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Functional Verification Coverage Measurement and Analysis
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Introduction
1. The Language of Coverage
2. Functional Verification
3. Measuring Verification Coverage
4. Functional Coverage
5. Code Coverage
6. Assertion Coverage
7. Coverage-Driven Verification
8. Improving Coverage Fidelity With Hybrid Models
Appendix A: e Language BNF
INDEX
FUNCTIONAL VERIFICATION COVERAGE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS
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FUNCTIONAL VERIFICATION COVERAGE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS by Andrew Piziali Verisity Design, Inc. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: Print ISBN: 1-4020-8026-3 1-4020-8025-5 ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://kluweronline.com http://ebooks.kluweronline.com
Table of Contents Foreword Preface Introduction 1. 2. 3. 4. The Language of Coverage Functional Verification 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. Design Intent Diagram Functional Verification Testing versus Verification Functional Verification Process 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.4.3. 2.4.4. Functional Verification Plan Verification Environment Implementation Device Bring-up Device Regression 2.5. Summary Measuring Verification Coverage 3.1. Coverage Metrics Implicit Metrics Explicit Metrics Specification Metrics Implementation Metrics 3.1.1. 3.1.2. 3.1.3. 3.1.4. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.2. Coverage Spaces Implicit Implementation Coverage Space Implicit Specification Coverage Space Explicit Implementation Coverage Space Explicit Specification Coverage Space 3.3. Summary Functional Coverage 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. Coverage Modeling Coverage Model Example Top-Level Design ix xiii 1 5 15 16 17 19 19 20 26 27 28 30 31 31 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 39 40 44
4.3.1. 4.3.2. 4.4.1. 4.4.2. 4.4.3. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.2.4. 5.2.5. 5.2.6. 5.2.7. 5.2.8. 5.3.1. 5.3.2. 5.3.3. 5. 6. Attribute Identification Attribute Relationships 4.4. Detailed Design What to Sample Where to Sample When to Sample and Correlate Attributes 4.5. 4.6. Model Implementation Related Functional Coverage 4.6.1. 4.6.2. 4.6.3. Finite State Machine Coverage Temporal Coverage Static Verification Coverage 4.7. Summary Code Coverage 5.1. 5.2. Instance and Module Coverage Code Coverage Metrics Line Coverage Statement Coverage Branch Coverage Condition Coverage Event Coverage Toggle Coverage Finite State Machine Coverage Controlled and Observed Coverage 5.3. Use Model Instrument Code Record Metrics Analyze Measurements 5.4. Summary Assertion Coverage 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. What Are Assertions? Measuring Assertion Coverage Open Verification Library Coverage Static Assertion Coverage Analyzing Assertion Coverage 6.5.1. 6.5.2. Checker Assertions Coverage Assertions 6.6. Summary vi Functional Verification Coverage Measurement and Analysis 45 50 61 62 65 66 67 75 75 76 77 78 79 79 80 80 81 82 84 84 85 85 88 89 89 90 90 95 97 97 102 103 104 104 105 106 107
7. Coverage-Driven Verification 7.1. 7.2. Objections to Coverage-Driven Verification Stimulus Generation 7.2.1. 7.2.2. Generation Constraints Coverage-Directed Generation 7.3. 7.4. Response Checking Coverage Measurement 7.4.1. 7.4.2. 7.4.3. 7.4.4. 7.5.1. 7.5.2. 7.5.3. Functional Coverage Code Coverage Assertion Coverage Maximizing Verification Efficiency 7.5. Coverage Analysis Generation Feedback Coverage Model Feedback Hole Analysis 7.6. Summary 8. Improving Coverage Fidelity With Hybrid Models 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. Sample Hybrid Coverage Model Coverage Overlap Static Verification Coverage Summary Appendix A: e Language BNF Index 109 110 112 113 115 120 122 123 124 126 127 129 129 130 131 136 139 140 147 149 150 151 193 “Table of Contents” vii
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