11 Shear Stresses for Beams in Bending
3–12 Torsion
3–13 Stress Concentration
3–14 Stresses in Pressurized Cylinders
3–15 Stresses in Rotating Rings
3–16 Press and Shrink Fits
3–17 Temperature Effects
3–18 Curved Beams in Bending
3–19 Contact Stresses
3–20 Summary
Problems
4 Deflection and Stiffness
4–1 Spring Rates
4–2 Tension, Compression, and Torsion
4–3 Deflection Due to Bending
4–4 Beam Deflection Methods
4–5 Beam Deflections by Superposition
4–6 Beam Deflections by Singularity Functions
4–7 Strain Energy
4–8 Castigliano's Theorem
4–9 Deflection of Curved Members
4–10 Statically Indeterminate Problems
4–11 Compression Members—General
4–12 Long Columns with Central Loading
4–13 Intermediate-Length Columns with Central Loading
4–14 Columns with Eccentric Loading
4–15 Struts or Short Compression Members
4–16 Elastic Stability
4–17 Shock and Impact
Problems
Part 2 Failure Prevention
5 Failures Resulting from Static Loading
5–1 Static Strength
5–2 Stress Concentration
5–3 Failure Theories
5–4 Maximum-Shear-Stress Theory for Ductile Materials
5–5 Distortion-Energy Theory for Ductile Materials
5–6 Coulomb-Mohr Theory for Ductile Materials
5–7 Failure of Ductile Materials Summary
5–8 Maximum-Normal-Stress Theory for Brittle Materials
5–9 Modifications of the Mohr Theory for Brittle Materials
5–10 Failure of Brittle Materials Summary
5–11 Selection of Failure Criteria
5–12 Introduction to Fracture Mechanics
5–13 Important Design Equations
Problems
6 Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading
6–1 Introduction to Fatigue in Metals
6–2 Approach to Fatigue Failure in Analysis and Design
6–3 Fatigue-Life Methods
6–4 The Stress-Life Method
6–5 The Strain-Life Method
6–6 The Linear-Elastic Fracture Mechanics Method
6–7 The Endurance Limit
6–8 Fatigue Strength
6–9 Endurance Limit Modifying Factors
6–10 Stress Concentration and Notch Sensitivity
6–11 Characterizing Fluctuating Stresses
6–12 Fatigue Failure Criteria for Fluctuating Stress
6–13 Torsional Fatigue Strength under Fluctuating Stresses
6–14 Combinations of Loading Modes
6–15 Varying, Fluctuating Stresses; Cumulative Fatigue Damage
6–16 Surface Fatigue Strength
6–17 Road Maps and Important Design Equations for the Stress-Life Method
Problems
Part 3 Design of Mechanical Elements
7 Shafts and Shaft Components
7–1 Introduction
7–2 Shaft Materials
7–3 Shaft Layout
7–4 Shaft Design for Stress
7–5 Deflection Considerations
7–6 Critical Speeds for Shafts
7–7 Miscellaneous Shaft Components
7–8 Limits and Fits
Problems
8 Screws, Fasteners, and the Design of Nonpermanent Joints
8–1 Thread Standards and Definitions
8–2 The Mechanics of Power Screws
8–3 Threaded Fasteners
8–4 Joints—Fastener Stiffness
8–5 Joints—Member Stiffness
8–6 Bolt Strength
8–7 Tension Joints—The External Load
8–8 Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension
8–9 Statically Loaded Tension Joint with Preload
8–10 Gasketed Joints
8–11 Fatigue Loading of Tension Joints
8–12 Bolted and Riveted Joints Loaded in Shear
Problems
9 Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints
9–1 Welding Symbols
9–2 Butt and Fillet Welds
9–3 Stresses in Welded Joints in Torsion
9–4 Stresses in Welded Joints in Bending
9–5 The Strength of Welded Joints
9–6 Static Loading
9–7 Fatigue Loading
9–8 Resistance Welding
9–9 Adhesive Bonding
Problems
10 Mechanical Springs
10–1 Stresses in Helical Springs
10–2 The Curvature Effect
10–3 Deflection of Helical Springs
10–4 Compression Springs
10–5 Stability
10–6 Spring Materials
10–7 Helical Compression Spring Design for Static Service
10–8 Critical Frequency of Helical Springs
10–9 Fatigue Loading of Helical Compression Springs
10–10 Helical Compression Spring Design for Fatigue Loading
10–11 Extension Springs
10–12 Helical Coil Torsion Springs
10–13 Belleville Springs
10–14 Miscellaneous Springs
10–15 Summary
Problems
11 Rolling-Contact Bearings
11–1 Bearing Types
11–2 Bearing Life
11–3 Bearing Load Life at Rated Reliability
11–4 Reliability versus Life—The Weibull Distribution
11–5 Relating Load, Life, and Reliability
11–6 Combined Radial and Thrust Loading
11–7 Variable Loading
11–8 Selection of Ball and Cylindrical Roller Bearings
11–9 Selection of Tapered Roller Bearings
11–10 Design Assessment for Selected Rolling-Contact Bearings
11–11 Lubrication
11–12 Mounting and Enclosure
Problems
12 Lubrication and Journal Bearings
12–1 Types of Lubrication
12–2 Viscosity
12–3 Petroff's Equation
12–4 Stable Lubrication
12–5 Thick-Film Lubrication
12–6 Hydrodynamic Theory
12–7 Design Considerations
12–8 The Relations of the Variables
12–9 Steady-State Conditions in Self-Contained Bearings
12–10 Clearance
12–11 Pressure-Fed Bearings
12–12 Loads and Materials
12–13 Bearing Types
12–14 Thrust Bearings
12–15 Boundary-Lubricated Bearings
Problems
13 Gears—General
13–1 Types of Gears
13–2 Nomenclature
13–3 Conjugate Action
13–4 Involute Properties
13–5 Fundamentals
13–6 Contact Ratio
13–7 Interference
13–8 The Forming of Gear Teeth
13–9 Straight Bevel Gears
13–10 Parallel Helical Gears
13–11 Worm Gears
13–12 Tooth Systems
13–13 Gear Trains
13–14 Force Analysis—Spur Gearing
13–15 Force Analysis—Bevel Gearing
13–16 Force Analysis—Helical Gearing
13–17 Force Analysis—Worm Gearing
Problems
14 Spur and Helical Gears
14–1 The Lewis Bending Equation
14–2 Surface Durability
14–3 AGMA Stress Equations
14–4 AGMA Strength Equations
14–5 Geometry Factors I and J (Z[sub(I)] and Y[sub(J)])
14–6 The Elastic Coefficient C[sub(p)] (Z[sub(E)])
14–7 Dynamic Factor K[sub(v)]
14–8 Overload Factor K[sub(o)]
14–9 Surface Condition Factor Cf (Z[sub(R)])
14–10 Size Factor K[sub(s)]
14–11 Load-Distribution Factor K[sub(m)] (K[sub(H)])
14–12 Hardness-Ratio Factor C[sub(H)] (Z[sub(W)])
14–13 Stress-Cycle Factors Y[sub(N)] and Z[sub(N)]
14–14 Reliability Factor K[sub(R)] (Y[sub(Z)])
14–15 Temperature Factor K[sub(T)] (Y[sub(θ)])
14–16 Rim-Thickness Factor K[sub(B)]
14–17 Safety Factors S[sub(F)] and S[sub(H)]
14–18 Analysis
14–19 Design of a Gear Mesh
Problems
15 Bevel and Worm Gears
15–1 Bevel Gearing—General
15–2 Bevel-Gear Stresses and Strengths
15–3 AGMA Equation Factors
15–4 Straight-Bevel Gear Analysis
15–5 Design of a Straight-Bevel Gear Mesh
15–6 Worm Gearing—AGMA Equation
15–7 Worm-Gear Analysis
15–8 Designing a Worm-Gear Mesh
15–9 Buckingham Wear Load
Problems
16 Clutches, Brakes, Couplings, and Flywheels
16–1 Static Analysis of Clutches and Brakes
16–2 Internal Expanding Rim Clutches and Brakes
16–3 External Contracting Rim Clutches and Brakes
16–4 Band-Type Clutches and Brakes
16–5 Frictional-Contact Axial Clutches
16–6 Disk Brakes
16–7 Cone Clutches and Brakes
16–8 Energy Considerations
16–9 Temperature Rise
16–10 Friction Materials
16–11 Miscellaneous Clutches and Couplings
16–12 Flywheels
Problems
17 Flexible Mechanical Elements
17–1 Belts
17–2 Flat-and Round-Belt Drives
17–3 V Belts
17–4 Timing Belts
17–5 Roller Chain
17–6 Wire Rope
17–7 Flexible Shafts
Problems
18 Power Transmission Case Study
18–1 Design Sequence for Power Transmission
18–2 Power and Torque Requirements
18–3 Gear Specification
18–4 Shaft Layout
18–5 Force Analysis
18–6 Shaft Material Selection
18–7 Shaft Design for Stress
18–8 Shaft Design for Deflection
18–9 Bearing Selection
18–10 Key and Retaining Ring Selection
18–11 Final Analysis
Problems
Part 4 Special Topics
19 Finite-Element Analysis
19–1 The Finite-Element Method
19–2 Element Geometries
19–3 The Finite-Element Solution Process
19–4 Mesh Generation
19–5 Load Application
19–6 Boundary Conditions
19–7 Modeling Techniques
19–8 Thermal Stresses
19–9 Critical Buckling Load
19–10 Vibration Analysis
19–11 Summary
Problems
20 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
20–1 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Systems
20–2 Definition of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
20–3 Datums
20–4 Controlling Geometric Tolerances
20–5 Geometric Characteristic Definitions
20–6 Material Condition Modifiers
20–7 Practical Implementation
20–8 GD&T in CAD Models
20–9 Glossary of GD&T Terms
Problems
Appendixes
A: Useful Tables
B: Answers to Selected Problems
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z
Shigley’s
Mecha nical
Engineering
Design
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Shigley’s
Mechanical
Engineering
Design
Tenth Edition
Richard G. Budynas
Professor Emeritus, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology
J. Keith Nisbett
Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology
SHIGLEY’S MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN, TENTH EDITION
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2011 and 2008. No part of this publication may
be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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ISBN 978-0-07-339820-4
MHID 0-07-339820-9
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All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Shigley’s mechanical engineering design.—Tenth edition / Richard G. Budynas, professor emeritus, Kate Gleason
College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, J. Keith Nisbett, associate professor of mechanical
engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology.
pages cm—(Mcgraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering)
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-339820-4 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-07-339820-9 (alk. paper)
1. Machine design. I. Nisbett, J. Keith. II. Shigley, Joseph Edward. Mechanical engineering design. III. Title.
Budynas, Richard G. (Richard Gordon)
TJ230.S5 2014
621.8915—dc23
2013035900
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does
not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not
guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.
www.mhhe.com
Dedication
To my wife, Joanne, my family, and my late brother,
Bill, who advised me to enter the field of mechanical
engineering. In many respects, Bill had considerable
insight, skill, and inventiveness.
Richard G. Budynas
To my wife, Kim, for her unwavering support.
J. Keith Nisbett
Dedication to Joseph Edward Shigley
Joseph Edward Shigley (1909–1994) is undoubtedly one of the most well-known
and respected contributors in machine design education. He authored or coauthored
eight books, including Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (with John J. Uicker, Jr.),
and Applied Mechanics of Materials. He was coeditor-in-chief of the well-known
Standard Handbook of Machine Design. He began Machine Design as sole author in
1956, and it evolved into Mechanical Engineering Design, setting the model for such
textbooks. He contributed to the first five editions of this text, along with coauthors
Larry Mitchell and Charles Mischke. Uncounted numbers of students across the world
got their first taste of machine design with Shigley’s textbook, which has literally
become a classic. Nearly every mechanical engineer for the past half century has
referenced terminology, equations, or procedures as being from “Shigley.” McGraw-Hill
is honored to have worked with Professor Shigley for more than 40 years, and as a
tribute to his lasting contribution to this textbook, its title officially reflects what many
have already come to call it—Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design.
Having received a bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
from Purdue University and a master of science in Engineering Mechanics from the
University of Michigan, Professor Shigley pursued an academic career at Clemson
College from 1936 through 1954. This led to his position as professor and head of
Mechanical Design and Drawing at Clemson College. He joined the faculty of the
Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Michigan in 1956, where
he remained for 22 years until his retirement in 1978.
Professor Shigley was granted the rank of Fellow of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers in 1968. He received the ASME Mechanisms Committee
Award in 1974, the Worcester Reed Warner Medal for outstanding contribution to
the permanent literature of engineering in 1977, and the ASME Machine Design
Award in 1985.
Joseph Edward Shigley indeed made a difference. His legacy shall continue.
vi
About the Authors
Richard G. Budynas is Professor Emeritus of the Kate Gleason College of Engineering
at Rochester Institute of Technology. He has more than 50 years experience in teach-
ing and practicing mechanical engineering design. He is the author of a McGraw-Hill
textbook, Advanced Strength and Applied Stress Analysis, Second Edition; and coau-
thor of a McGraw-Hill reference book, Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain, Eighth
Edition. He was awarded the BME of Union College, MSME of the University of
Rochester, and the PhD of the University of Massachusetts. He is a licensed Professional
Engineer in the state of New York.
J. Keith Nisbett is an Associate Professor and Associate Chair of Mechanical
Engineering at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. He has more than
30 years of experience with using and teaching from this classic textbook. As demon-
strated by a steady stream of teaching awards, including the Governor’s Award for
Teaching Excellence, he is devoted to finding ways of communicating concepts to the
students. He was awarded the BS, MS, and PhD of the University of Texas at Arlington.
vii
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