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2010年12月英语六级真题及答案.doc
2010 年 12 月英语六级真题及答案
2010 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay
entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words
following the outline given below.
1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;
2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;
3. 在我看来……
My Views on University Ranking
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly
and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer
from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete
the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Into the Unknown
The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?
Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older.
The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982,
but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was
happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that
pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.
For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the
alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm,
and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks,
pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be
intergenerational warfare.
Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more
is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied.
International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports.
Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits.
The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care
at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this
newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.
Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another
question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and
health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked
on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an
eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may
not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.
The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown,
public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and
taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending
is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues
and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer.
John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that
other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their
retired peers.
Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and
that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that
older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of
younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly
because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force,
increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take
up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.
In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force
as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten
years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and
it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts
for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about
90%.
On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have
lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that
will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades
labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants
would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current
size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones.
Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public
opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration
is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.
To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would
have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number
of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter
of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life
in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine
family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.
And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end
of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become
a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly
disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the
voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and
older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic
studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at
the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in
future there are many more of them they might start doing so.
Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s.
After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents
and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University
found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were
in touch at least once a week.
Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have
a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all
sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a
thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other
things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security
implications.
For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more
reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050,
America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s
defence effort. Because America’s population will still be growing when that of
most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed
country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).
Ask me in 2020
There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will
have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts
now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be
catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are
beginning to act.
But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is
happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on
the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley,
puts it briefly and clearly: “We don’t really know what population ageing will
be like, because nobody has done it yet. “
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system
in most countries could ______.
[A] not be sustained in the long term
[B] further accelerate the ageing process
[C] hardly halt the growth of population
[D] help tide over the current ageing crisis
2. What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old?
[A] The generation gap is bound to narrow.
[B] Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.
[C] The younger generation will beat the old.
[D] Old people should give way to the young.
3. One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that
______.
[A] nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problem
[B] most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediately
[C] the proposed reforms will affect too many people’s interests
[D] politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election
4. The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension crisis
is to ______.
[A] allow people to work longer [C] cut back on health care provisions
[B] increase tax revenues [D] start reforms right away
5. The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is that ______.
[A] they are generally difficult to manage
[B] the longer they work, the higher their pension
[C] their pay is higher than that of younger ones
[D] younger workers are readily available
6. To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need ______.
[A] to revise its current population control policy
[B] large numbers of immigrants from overseas
[C] to automate its manufacturing and service industries
[D] a politically feasible policy concerning population
7. Why do many women in rich countries compromise by having only one child?
[A] Small families are becoming more fashionable.
[B] They find it hard to balance career and family.
[C] It is too expensive to support a large family.
[D] Child care is too big a problem for them.
8. Compared with younger ones, older societies are less inclined to
______________________________.
9. The predicted intergenerational warfare is unlikely because most of the older
people themselves _________________________.
10. Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to commit
them to ____________________________.
minutes)
Part III Listening Comprehension (35
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked
about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only
once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read
the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre.
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
11. [A] The man is the manager of the apartment building.
[B] The woman is very good at bargaining.
[C] The woman will get the apartment refurnished.
[D] The man is looking for an apartment.
12. [A] How the pictures will turn out. [C] What the man thinks of the shots.
[B] Where the botanical garden is. [D] Why the pictures are not ready.
13. [A] There is no replacement for the handle.
[B] There is no match for the suitcase.
[C] The suitcase is not worth fixing.
[D] The suitcase can be fixed in time.
14. [A] He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.
[B] He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks.
[C] He has had his truck adapted for cold temperatures.
[D] He does routine truck maintenance for the woman.
15. [A] She cannot stand her boss’s bad temper.
[B] She has often been criticized by her boss.
[C] She has made up her mind to resign.
[D] She never regrets any decisions she makes.
16. [A] Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size.
[B] Replace the shirt with one of some other material.
[C] Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt.
[D] Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy.
17. [A] At a “Lost and Found”. [C] At a trade fair.
[B] At a reception desk. [D] At an exhibition.
18. [A] Repair it and move in. [C] Convert it into a hotel.
[B] Pass it on to his grandson. [D] Sell it for a good price.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. [A] Unique descriptive skills. [C] Colourful world experiences.
[B] Good knowledge of readers’ tastes. [D] Careful plotting and clueing.
20. [A] A peaceful setting. [C] To be in the right mood.
[B] A spacious room. [D] To be entirely alone.
21. [A] They rely heavily on their own imagination.
[B] They have experiences similar to the characters’.
[C] They look at the world in a detached manner.
[D] They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. [A] Good or bad, they are there to stay.
[B] Like it or not, you have to use them.
[C] Believe it or not, they have survived.
[D] Gain or lose, they should be modernised.
23. [A] The frequent train delays. [C]The food sold on the trains.
[B] The high train ticket fares. [D] The monopoly of British Railways.
24. [A] The low efficiency of their operation.
[B] Competition from other modes of transport.
[C] Constant complaints from passengers.
[D] The passing of the new transport act.
25. [A] They will be de-nationalised. [C] They are fast disappearing.
[B] They provide worse service. [D] They lose a lot of money.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] The whole Antarctic region will be submerged.
[B] Some polar animals will soon become extinct.
[C] Many coastal cities will be covered with water.
[D] The earth will experience extreme weathers.
27. [A] How humans are to cope with global warming.
[B] How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.
[C] How vulnerable the coastal cities are.
[D] How polar ice impacts global weather.
28. [A] It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years.
[B] It sits firmly on solid rock at the bottom of the ocean.
[C] It melted at temperatures a bit higher than those of today.
[D] It will have little impact on sea level when it breaks up.
29. [A] The West Antarctic region was once an open ocean.
[B] The West Antarctic ice sheet was about 7,000 feet thick.
[C] The West Antarctic ice sheet was once floating ice.
[D] The West Antarctic region used to be warmer than today.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. [A] Whether we can develop social ties on the Internet.
[B] Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.
[C] Whether our blogs can be renewed daily.
[D] Whether we can set up our own websites.
31. [A] The number of visits they receive. [C] The files they have collected.
[B] The way they store data. [D] The means they use to get information.
32. [A] When the system is down. [C] When the URL is reused.
[B] When new links are set up. [D] When the server is restarted.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. [A] Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.
[B] Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.
[C] Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.
[D] Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.
34. [A] Have some fresh fruit. [C] Take a hot shower.
[B] Exercise at the gym. [D] Eat a hot dinner.
35. [A] They could enjoy a happier family life.
[B] They could greatly improve their work efficiency.
[C] Many cancer cases could be prevented.
[D] Many embarrassing situations could be avoided.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the
passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.
When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks
numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered
from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks,
you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points
in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should
check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡 2 上作答。
Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving
people a measurable advantage in realms as (36) _____________ as academic
achievement, bearing up in tough jobs and coping with (37) ______________ illness.
And, by contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person
may (38) ______________ suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely
risks.
“Hope has proven a powerful predictor of (39) ______________ in every study
we’ve done so far,” said Dr. Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist who has devised
a (40) ______________ to assess how much hope a person has.
For example, in research with 3,920 college students, Dr. Snyder and his (41)
______________ found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their
first semester was a more (42) ______________ predictor of their college grades than
were their S.A.T. scores or their grade point (43) ______________ in high school,
the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance.
(44)”_________________________________________________________________________
__________________,” Dr. Snyder said. “When you compare students of equivalent
intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.”
In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr. Snyder
(45)________________________
_______________________________. “That notion is not concrete enough, and it
blurs two key components of hope,” Dr. Snyder said.
(46)”_____________________________________________________________________.”
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or
incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or
complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on
Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Most young boys are trained to believe that men should be strong, tough, cool,
and detached. Thus, they learn early to hide vulnerable emotions such as love, joy,
and sadness because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness.
Over time, some men become strangers to their own emotional lives. It seems that
men with traditional views of masculinity are more likely to suppress outward
emotions and to fear emotions, supposedly because such feelings may lead to a loss
of composure (镇定). Keep in mind, however, that this view is challenged by some
researchers. As with many gender gaps, differences in emotionality tend to be small,
inconsistent, and dependent on the situation. For instance, Robertson and colleagues
found that males who were more traditionally masculine were more emotionally
expressive in a structured exercise than when they were simply asked to talk about
their emotions.
Males’ difficulty with “tender” emotions has serious consequences. First,
suppressed emotions can contribute to stress-related disorders. And worse, men are
less likely than women to seek help from health professionals. Second, men’s
emotional inexpressiveness can cause problems in their relationships with partners
and children. For example, men who endorse traditional masculine norms report lower
relationship satisfaction, as do their female partners. Further, children whose
fathers are warm, loving, and accepting toward them have higher self-esteem and lower
rates of aggression and behavior problems. On a positive note, fathers are
increasingly involving themselves with their children. And 30 percent of fathers
report that they take equal or greater responsibility for their children than their
working wives do.
One emotion males are allowed to express is anger. Sometimes this anger
translates into physical aggression or violence. Men commit nearly 90 percent of
violent crimes in the United States and almost all sexual assaults.
注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
47. Most young boys have been trained to believe that men who show tender feelings
are considered to be ______________.
48. Some men believe that if they expressed their emotions openly they might
______________.
49. According to the author, men who suppress their emotions may develop
______________.
50. Men who observe traditional masculine norms are said to derive less
satisfaction from ______________.
51. When males get angry, they can become ______________ or even commit violence.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of
scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science
and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state
colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific,
technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that
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