ICS 19.080;71.040.10
L 09
中 华 人 民共和 国 国 家标 准
GB 4793.1 -2007/IEC 61010-1:2001
代替 GB 4793.1-1995
测量、控制和实验室用电气设备的安全要求
第 1 部分:通用要求
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,control,and
laboratory use-Part 1:General requirements
(IEC 61010-1:2001,IDT)
2007-06-07 修订
2007-09-01 实施
中华人 民 共 和 国
国家质 量 监 督检验 检 疫 总 局 发 布
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GB 4793.1-2007/IEC 61010-1:2001
目 次
前言.................................................................................VII
引言................................................................................VIII
1 范围与目的........................................................................... 1
1.1 范围............................................................................... 1
1.1.1 本标准适用的设备.................................................................1
1.1.2 不包括在本标准范围内的设备....................................................... 1
1.1.3 计算设备......................................................................... 1
1.2 目的............................................................................... 1
1.2.1 包括在本标准范围内的各方面的内容................................................. 2
1.2.2 不包括在本标准范围内的各方面的内容............................................... 2
1.3 鉴定............................................................................... 2
1.4 环境条件........................................................................... 2
1.4.1 正常的环境条件................................................................... 2
1.4.2 扩展的环境条件................................................................... 2
2 规范性引用文件....................................................................... 3
3 术语和定义........................................................................... 3
3.1 设备和设备的类别................................................................... 3
3.2 零部件和附件....................................................................... 4
3.3 电气量值........................................................................... 4
3.4 试验............................................................................... 4
3.5 安全术语........................................................................... 5
3.6 绝缘............................................................................... 6
4 试验................................................................................. 7
4.1 概述............................................................................... 7
4.2 试验顺序........................................................................... 7
4.3 基准试验条件....................................................................... 7
4.3.1 环境条件......................................................................... 7
4.3.2 设备状态......................................................................... 7
4.4 单一故障条件下的试验............................................................... 8
4.4.1 概述............................................................................. 8
4.4.2 故障条件的施加................................................................... 9
4.4.3 试验持续时间....................................................................10
4.4.4 施加故障条件后的符合性..........................................................10
5 标志和文件..........................................................................11
5.1 标志..............................................................................11
5.1.1 概述............................................................................11
5.1.2 标识............................................................................11
5.1.3 电源............................................................................11
5.1.4 熔断器..........................................................................12
I
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5.1.5 端子、连接件和操作装置..........................................................13
5.1.6 开关和断路器....................................................................13
5.1.7 用双重绝缘或加强绝缘保护的设备..................................................14
5.1.8 现场接线端子盒..................................................................14
5.2 警告标志..........................................................................14
5.3 标志耐久性........................................................................14
5.4 文件..............................................................................14
5.4.1 概述............................................................................14
5.4.2 设备额定值......................................................................15
5.4.3 设备安装........................................................................15
5.4.4 设备的操作......................................................................15
5.4.5 设备的维护......................................................................16
6 防电击..............................................................................16
6.1 概述..............................................................................16
6.1.1 要求............................................................................16
6.1.2 例外............................................................................16
6.2 可触及零部件的判定................................................................16
6.2.1 检查............................................................................17
6.2.2 危险带电零部件上方的开孔........................................................17
6.2.3 预调控制件的开孔................................................................17
6.3 可触及零部件的允许限值............................................................17
6.3.1 正常条件下的值..................................................................17
6.3.2 单一故障条件下的限值............................................................17
6.4 正常条件下的防护..................................................................19
6.5 单一故障条件下的防护..............................................................20
6.5.1 保护连接........................................................................20
6.5.2 双重绝缘和加强绝缘..............................................................22
6.5.3 保护阻抗........................................................................22
6.5.4 电源的自动断开..................................................................22
6.6 与外部电路的连接..................................................................22
6.6.1 概述............................................................................22
6.6.2 外部电路的端子..................................................................23
6.6.3 具有危险带电端子的电路..........................................................23
6.6.4 供绞合导体用的可触及端子........................................................23
6.7 电气间隙和爬电距离................................................................23
6.7.1 一般要求........................................................................24
6.7.2 电网电源电路....................................................................24
6.7.3 除电网电源电路以外的电路........................................................25
6.7.4 测量电路........................................................................28
6.8 介电强度试验程序..................................................................29
6.8.1 参考试验地......................................................................29
6.8.2 潮湿预处理......................................................................29
6.8.3 试验的实施......................................................................30
6.8.4 电压试验........................................................................30
II
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6.9 防电击保护的结构要求..............................................................32
6.9.1 概述............................................................................32
6.9.2 双重绝缘或加强绝缘设备的外壳....................................................32
6.9.3 超出量程的指示..................................................................32
6.10 与电网电源的连接和设备零部件之间的连接 ...........................................33
6.10.1 电源线.........................................................................33
6.10.2 不可拆卸的电源线的安装.........................................................33
6.10.3 插头和连接器...................................................................34
6.11 供电电源的断开...................................................................35
6.11.1 概述...........................................................................35
6.11.2 按设备的类型规定的要求.........................................................35
6.11.3 断开装置.......................................................................35
7 防机械危险..........................................................................36
7.1 概述..............................................................................36
7.2 运动零部件........................................................................36
7.3 稳定性............................................................................36
7.4 提起和搬运用装置..................................................................37
7.5 墙壁安装..........................................................................37
7.6 飞散的零部件......................................................................37
8 耐机械冲击和撞击....................................................................37
8.1 外壳的刚性试验....................................................................38
8.1.1 静态试验........................................................................38
8.1.2 动态试验........................................................................38
8.2 跌落试验..........................................................................38
8.2.1 除手持式设备和直插式设备以外的其他设备 ..........................................38
8.2.2 手持式设备和直插式设备..........................................................39
9 防止火焰蔓延........................................................................39
9.1 消除或减少设备内的引燃源..........................................................40
9.2 一旦出现着火,将火焰控制在设备内..................................................40
9.2.1 结构要求........................................................................40
9.3 限能电路..........................................................................42
9.4 对装有或使用可燃性液体设备的要求..................................................43
9.5 过流保护..........................................................................43
9.5.1 永久性连接式设备................................................................44
9.5.2 其他设备........................................................................44
10 设备的温度限值和耐热...............................................................44
10.1 对防灼伤的表面温度限值...........................................................44
10.2 绕组的温度.......................................................................44
10.3 其他温度的测量...................................................................45
10.4 温度试验的实施...................................................................45
10.4.1 发热设备温度的测量.............................................................45
10.4.2 预定装在机柜中和墙壁上的设备...................................................45
10.5 耐热.............................................................................45
10.5.1 电气间隙和爬电距离的完整性.....................................................46
III
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10.5.2 非金属外壳.....................................................................46
10.5.3 绝缘材料.......................................................................46
11 防液体危险.........................................................................47
11.1 概述.............................................................................47
11.2 清洗.............................................................................47
11.3 洒落.............................................................................47
11.4 溢出.............................................................................47
11.5 电池电解液.......................................................................47
11.6 特殊保护的设备...................................................................47
11.7 液体压力和泄漏...................................................................47
11.7.1 最大压力.......................................................................48
11.7.2 高压泄漏和破裂................................................................. 48
11.7.3 低压单元的泄漏................................................................. 48
11.7.4 过压安全装置...................................................................48
12 防辐射(包括激光源)、声压力和超声压力.............................................49
12.1 概述.............................................................................49
12.2 产生电离辐射的设备...............................................................49
12.2.1 电离辐射.......................................................................49
12.2.2 加速电子.......................................................................49
12.3 紫外线(UV)辐射................................................................. 49
12.4 微波辐射.........................................................................49
12.5 声压力和超声压力................................................................. 49
12.5.1 声压等级.......................................................................49
12.5.2 超声压力.......................................................................50
12.6 激光源...........................................................................50
13 对释放的气体、爆炸和内爆的防护.....................................................50
13.1 有毒和有害气体...................................................................50
13.2 爆炸和内爆.......................................................................50
13.2.1 元器件.........................................................................50
13.2.2 电池和电池的充电...............................................................50
13.2.3 阴极射线管的内爆...............................................................51
13.2.4 额定高压设备...................................................................51
14 元器件.............................................................................51
14.1 概述.............................................................................51
14.2 电动机...........................................................................52
14.2.1 电动机温度.....................................................................52
14.2.2 串激电动机.....................................................................52
14.3 过温保护装置.....................................................................52
14.4 熔断器座.........................................................................53
14.5 电网电源电压选择装置.............................................................53
14.6 高完善性元器件...................................................................53
14.7 在设备外部试验的电源变压器.......................................................53
14.8 印制线路板.......................................................................53
14.9 用作瞬态过压限制装置的电路和元器件...............................................53
IV
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15 利用联锁装置的保护................................................................. 54
15.1 概述.............................................................................54
15.2 防止重新启动.....................................................................54
15.3 可靠性...........................................................................54
16 试验和测量设备.....................................................................54
16.1 电流测量电路.....................................................................54
16.2 多功能仪表和类似设备.............................................................55
附录 A (规范性附录) 接触电流的测量电路 (见 6.3) ....................................56
附录 B (规范性附录) 标准试验指 (见 6.2)............................................58
附录 C (规范性附录) 电气间隙和爬电距离的测量 ........................................59
附录 D (规范性附录) 其间规定绝缘要求的零部件 (见 6.4 和 6.5.2) ......................63
附录 E (规范性附录) 污染等级的降低 ..................................................65
附录 F (规范性附录) 例行试验 ........................................................65
附录 G (资料性附录) 液体压力产生的泄漏和破裂 ........................................66
附录 H (资料性附录) 定义索引 ........................................................70
参考文献 ..............................................................................70
图 1 单一故障条件下瞬时可触及电压的短时最大持续时间[见 6.3.2a)] .......................18
图 2 正常条件和单一故障条件下充电电容量限值[见 6.3.1c)和 6.3.2c)].....................19
图 3 可拆卸电源线和连接 ...............................................................33
图 4 使用钢球的撞击试验 ...............................................................38
图 5 说明防止火焰蔓延要求的流程图 .....................................................40
图 6 挡板 .............................................................................41
图 7 结构要符合 9.2.1b)1)规定的外壳底部的区域 ..........................................42
图 8 球压试验装置 .....................................................................46
图 9 液压试验的压力与额定最大工作压力之比 .............................................48
图 10 符合性选项 14.1a)、b)、c)和 d)的流程图 .........................................52
图 A.1 频率小于或等于 1MHz 的交流和直流测量电路 .......................................56
图 A.2 频率小于或等于 100Hz 的正弦交流和直流测量电路 ..................................57
图 A.3 电灼伤电流测量电路 ............................................................57
图 A.4 潮湿接触电流测量电路 ..........................................................58
图 B.1 刚性试验指(GB/T 16842 的试具 11) .............................................58
图 B.2 铰接式试验指(GB/T 16842 的试具 B) ............................................59
图 C.1 电气间隙和爬电距离测量方法的例子................................................62
图 D.1a)至 D.1d) 危险带电电路与正常条件下不超过 6.3.2 限值、且具有可触及零部件的外部端
子的电路之间的防护....................................................................63
图 D.1e)至 D.1h) 危险带电电路与正常条件下不超过 6.3.2 限值、且具有外部端子的其他电路之
间的防护..............................................................................64
图 D.2a)和 D.2b) 不与其他可触及零部件相连的可触及件对内部危险带电电路的防护 ..........64
图 D.2c)和 D.2d) 正常条件下不超过 6.3.2 限值的次级电路的可触及端子对初级危险带电电路的
防护..................................................................................64
图 D.3 两个危险带电电路的外部可触及端子的防护 ........................................65
图 G.1 符合性确认程序(见第 G.2 章) ..................................................67
V
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表 1 符号 .............................................................................12
表 2 螺钉组件的拧紧扭矩 ...............................................................21
表 3 海拔 5000m 内的电气间隙倍增系数 ...................................................24
表 4 电网电源电路的电气间隙和爬电距离 .................................................25
表 5 由电网电源供电的电路的电气间隙 ...................................................26
表 6 按 6.7.3.2 计算的电气间隙数值 .....................................................27
表 7 爬电距离 .........................................................................28
表 8 测量类别 II,III,IV 的电气间隙 .....................................................29
表 9 基本绝缘的试验电压 ...............................................................31
表 10 按试验地点海拔高度规定的试验电压的修正系数 ......................................32
表 11 电源线的物理试验 ................................................................34
表 12 外壳底部允许的开孔 ..............................................................41
表 13 最大可获得电流值的限值 ..........................................................43
表 14 过流保护装置 ....................................................................43
表 15 正常条件下的表面温度限值 ........................................................44
表 16 绕组的绝缘材料 ..................................................................45
表 17 脉冲承受电压 ....................................................................54
表 18 脉冲发生器的输出阻抗 ............................................................54
表 C.1................................................................................60
表 E.1 通过采用附加防护使内部环境污染等级的降低 ......................................65
表 G.1 压力超过 14MPa 的设备的试验压力 ................................................69
VI
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